102023高考英語復習沖刺非謂語動詞真題解析一、 非謂語動詞作狀語〔一〕[學問要點]分詞作狀語，可表示緣由、時間、條件、結果、伴隨狀況和方式等等。現在分詞與過去分詞的區分：確定要結合分詞的規律主語〔一般是句子的主語〕去理解它們的區分和推斷用現在分詞還是用過去分詞。假設分詞與其規律主語存在規律上的主謂關系，就用現在分詞；假設存在被動關系，則用過去分詞。3．分詞作狀語一般要和它的規律主語保持全都，但是有一些固定的分詞短語卻可以不和其generallyspeaking,considering…,given…,judgingfrom…等等。4完成式和完成時態的含義相像，表示動作先于謂語動詞發生。[試題賞析]Themanager, itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.whohasmade B.havingmade C.made D.makingThestormleft, alotofdamagetothisarea.caused B.tohavecaused C.tocause D.havingcaused fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.Beingseparated B.Havingseparated C.Havingbeenseparated D.Tobeseparated析：這幾題都是考察現在分詞的完成式作狀語。例1選BA，A的考生沒有從時態上去認真分析。假設要使選項Awhohadmade。現在分詞的完成式此處作時間狀語，相當于afterhehadmadeitcleartous…，而不能whohadmadeitclear…。2Dafterithaddonealotofdamagetothisarea3Cformillionsofyears去分析。此處分詞短語可改為Asithasseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyear。“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted, away.run B.running C.torun D.ranOilpriceshaverisenby32%sincethestartofthisyear, arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.havereached B.reaching C.toreach D.tobereachingDaddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether, fun.had B.have C.tohave D.havingMoreandmorepeoplearesigningforYogaclassesnowadays, advantageofhealthandrelaxationbenefits.taking B.taken C.havingtaken D.havingbeentaken4B。runningaway作伴隨狀語，原句可改為：…Janetshoutedandranaway.5B6D。7A。Whilewatchingtelevision, .thedoorbellrang B.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellring D.wehearddoorbellringsC。watchingtelevisionwe。 inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.Dressed B.Todress C.Dressing D.Havingdressed inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.Havinglost B.Lost C.Beinglost D.Losing inuseinApril2023,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.Put B.Putting C.Havingput D.Beingput39ADressedinawhiteuniform=Whenhesdnae。例0選tnesrak=theyhadbeenlostinthemountainsforawee11APutinuseinApril2023=WhenitwasputinuseinApril2023。〔二〕[學問要點]不定式可作目的狀語，通常在其前面加上短語nro/os，其否認形式不行tonotsoasnotto/inordernotto來表示。例如：Igotupearlyinordernottomisstheearlybustheotherday.不定式可作結果狀語。留意其和現在分詞作結果狀語的區分：不定式表示出人意料的、偶然的結果，而現在分詞表示符合規律的、必定發生的結果。例如：Ithasbeenrainingnonstopforoneweeksofar,completelyruiningmyholiday.Shehurriedtotheairport,onlytofindthattheplanehadtakenoff.[試題賞析]–Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned.--Sure, itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.havinggot B.toget C.getting D.getItwasunbelievablethatfanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust lookatthesportsstars.had B.having C.tohave D.haveAllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately intimeforChristmas.inordertohavereceived B.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceived D.soastobereceiving析：這幾題都考察不定式作目的狀語。例12B1314C。禮物是被收到，因此不定式要用被動式。二、 非謂語動詞作主語、賓語[學問要點]不定式與-ingform均可作主語，有時可通用。談論一般性的活動時往往用-ingform，談論一個特定的動作，多用不定式。例如：Toseeistobelieve.(=Seeingisbelieving.)Itwasdifficulttosellmyoldcar.Sellinginsurance〔保險〕isaboringjob.接不定式作賓語的常見動詞有：agree,afford,appear,ask,begin,choose,decide,,,,,,,,,,,,form作賓語的常見動詞有：appreciate,avoid,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,face,feellike,finish,giveup,can’thelpimagine,mind,miss,practise,putoff,risk,suggest,understand等。有些動詞之后既可接不定式也可接-ingform，但是含義不同。接不定式表示動作發生-ingformremember,forget,stop,goon,regret等。gm,,hate,prefer等。[試題賞析]Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk thegoodopportunity.tolose B.losing C.tobelost D.beinglostIt’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview. theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.Tohavehad B.Havinghad C.Have D.HavingWhenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered atparty,butnot .WhentelephoningLondonnumbersWhentelephoningLondonnumbersfromabroad,dial1,not01.從外國往倫敦打，析15C。risk后面接-ingform16D。Havingtheanswersready充當主A17C。rememberdoingsth.表示記得過去做過某事，remembertodosth.表示記得要去做某事。三、連詞之后加分詞[學問要點]分詞短語常常可以用在一些介詞或連詞如after,before,since,when,while,whenever,once,until,on之后，例如：AftertalkingtoyouIalwaysfeelbetter.跟您談談之后，我總是覺得好一些。101。Oncedeprivedofoxygen,thebraindies. 一旦缺氧，腦子就死了。Leaveinovenuntilcookedtolightbrowncolor. 放在烤爐里烤成焦黃色為止。[試題賞析]When help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”Or“It’skindofyou.”offering B.tooffer C.tobeoffered D.offered析D。when后面直接接過去分詞，相當于一個省略了的狀語從句：Whenoneisofferedhelp。四、非謂語動詞作補語[學問要點]1．分詞作賓補，其前面的賓語就是分詞的規律主語，現在分詞表示主動的、正在進展的動作，過去分詞表示被動的、完成的動作。具有這種用法的謂語動詞多為表示感覺的動詞如：find,see,hear,smell,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。另外，有些使役動詞如：have,set,get,catch,keep,leave,send等亦可如此使用。例如：Isawhimhittingthedogwithastick.Isawthenethauledin. 我觀看網拉上來了。Isawthenetbeinghauledin. 我觀看網正在拉上來。I’llhavemycarrepairedtomorrow.2．不定式作賓補可接動詞原形作賓補的動詞有：feel,see,hear,watch,notice,make,let,have,helpto要補起來。可接帶o的不定式作賓補的動詞有,,,,,,,want,order,wish等。有些動詞如say,consider,think,suppose,believe,report等用在被動語態中，后面可接動詞不定式。[試題賞析]–IsBobstillperforming?--I’mafraidnot.Heissaid thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleft B.toleave C.tohavebeenleft D.tobeleft析A…Itissaidthathehasleftthestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.五、含非謂語動詞的獨立構造[學問要點]分詞有其獨立的規律主語，這種主語常常是名詞或代詞主格，置于現在分詞之前，二者構成一種分詞獨立構造。例如：Weatherpermitting,wewillgocampingtomorrow. [表條件]Theriverhavingriseninthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible. [表緣由]Allthethingsbought,shewentbackhome. [表時間]Shegazed,herhandsclaspedtoherbreast. [表伴隨狀況]當分詞短語表示伴隨狀況的時候，其主語常常用with來引導，構成“with+復合賓語”的構造。例如：Acarroaredpastwithsmokepouringfromtheexhaust.一輛小汽車呼地開了過去，排氣管冒出一團團黑煙。獨立主格構造有時由獨立主格+動詞不定式構成。不定式可表示將要發生的動作。請比較：Allthesegiftstobuy,Tomhurriedtotheshoppingcenter.Allthesegiftsbought,Tomlefttheshoppingcenterimmediately.[試題賞析]Isendyoul00dollarstoday,therest inayear.A.follows B.followed C.tofollow D.beingfollowed析Csendyou100dollarsandtherestwillfollowinayear.六、結合句型考察非謂語動詞[學問要點]1．祈使句+從句。主句為祈使句，從句一般是條件、時間狀語從句。從句用現在時，主句Don’t+動詞原形。Don’tbringherbackunlesssheinsistsoncomingback.Callmeupassoonasyouarrive.2．祈使句+and/or+主句。這種句型中的祈使句相當于一個條件從句，用and連接，or連接，那么祈使句相當于一個否認的條件從句。例如：Hurryuporyou’llbelateforthemeeting.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelateforthemeeting.Workhardandyourdreamwillcometrue.=Ifyouworkhard,yourdreamwillcometrue.命題人利用一些含有非謂語動詞的固定句型來考察非謂語動詞。1〕Havesome/notrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事方面有/沒有困難。Aseverybodyknewhim,Ihadnodifficultyfindinghishouse.2〕It’snogood/usedoingsth.做某事沒有用。It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.3〕There’snopointindoingsth.做某事沒有意義。Thereisnopointinarguingwithhim,forhewon’tchangehismind.[試題賞析]–WhatshouldIdowiththispassage?-- themainideaofeachparagraph.findingout B.Foundout C.Findout D.TofindoutAtlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand downtoeatourpicniclunch.sitting B.havingsat C.tosit D.sat21C22D。satdownfound構成并列的謂語動詞。【實戰演練】單項語法填空〔用括號內所給單詞的正確形式填空〕Ittakessingle-useplasticbagshundredsofyears (take).【2023北京卷】Apieceofstone (find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.【2023北京卷】Technologicalinnovations, (combine)withgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.【2023江蘇卷】Thespeedof6Gwillexceed125GB/s, (accountfor)anewgenerationofvirtualreality.【2023江蘇卷】Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 (find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【2023全國卷I】Theymakegreatgiftsandyou seethemmanytimes (decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.【2023II】Theyareeasy (care)forandmakegreatpresents.2023II】Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandseto