限時規范練14Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars核心素養關鍵詞:培養學生人與科學、關注前沿科技的素養能力意識一、閱讀理解ASomenewcometshavebeendiscoveredaccidentallybyamateurastronomers.Surprisinglyafewbrightcometshavebeendiscoveredwiththenakedeye(肉眼)bymembersofthegeneralpublic.However,agreatnumberofcometsarefoundbycomethunterscarryingouttelescopesearchesofchosenareasofthenightsky.AsthemovementofallcometsisdirectedaroundtheSunandbecausethesebodiesbrightenastheymovetowardstheSun,thereisagreaterpossibilityforthediscoveryofanewcometintheskiestowardstheSunratherthanawayfromtheSun’sdirection.Thismeansthatsearchesshouldbeputonthewesternskyaftereveninglightandontheeasternskybeforemorninglight.Fromtheastronomicalpointthereisnotimeduringtheyearwhichisthebestforthediscoveryofnewcomets.AsearchcanbedoneatanytimeprovidingthereisnobrightMoon.Studiesdoneonthediscoveryconditionsofcometsdiscoveredbeforeshowthatmorecometshavebeendiscoveredinthemorningskythanintheeveningsky.Thusthesmartcomethuntershouldmakesurethatmorningactivityreceivesasmuchasifnotmoreattentionthaneveningeffort.Inrecenttimes,theuseofadvancedCCDtechnologytodiscoverobjectsclosetotheEarthwillinthefuturegreatlyreducethechancesofnewcometsbeingfoundwithsmalltelescopes.AnexampleofthenewtechnologyistheverysuccessfulLINEARprogramoperatinginNewMexico.However,untilasimilarsystemisbasedinthesouthernhalfoftheEarththerewillcontinuetobechancesforthediscoveryofnewcometswhichcomefromthesouth.1.Whatarecomethuntersadvisedtodo?A.LookawayfromtheSun.B.Staywherethere’sbrightlight.C.Facethewesternskyinthedaytime.D.Turntotheeastintheearlymorning.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthetimeforthediscoveryofnewcomets?A.Dayswhenthey’reclosetotheEartharegreatchances.B.Certainfixeddaysarebestforwatchingcomets.C.Everydayisthesameifthere’snobrightMoon.D.DayswiththeMoonshouldneverbemissed.3.Whichofthefollowingisasmartideaforcomethunters?A.Payingmoreattentioninthemorningthanintheafternoon.B.Beingequallyseriousbothinthemorningandafternoon.C.Beingmorerelaxedinthemorningthanintheafternoon.D.Formingahabitofworkingonlyinthemorning.4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheCCDtechnology?A.It’ssimilartoatelescope.B.It’lldisappointcomethunters.C.It’sspreadingallovertheworld.D.It’llmakecomethuntersfeellucky.BItdoesn’tmatterhowyouchoosetoliveyourlife—whateveryoudo,someonewilljudgeyou.Withthatinmind,let’stalkaboutbeingjudgedandcriticized.WhenIstartedwriting,itwasn’tthehurtfulcriticismfromreadersthatpreventedmefromgettingstarted.ItwasmyworriesaboutwhattheywouldthinkifIwroteaboutthethingsIcaredabout.IwrotemyideasinaprivatedocumentforayearbeforeIworkedupthecouragetostartsharingthempublicly.Usually,haterssimplycriticizeandmoveon.Andthatmeansthatyoucansafelyignorethemandcontinuedoingyourthing.Butthatiseasiersaidthandonebecauseweallliketobevalidated.Somepeoplelikeitmorethanothers,buteveryonewantstoberespectedandappreciatedtosomedegree.Icertainlydo.IknowthatwheneverIchoosetotakeariskandsharemyworkwiththeworld,Iwonderabouthowthepeoplearoundmewillseemebecauseofthatchoice.Willthishelpmyfame?Willthishurtmyfame?ShouldIevenbeworryingaboutmyfame?Finally,Idecidedthatitwasmoreimportanttocontributesomethingtotheworldthanitwastoprotectmyselffromcriticism.Thetruthaboutcriticismisthatit’salmostalwaysinyourhead.Itisnaturalformostpeopletoholdontonegativecriticism.Accordingtoaresearchpapertitled“BadIsStrongerThanGood”byRoyBaumeisterandresearchersatFloridaStateUniversity,wearemorelikelytoremembernegativecriticismthanpraise.Baumeisterfoundthatevenhappypeoplearemorelikelytoremembermorenegativeeventsthanpositiveones.Infact,Baumeisterandhisteamsaythatwhenitcomestoyourbrain,ittakesaboutfivepositiveeventstomakeupforonenegativeone.5.Whatpreventedtheauthorfromgettingstartedonwriting?A.Herownfears.B.Herlackofexperience.C.People’sjudgmentonherworks.D.People’sdifferentopinionsonwriting.6.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“validated”inParagraph4?A.Judged. B.Helped.C.Studied. D.Praised.7.WhatkindoffeelingdothequestionsinParagraph4show?A.Shock. B.Worry.C.Regret. D.Sadness.8.WhatcanbelearnedfromRoyBaumeister’sresearch?A.Weshouldtrytoavoidnegativeevents.B.Criticismcanbringaboutpositiveinfluence.C.Weremembernegativecriticismmorestrongly.D.Criticismhelpspeopleknowmoreaboutthemselves.二、完形填空Doyouliketalkingorworkingtogetherwithyourparents?Itgoeswithoutsayingthattherearemany1inwhichyoungpeoplecan2theoldergeneration.Inboththeirworkandtheirprivatelives,youngsterscangetalotfromthe3oftheirelders.

Asforwork,theoldergenerationcan4howyoungpeoplecanachievethecareerthey5.Forexample,theycan6whattodoinordertodeveloptheskillsthatwillgiveyoungpeoplethebestchanceofsuccess.Theymay7beabletogiveinvaluableadviceastowhich8youngpeopleshouldtakeornottake.Itmayevenbethecasethattheolderpersonwillbeabletoasktheirfriendstohelptheyoungeronefinda9.

Olderpeoplemayalsobeabletousethe10oftheirownlifeexperiencetohelpyoungpeoplewithadviceon11.Itcanhappenthatolderpeoplewishtheyhadacted12intheirownrelationships,sotheymaywishtoencourageyoungsterstoavoidsimilar13.Ifyoungpeoplearepreparedtolistentothiskindof14,itmaywellprove15forthem.

Ofthetwo16oflifediscussedabove,Ithinkyoungpeoplecanlearnmorefromtheoldergenerationinthefieldof17.Afterall,norelationshipisthesame,18whatmightbe19inonesituationmightnotinanother.Adviceoncareersismorelikelytobe20inavarietyofdifferingsituations.

1.A.places B.waysC.styles D.habits2.A.hearof B.lookafterC.learnfrom D.talkabout3.A.joy B.experienceC.kindness D.courage4.A.decide B.predictC.change D.explain5.A.dreamof B.believeinC.giveaway D.giveup6.A.choose B.requireC.plan D.suggest7.A.also B.neverC.instead D.only8.A.vacation B.examC.job D.subject9.A.role B.hobbyC.position D.task10.A.difficulty B.introductionC.improvement D.advantage11.A.travels B.relationshipsC.education D.housework12.A.unusually B.differentlyC.quickly D.patiently13.A.questions B.accidentsC.conversations D.mistakes14.A.answer B.storyC.advice D.promise15.A.normal B.helpfulC.enough D.impossible16.A.fields B.rulesC.events D.patterns17.A.study B.workC.sport D.art18.A.but B.ifC.because D.so19.A.simple B.hardC.special D.right20.A.given B.noticedC.followed D.found三、短文改錯WhenIwasyoung,myfamilymovedaroundalot,butIwenttolotsofdifferentschoolsandmeetpeoplefromdifferentplacesandbackgrounds.Ithinkofthatexperiencegavemealotofcommunicationskills.I’magoodlistener,andI’mgoodathelppeoplegetonwitheachother.Itprovestobeing,ofcourse,reallyusefullyatwork.Forthelasttwoyears,I’vebeenrunningasocialclubwithsomeofmyfriend.It’saclubforelderlypeople,payingforbythegovernment.Ofcourse,Iusemycommunicationskillsthere.Ithinkbeingagoodcommunicatorisimportantpartofmanagement,maybethemoreimportantofall.參考答案限時規范練14(必修3Unit4)一、【篇章導讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了觀測彗星的要領。一些業余的天文學愛好者發現了一些彗星。甚至一些普通大眾也能通過肉眼觀察到彗星,但大多數彗星都是在夜空中通過天文望遠鏡觀察到的。1.D細節理解題。由第二段中的“Thismeansthatsearchesshouldbeputonthewesternskyaftereveninglightandontheeasternskybeforemorninglight.”可知,早晨太陽出來之前應觀測東面的天空。2.C細節理解題。由第三段中的“AsearchcanbedoneatanytimeprovidingthereisnobrightMoon.”可知,只要沒有月亮,每一天對彗星獵人來說都一樣可以觀測。3.B推理判斷題。由第四段中的“Thusthesmartcomethuntershouldmakesurethatmorningactivityreceivesasmuchasifnotmoreattentionthaneveningeffort.”可知,早晚觀測彗星應該投入一樣的精力。4.B推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“Inrecenttimes,theuseofadvancedCCDtechnologytodiscoverobjectsclosetotheEarthwillinthefuturegreatlyreducethechancesofnewcometsbeingfoundwithsmalltelescopes.”可知,這種技術降低了彗星獵人成功的概率,他們應該會感到有些失望。【篇章導讀】本文是議論文。對于批評,我們的恐懼和難以釋懷是正常的,但是我們需要忽略它們繼續前行。5.A細節理解題。由第二段中的“ItwasmyworriesaboutwhattheywouldthinkifIwroteaboutthethingsIcaredabout.”可知答案。6.D詞義猜測題。由下一句中的“everyonewantstoberespectedandappreciatedtosomedegree”可知,每個人都希望被尊重、贊揚和認可,因此畫線詞可以替換為praised(贊揚)。7.B推理判斷題。這三個問題是作者在內心問自己的。每個人都想獲得他人的肯定,維護自己的聲譽,作者也不例外,因此會擔心自己的決定影響自己的聲譽。8.C細節理解題。由最后一段中的“wearemorelikelytoremembernegativecriticismthanpraise”可知答案。二、【篇章導讀】本文是議論文。年輕人可以從上一輩人身上學到很多東西。1.B由下文年輕人可以在工作和人際關系上從上一輩人身上學到很多東西可知,此處表示在很多“方面(ways)”。2.C由下文第二、三段可知,年輕人在工作和人際關系上可以向上一輩人“學習(learnfrom)”。3.B第三段中的theirownlifeexperience對本空有提示。