押湖南卷第36-45題知識運用之完型填空【題型概述】完形填空是中考英語中一種要求高、綜合性強的語言測試題。主要以閱讀為形式，上下文為線索，理解能力、詞匯知識、語法知識、習慣用法以及分析判斷能力為解題基礎，是一種較高層次的閱讀理解題。因此，考生必須具備扎實的英語基礎，掌握正確的解題思路和有效的解題技巧，才能取得較好成績。湖南中考完形填空通常為一篇150—200詞的短文，文中留出10個空白，要求考生從每題所給的3個選項中選出答案，使短文意思通順、前后連貫、結構完整。從語篇選材來看，題材多樣、內容廣泛，但都貼近考生的生活實際，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性。從語篇體裁來看，多以記敘文為主，部分題中會出現兩種體裁結合的情況，如夾敘夾議。從語篇內容來看，涉及社會熱點事件或問題討論、情感話題、名人軼事、故事、家庭親友等話題。從命題設計來看，有詞匯分析題、邏輯分析題、常用句式和固定搭配題等。【閱讀策略】厘清解題思路，正確有效地運用自身英語基礎知識、閱讀理解和邏輯判斷等能力解題，是提升考生完形填空解題成效的關鍵途徑，解題思路大致分為4步。第一步，重視語篇首句和尾句的含義。信息缺失是完形填空題最主要的特點，考生在解題時常常因為沒能從整體上把握文章大意而無從下手，或者因理解偏差導致嚴重失分。通過觀察可以發現，在完形填空語篇中，首尾句子中基本上不會安排填空，且首尾句一般是文章的中心句，考生對其進行認真解讀，便可以大概了解語篇的內容與主旨，便于后續更快、更準確地解題。第二步，跳過空格，快速瀏覽全文，把握文章大意。部分考生在解題時，只是憑借對句子層面信息的分析來填空，忽略了對語篇層面信息的把控，因而很容易出現失分的情況。因此，考生在解題時要學會跳過空格進行閱讀，在通讀全文后，對整篇文章有大致的了解，掌握文章的體裁、背景、內容、結構以及情節發展的前因后果等相關信息，為之后準確解題奠定基礎。第三步，綜合考慮，認真分析，選出正確答案。考生在初步了解文章大意的基礎上，再結合備選項細讀全文，結合上下文內容，注意從上下文的語法結構、詞語搭配及從選項中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結構入手，根據短文的意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮，對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項，然后初步選出答案。對于存疑部分，可暫且空置，不能因為某個空格未能確定答案而糾結，耽誤解題時間，影響整場考試的時間分配。第四步，復讀全文，梳理關系，敲定最終答案。在解題后，復讀文章，核查是否存在邏輯、時態等方面的問題，以提升答案正確率。在此過程中，也可以通過對上下文線索的再次梳理，解決之前解題時空置的個別存疑題目。總之，在解題時要做到思路清晰，先易后難，要瞻前顧后。PassageA（2023湖南長沙卷）MyfriendAndrewusedtodrinkalotandalwaysisolated(孤立)himself.Hewas____26____andheartbroken.Hefeltthathislifewasahopelessmess.Heeventoldmethathewasonthepointof____27____hope.Icouldn’tsolvehisproblems.ButduringtheChristmasseasontwoyearsago,IgavehimagiftthatIdidn’tevenknowIhad.ThatChristmasAndrewhadnoplacetogo,soI____28____himhometomyparents’houseinLondon.Myparentswere____29____tohavehimstaywithus.Theygraciously(殷勤地)cleanedupourguestroomforhimandevenboughthimsomeChristmasgifts.I’llnever____30____thenightwhenwearrivedatmyhome.Myparentswerealreadyasleep,butmymomhadprepareddinnerandsomecookiesforusandleftusa____31____.Myparentswereknownfortheirgenerosity(慷慨),soIwasn’tsurprisedbythiswarm____32____.ButwhenAndrewreadmymom’snoteandsawallthatshehadprepared,hebrokedownandcouldn’thelp____33____.Atthatmoment,Ibegantorealizewhatalovingfamilymeant.Fromthenon,AndrewandIbothreceivedgiftsthatwewould____34____forever.Igavehimthegiftofawarm,lovingandsafeplacetospendChristmas,whichhelpedhimrenewhisinterestinlife.More_____35_____,hegavemethegiftofanewperspective(觀點)onlife.IfIhadn’tsharedmyhomewithhim,Iwouldn’thaverealizedhowblessed(有福的)Iam.26.A.sunny B.outgoing C.lonely27.A.writingdown B.givingup C.listeningto28.A.stopped B.invited C.refused29.A.unwilling B.angry C.happy30.A.forget B.remember C.mention31.A.note B.book C.menu32.A.handshake B.welcome C.conversation33.A.fighting B.fearing C.crying34.A.value B.worry C.doubt35.A.pitifully B.importantly C.painfullyPassageB（2023湖南郴州卷）Harry.Whoownedaboat,firedneartheseawithhisfamily.Theymadealivingby31.Oneday,heaskedapaintertopainthisboat.Whilethepainterwaspainting,hefoundtherewasaholeatthebottomoftheboat,andhedecidedto32it.WhenhefinishedhisworkasHarpaskedhim,hegothismoneyandleft.Severaldayslater,Harrycametothepainterandgavehimsomemoneywhichwasmuchmorethanthepaymentforpainting.Thepainterdidn’tknow33andsaid,“You’vealreadypaidmeforpaintingtheboat!”“Itisnotforthepainting,34forhavingrepairedthehole!”Harrysaid.“It’sjustasmallservice.Certainlyyou35paymesomuchforsomethingunimportant.”saidthepainter.“Myfriend,youdon’tunderstandwhatImean.Letmetellyouwhathappened.My36tooktheboatandwentonafishingtripyesterday.WhenInoticedtheyhadtakentheboat,Iwasextremely(極其)37.Irememberedtheboathadaholethathadn’tbeenrepairedyet.Iforgottotellthemaboutit.Youcan’timaginehowhappyIwaswhenIsawthemwalking38safeandsound.ThenIcheckedtheboatandfoundyouhadrepairedthehole.Itwas39theboatsavedmychildren’slives!”Harrysaidwithexcitement.Justrepairthe“hole”youfind.Smallactsofkindnesscanmakea40difference.31.A.cookingB.teachingC.fishing32.A.repairB.paintC.protect33.A.whatB.whyC.when34.A.butB.andC.so35.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’t36.A.friendsB.neighborsC.children37.A.excitedB.happyC.worried38.A.intoB.outofC.along39.A.youB.heC.we40.A.smallB.bigC.bad完形填空題以語篇信息為基礎，以中心脈絡為主線，測試考生在語篇中對英語基礎知識的靈活運用能力，以及閱讀、思維和判斷等能力。技巧一：充分利用首句信息答題“完形填空”的首句均不設空，而是盡可能多地給考生提供一些必要的信息，因而，讀懂首句可以幫助考生建立正確的思維導向，避免走彎路而誤入歧途。首句是了解全文的窗口，通過首句往往能確定文章的體裁、背景、寫作意圖甚至中心思想。【典例】Oscarisablackbearandhelikesgoingshopping.Oneday,Oscar1theshoppingwithhismother.Whentheygottothe2,Oscarwasvery3.1.A.did B.stopped C.needed2.A.school B.hospital C.supermarket3.A.sorry B.happy C.sad【分析】此文首句“Oscarisablackbearandhelikesgoingshopping.”暗示本文是一篇記敘文，記敘Oscar和他媽媽去超市購物的經歷。由于記敘文一般按照事情發生發展的順序展開，并會涉及到時間、地點、人物、過程、結果等因素，把握住這一特點后對考生確定正確答案很有幫助。1題考查動詞的使用，正確答案是A。首句暗示“主人喜歡購物”，而此句正是陳述“主人和媽媽一起去購物”，所以應使用動詞“did”。dotheshopping也是固定短語，表示“購物”。2題考查名詞的使用，正確答案是C。前一句“主人和媽媽一起去購物”暗示了答案，購物自然應去“超市（supermarket）”。3題考查形容詞的使用，正確答案是B。由首句可知“主人喜歡購物”，到了超市主人自然應該“高興，”因而使用形容詞“happy”符合情景。技巧二巧用上下文信息答題完形填空必須通篇理解，從整體角度考慮，結合上下文信息才能判斷出最佳答案。利用上下文語境確定答案的題目所占比例呈越來越多的趨勢。而上下文信息可以出現在同一句、前后句、前后段中，或者出現在文章的開頭或結尾部分，因而答題時要瞻前顧后，結合首尾。【典例1】Marylivedonthesideofahill.Onewintertherewasabigflood(水災)andalotofhousesdownbelowMary’swerewashedaway,buthis1wasstillallright.Marytookinoneofherfamiliesthathad2everythinginthefloodandaskedthemtoliveinherhouse.…1.A.fieldB.schoolC.house2.A.paidB.gotC.lost【分析】短文中的Mary是一個孤兒，被一位好心的母親收養，并受到這個家庭孩子們的歡迎。20年后，已成為母親的Mary也以同樣的愛心收留了一個在洪水中失去了家園的家庭。第1題考查具體語境中名詞的用方法，解題信息在前一句“alotofhousesdownbelowMary’swerewashedaway,”，由此可知“別人家的房子被沖走”，而but這一轉折詞暗示瑪麗家的“房子”安然無恙，因而正確答案是C項。第2題考查具體語境中動詞的用法。解題信息也在上文。根據前一句信息可知：許多房屋被洪水沖走了。既然房屋被沖走，自然可以推斷：人們就“失去”了一切東西。表示“丟失；失去”應選用動詞“lose”的過去式“lost”，所以正確答案為C項。技巧三利用語法知識、詞語搭配、固定句型答題完形填空以語境考查為主，但不可避免的是，也有部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，同學們一定要利用平時所學的知識，考慮單詞（詞組）的固定搭配，動詞的及物和不及物，并利用句子結構、句式特點等知識全面衡量所有選項，排除干擾確定最佳答案。【典例】…butwewererelaxedwhenwewerelyingonthebeach.We1somephotosthere.WhatabusyweekendIhad!10.A.gotB.broughtC.took【分析】此題考查具體語境中動詞的用法，正確答案是C。本段文字介紹了周末在海邊放松的情景，根據常理看空格處應為“拍照、照相”之意，而表示“照相”時應使用固定短語takephotos，答案顯而易見。技巧四根據文化背景常識答題完形填空的文章內容往往與文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關，有些內容是我們已經掌握的生活常識。因而答題時要充分調動相關知識幫助我們分析、推斷，最終確定答案。另外，中外文化之間有一些差異，解題時不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發生的事情，只有這樣，才能正確理解其中的文化差異，作出正確的判斷和選擇。【典例1】Therearemanykindsofanimalsintheworld.Elephantsarethe1animalsthatliveonland.Onlysomekindsofwhales(鯨魚)arebiggerthanelephants,buttheyliveinthe2.1.A.biggest B.smallest C.smaller2.A.river B.lake C.sea【分析】第1題考查形容詞的用法，其解題信息就是常識性知識。眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，因而答案是A項，即應選“biggest”。第2題考查名詞用法，解題也必須結合常識性知識。眾所周知，鯨魚生活在大海里，因而答案是C，即應選“sea”。技巧五把握文章脈絡綜合推理判斷完形填空側重考查根據上下文語境理解文意的能力，有些題目應從語篇層次去考慮，只有把握了文章的脈絡，才能進行綜合推理判斷，最終得出最佳答案。文章的邏輯關系包括并列、原因、結果、讓步、轉折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等，依靠不同的連詞來表達，如and，but，so，however，firstofall，then，finally，forexample，or等，它們在文章中起著“篇章紐帶”的作用，可以作為做完型填空題的路標。【典例1】MyyoungestcousinlikesChineseBeijingOperaverymuch,buthecan’tsing6.6.A.badly B.easilyC.well【分析】此題考查具體語境中副詞的使用，正確答案是C。根據前面的轉折詞but之前的意義“我最小的弟弟很喜歡中國的京劇”可以推斷，喜歡但唱得不好，因而6題答案是C（well）。PassageAIamnotabravegirl,andevenalittlemousescaresme.1．I'vebeencrazyaboutbungeejumping.Oneday,Ifoundagoodplaceforthisexciting2．inThailandbysurfingtheInternet.Ipackedmybagandflewthere.However,Ihadnoideahowtogettotheaddresslistedonthe3．.Icalledthemandtookataxi,butthedriverdidn'tknowtheway,either.Hedroppedmehalfway.Havingboughtsomebread,Ihadtowaitforthecarthatshouldpickmeup.JustthenayoungmanjumpedoutofacarandaskedifIwasJenny,Thenwe4．tothebungeejumpingplace.Iwasamazedbythesightsalongtheroadthroughthewindowofthecar.IquicklysignedanagreementwhichsaidImightdie,and5．aharness(安全帶).Theguideledmethroughagate,askedmetositinaspecialseatandtiedmy6．andankleswell.Iwasnervousbutnotscared.AssoonasIstoodupandfeltmyankles7．together,Igotscared.Iwalkedslowlytotheedge(邊)ofthebridgeandlookedback.Theworkerslookedatmeandcouldn'thelplaughing.Atlastitwastimetogo.SoIjumpedas8．forwardasIcould.Atthatmomentmymemoryseemedtostop.Ifelt9．goingup,likeridingafastlift,andthenanotherdropand…...Finally,Istoppedintheair.Ispreadmyarmswide,laughingloudlyand10．.Theworkerspulledmeup,smilingatme.1．A．But B．Or C．So2．A．task B．sport C．subject3．A．magazine B．newspaper C．website4．A．walked B．ran C．drove5．A．putout B．puton C．putoff6．A．legs B．ears C．eyes7．A．tied B．divided C．spread8．A．close B．far C．short9．A．themselves B．himself C．myself10．A．sadly B．angrily C．proudlyPassageBZhangYiisaChinesereporterinSingapore.Awomanwithgreyhairlivingnearbyvisitedhimoneday.Thewomanintroduced11．asSarah.SheaskedifZhangcouldhelplookforherpenfriendwhowasfromChina.DuanChunwasSarah'sfirstChinesepenfriend.Theywrotealotoflettersand12．thecolorfulschoollivessixty-oneyearsago.AlltheletterswerekeptbySarah.Theywere13．hersweetmemories.14．,Sarahhadn'treceivedanylettersfromDuanformanyyears.Itseemed15．tofindapersonaftersuchalongtime,butZhangpromisedtodohisbest.HepostedsomeofDuan'sblack-and-white16．andtheirstoriesontheInternet.Tohis17．,manylovelystrangersjoinedhiminsearchingforDuan.18．theyhadlotsoftrouble,theyneverstoppedtrying.Afewmonthslater,thetwopenfriendsfinallybeganto19．witheachotheragain.TheyweresoexcitedthattheydecidedtomeetinChina.SarahpreparedagiftforDuantocelebrateherseventy-fifthbirthday.Itwaswiththehelpofsomany20．peopleandhightechnologythatthecross-countryfriendshipwasabletocontinue.11．A．herself B．himself C．themselves12．A．reported B．printed C．shared 13．A．similarto B．fullof C．closeto 14．A．Instead B．Also C．However 15．A．convenient B．impossible C．unfair 16．A．photos B．clothes C．pens 17．A．anger B．fear C．happiness18．A．Although B．Unless C．Until 19．A．argue B．communicate C．compare 20．A．funny B．local C．caring PassageCRidingabikeonthestreet,youmighthearsomepeoplespeakingChinese.Turningtotheright,youseeaSichuan-stylerestaurant.Afterwalkingintoastore,youseethatHUAWEIsmartphonesare21．.Butyou'renotinChina--you'reinManchesterinBritain.Infact,youmightsee22．thingsinmanyothercities.Chineseproductshavebeen23．worldwide.ChinesefoodhasbeenenjoyedinWesterncountriesforalongtime.To24．localpeople'stastes,Chineserestaurantshavemadesomechangestothe25．.UnliketheChinese,Australianpeopledon'tliketoeatmeatwiththebone26．soChineserestaurantsthereprovidebigpiecesofmeatwithoutbones,27．forfish.SomeChinesebrandsarealsobecomingmore28．.InmanycitiesinEurope,storessellTCLtelevisions,Haierfridgesandsoon.AndmorethanhalfofUS-owneddrones(無人駕駛飛機)areChinesemodels.They'renotsimplymadeinChina,butdesignedanddevelopedinthe29．Inthepast,mostWesternpeoplethoughtChineseproductswerecheapandnotdependable.Butnow,thingshavechangedgreatly."MadeinChina"becomescool.Moreandmorepeople30．Chinesebrands.21．A．forfun B．atwork C．onsale 22．A．similar B．different C．common 23．A．stored B．accepted C．received 24．A．meet B．copy C．spread 25．A．kitchens B．drinks C．dishes 26．A．in B．out C．on 27．A．just B．even C．yet 28．A．traditional B．expensive C．popular29．A．country B．city C．field 30．A．sell B．trust C．improve PassageDHaveyoueverlivedinaschooldormitory（宿舍）？Somestudentsthinklivingatschoolisapieceofcake.Well，it'snotas31．asyoumightimagine.Lastyear，myparentsdecidedtoletmeliveatschool.Iwas32．tohearthisdecisionbecauseIhadn'tthoughtaboutitbefore.ButI33．thisideaaftertheytoldmethattheywouldbetoobusytolookaftermeforthefollowingyear.However，whenIfirstarrived，Igotnervousaboutthestrict34．.Wehavetostudyfrom7a.mto10p.m.everyday.Wearenotallowedtoplaywithcellphonesorgobacktothedormitorytotakeshowersduringthistime.Also，I35．oneofmyroommates.Thesethingsmademefeelupsetandhomesick.Ijustwantedtogobackhome.Onweekends，Iwentbackhome.Mymothercomfortedme，"Don'tbeafraid.Trytothinkabouthowtoimprovethe36．."Mymother'swordscheeredmeup.Noneofmyroommateshadsuchproblems.SoIneededtosolvethembymyself.Thenextweek，Itriedmybesttocalmmyselfdownandfocusonmywork.Anditdidnotseemtoo37．.Italkedwithmyroommatesmore38．andmademorefriends.Irealizedthegoodorbadofthingsdependson39．ownattitudes（態度）.Ibegantoenjoythedormitorylife.EverytimeIstruggle（掙扎）withdifficulties，Ialwaysthinkaboutthisspecial40．.Itgivesmethecouragetoovercomethem.PerhapsIhavegrownupthroughthis.31．A．easy B．easily C．easier32．A．embarrassed B．excited C．surprised33．A．accepted B．admired C．doubted34．A．classes B．rules C．teachers35．A．gotalongwith B．arguedwith C．talkedwith36．A．standard B．grade C．situation37．A．difficult B．successful C．interesting38．A．loudly B．seriously C．politely39．A．his B．my C．its40．A．symbol B．tradition C．experiencePassageEDuringmylastyearofjuniorhighschool.ourteacher,Mrs.Green,gaveusatest.Iwasa(n)41．studentandIdidwellinallsubjects.Ifinishedthequestionsuccessfully42．Ireadthelastone:Whatisthe43．nameofthewomanwhocleanstheschool?Ofcourse,Ithoughtthatmusthavebeenajoke.Isawthecleaningwomaneveryday.Shewasshortandabout50yearsold.Shehaddarkhair.ButhowcouldIknowhername?Ihad44．941．talkedwithherbefore.Infact,I'dnevereven45．talkingtoher.Ilookedatmypaperandstartedtofeelrathershameful.It's46．formetoknowtheanswer.Finally,Ihandedinmypaper,leavingthelastoneunanswered.Beforethetestended,onestudentasked47．thelastquestionwouldbecountedinourgrades."Ofcourse,"theteachersaid."Inyourlife,youwillmeetmanypeople.Theyareallimportant.Theydeserves(值得)your48．andcare,evenifallyoudoistosmileandsayhello."I'veneverforgottenthat49．.EveryonedeservesmycareandIshouldgettoknowthepeoplewhoworkandlivearoundme.Thatwasthemost50．lessoninmylife.Later,Ialsolearnedthatthecleaningwoman'sfirstnamewasHannah.42．A．good-looking B．hard-working C．easy-going43．A．until B．although C．since44．A．last B．middle C．first45．A．never B．sometimes C．always46．A．heardabout B．thoughtabout C．worriedabout47．A．impossible B．embarrassing C．thankful48．A．what B．how C．if49．A．agreement B．attention C．discovery50．A．lesson B．fault C．advantage51．A．important B．boring C．harmfulPassageFItwasCareer（職業）Weekatschool.Eachday,adifferentpersoncametotalkabouthiso