作文--為題目類型

1.Directions:Supposethestudentunionofyouruniversityisorganizingan

onlinediscussiononcollegestudentsdoingcommunityservice.Youaretowrite

anessayonitsbenefitsandtheserviceyoucanprovidetothecommunity.You

willhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutno

morethan180words.

詞匯理解--為題目類型

Whetheryou，rejusthavingadowndayoradownperiod,takingawalkcan

instantlyliftyourmood,especiallywhenyougooutdoors.Notonlycanwalking

makeyoulessdepressed,butaccordingtoanewstudy,depressionsuffererswho

tooka[Cl]walkshowedjustasmuchimprovementintheir[C2]

aspeopletakingmedicine.Infact,60-70percentofthe

participantsinthestudycouldnolongerevenbe[C3]asdepressed.

Bonedensitymaynotbeoneofthemostexcitinghealthbenefitsofwalking,

butit'sanimportantone.Peoplewithstrongerbonesavoidosteoporosis(骨質(zhì)

疏松癥)andalltheproblemsthat[C4]withit,likebreaksandother

disabilities.Andthebestwaytogetstrong,healthybonesisbydoingweight-

bearingexerciseslikerunning,dancingandwalking,accordingtoalarge

study.Butasregardsbones,it's[C5]useitorloseit:Tokeepyour

bonesstrongyouhavetokeepexercising.Theresearchersfoundthatadultswho

walkedregularlyhadbetterbonedensitythroughouttheirlivesthantheir

[C6]friends.Takingawalkcanbegreatfor[C7]yourhead

orblowingoffsomesteam.Italsoprovidesagreatopportunityto[C8]

withfriendsandfamily,farawayfromelectronicsandother[C9]

athome.Evenbetter,yousetapowerfulexamplebecausewhentheysee

you[CIO]thebenefitsofwalking,they，11beencouragedtowalkmore,

too.A)accompanyI)distractionsB)approvedJ)exclusivelyC)bondK)

inactiveD)classifiedL)occurrencesE)clearingM)reapingF)comeN)

symptomsG)daily0)typicalH)definitely

2.[Cl]

3.[C2]

4.[C3]

5.[C4]

6.[C5]

7.[C6]

8.[C7]

9.[C8]

10.[C9]

11.[CIO]

長篇閱讀--為題目類型

AClubWhereLionsDanceandTraditionsTakeRootA)Thefirstthingyounotice

inthestaircasetothefourth-floorstudioonCanalStreetinManhattan,New

York,isthemeasuredthumping(啜嚼聲)comingfrombehindametaldoor.Just

beyondtheentrance,largelionmasksweretwistingandturningtothedrum-

beat.OnarecentFridayevening,theteenagersmadetheirwayacrossthe

studiofloorastheypracticedChineseliondancing.B)〃Youwanttoplayina

circle,/zVictorFong,aged24,toldhisstudentsattheNewYorkChinese

FreemasonsAthleticClub."Takeitslowanddoitagain.z/Thedancegroup,made

upof60members,performsthroughouttheyearbutwasnowpreparingforits

biggestevents,ChineseLunarNewYearcelebrations,whichwillbeginon

SaturdayandconcludeonFebruary15.Teenagerscompriseabouthalfofthe

group,manyofwhombeganliondancingattheageof14.About100currentand

pastmembersofthedancegroup一whichhasbeenperformingsince1956-willbe

amongthe220groupsmarchingthroughChinatowninManhattanforthe18thLunar

NewYearParadeonFebruary5.C)Mr.Fonghasbeeninvolvedinthe

organizationsincehewas15andbeganteachingliondancingthreeyearsago.

Buttheclubalsoactsasarecreationcenterandsafehaven(庇護所)for

teenagers,withvideogamesreadilyavailable.Asmanyas20studentsshowup

afterschool."Thebasicrequirementforhangingouthereisyouhavetolearn

howtoliondance,"Mr.Fongsaid.Whilethatisnotaformalrequirementfor

beingamember,everyonefindsawaytoparticipateintheLunarNewYear

Parade,whetherit'sbydancing,carryingaflagorbeatingadrum.D)Alvin

Chau,aged26,isanenvironmentalconsultantbydayandaliondanceron

weekends.Hehasbeenaclubmemberfor10yearsandjoinedbecauseofan

interestinliondance.〃We'reabigfamily,/zhesaid,shakinghandswithother

membersastheywalkedthroughthedoor."Youknoweveryone./zE)Itisbelieved

thattheliondancebeganinthethirdcentury.Storiesvaryabouthowlion

dancingcametobe,butmostofthemincludeamonsternamedManwhowould

terrorizeavillage.Thevillagersfinallybandedtogetherandscaredthebeast

awaywithfirecrackers(爆竹)anddrums.WhilelionsarenotnativetoChina,

someversionsofthestoryincludethevillagerscreatingamonsteroftheir

ownintheshapeofaliontofightoffthebeast.F)Today,thedancerstravel

acrossChinatowngoingfrombusinesstobusinesstobringgoodluckforthe

comingyear.Thenewyear一accordingtotheChineselunarcalendar一willbegin

onSaturdayandmarkstheYearoftheRooster(雞年)，whichisthoughttobea

symbolofpositivity.〃It'salmostlikethedarknightisendingandthesunis

comingup,〃saidYaYungTeng,thedigitalcollectionscoordinatorforthe

MuseumofChineseinAmerica.〃It'shopefulthatwe'regoingtohaveanew

day.，zRoostersandchickensarenotparticularlystrongcreatures,Ms.Teng

said,buttheyarenumerous.〃Inaway,〃shesaid,therooster，zstandsforJWe

thePeople.，〃G)Thelionheadandtailareoperatedbytwopeople.Asone

personcontrolsthehead,asecondfollowsunderatrainoffabricrepresenting

thebody.ThedancersmoveinharmonyastheyimitatetheanimaFsnatural

movementsinthewild,includingtheaggressivenessofanattack.Alionhead

figureweighsunder10poundsandsitssquarelyonthedancer，sshoulders.

Inside,thedancermanipulatesstringsthatopenandclosethelion，seyes,

shakeitsearsandopenitsmouthtorevealafire-orangetongue.H)〃Agood

liondancerwillimitatealivingcreature,z/saidKarlinChan,aged59,who

headstheathleticclub'scommunitypublicrelations.〃Istartedliondancing

whenIwasakid,〃hesaid."Chinatownwasmuchsmallerthenanditwasa

celebrationwithfireworksandfirecrackers,whichaddedalotofflavorand

meaningtoit.〃I)Mr.Chanbuysanewlionheadeachyearwhenhetravelsto

China.Aheadcostsabout$1,500.〃Ifyouwantthegoodstuff,thequality,

youhavetoseeitforyourself,zzhesaid.〃I'11inspecttheproductbeforewe

putitinthecontainerandshipitover.〃Mr.Chan,whohasbeeninvolvedwith

theclubfornearly50years,saidthatpassingthedancefromonegeneration

tothenextwasvital.〃Youneedtopassonthetraditionsandtheculture,and

thisisapartofourculture,，zhesaid.〃It'sagreatwaytopromotecultural

understandingandexchange;wewelcomethat./zJ)ForSaraPore,aged17,

anotherclubmember,liondanceismorethanjusttradition;itprovidesa

creativeoutlet."Liondancingstarted2,000yearsago一that，sincredible,/zshe

said."Butwhatmakesyouacompetentliondanceristhatthere，sasenseof

imaginationinvolved.Liondancingteachescompetenceinleadershipbecauseof

this.You，reconstantlyforcedtopushyourselfpastyourlimit."K）Backat

rehearsal（排練）,JustinLe,aged18,tiedaredribbonaroundhiswaistto

practicejumping.Thedancersusetheribbonstopullthemselvesupovertheir

partners，heads.Theroom，sceilingsaretoolowtowearthelionheadsfor

jumpingpractice,soonceuponhispartner'shead,Mr.Leheldouthisarmsas

ifinoffering.L）Mr.Lecomesbythedanceasalegacy（傳承）.〃Iwasborn

intoit,〃Mr.Lesaid,notingthathisuncleandfatherwereclubmembers.

zzGrowingup,Iwouldalwayswatchmyfamilyandseetheliondance,andI

slowlygrewinterestedinit.〃Bytheageof14,hewasfullyenrolledinthe

athleticclub，sliondancegroup.〃Ivaluemycultureandtradition,being

ChineseorAsian-American.Ihavealotofprideinthat,〃hesaid.〃Iwantto

contributeandgivebacktothecommunity.z/

12.TheliondancersperformfromdoortodoortobringNewYearwishesto

businesspeople.

13.TheNewYorkdanceclubalsoservesasaplaceforentertainmentwhere

youngsterscanenjoythemselvessafely.

14.Liondancersneedtohavealittleimaginationtoperformwell.

15.Thereareanumberofdifferentversionsabouttheoriginoftheliondance.

16.Some50%ofthemembersofaNewYorkliondanceclubareteenagers.

17.Oneclubmembersayshefeelsproudofhisculturaltradition.

18.Twodancerscoordinatetheirmovements,onemanipulatingthelion，sheadand

theotheritsbody.

19.OneliondancercomparestheirNewYorkdanceclubtoafamily.

20.LiondanceshouldbehandeddowntofuturegenerationsaspartofChinese

culture.

21.Oneliondancerlearnedhowtoperformfromhiselders.

仔細(xì)閱讀-一為題目類型

Team-buildingexerciseshavebecomepopularformanagerstryingtoincrease

organisationalandteamharmonyandproductivity.Unfortunatelymanyemployees

resentcompulsorybondingandoftenregardtheseexercisesasanuisance.A

paperpublishedthisweekbyUniversityofSydneyresearchersinSocial

Networkshasreportedparticipants，feelingsaboutteam-buildinginterventions

（干預(yù)），revealingethicalimplicationsinforcingemployeestotakepart."Many

peopleseeteam-buildingactivitiesasawasteoftime,sowedecidedtolook

inmoredepthatwhat，sbehindthis,〃saidthepaper5sleadresearcher,Dr

PeterMatous./ZTearnsareformed,combinedandrestructured.Staffarerelocated

andofficespacesredesigned.Allthisisdonewiththeaimofimproving

workplaceefficiency,collaborationandcohesion.Butdoesanyofthiswork?”

saidDrMatous.Thestudyfoundthatteam-buildingexerciseswhichfocusedon

thesharingofandinterveningintopersonalattitudesandrelationships

betweenteammemberswereconsideredtooheavy-handedandintrusive,although

theresearcherssaysomedegreeofopennessandvulnerabilityisoften

necessarytomakedeep,effectiveconnectionswithcolleagues."Some

participantswereagainstteam-buildingexercisesbecausetheywereimplicitly

compulsory.Theydidn'twelcomemanagement*sinterestintheirlivesbeyond

theirdirectworkperformance,，zsaidMatous."Manypeopledon，twanttobe

forcedintohavingfunormakingfriends,especiallynotontopoftheirbusy

jobs.Theyfeelmanagementisbeingtoonosyortryingtocontroltheirlives

toomuch.〃Inthisstudytheresearchersrecommendedaself-disclosure(表露)

approachwhereparticipantswereguidedthroughaseriesofquestionsthat

allowedthemtoincreasinglydisclosepersonalinformationandvalues.The

methodiswell-testedandhasbeenshowntoincreaseinterpersonalcloseness.

However,tobesuccessfulitmustbevoluntary.Theresearcherssaidthereare

numerousschoolsofthoughtthatproposedifferingpsychologicalmethodsfor

strengtheningrelationships."Withcaution,manyrelationalmethodstoimprove

teamsandorganisationscanbeborrowedfromotherfields.Thequestionishow

toapplythemeffectivelytostrengthenanentirecollective,whichismore

thanjustthesumofindividualrelationships,，zsaidDrMatous.

22.Whyaremanyemployeesopposedtoteam-buildingexercises?

(A)Theyconsidersuchexercisesannoying.

(B)Theydeemtheseexercisescounter-productive.

(C)Theyseesuchexercisesasharmfultoharmony.

(D)Theyfindtheseexercisestoodemanding.

23.WhatdidDrMatousandhisteamdotofindoutwhetherteam-building

activitieswouldimproveproductivity?

(A)Theyrelocatedteamleadersandtheiroffices.

(B)Theyrearrangedthestaffandofficespaces.

(C)Theyredesignedthestaff'sworkschedules.

(D)Theyreintroducedsomecohesiveactivities.

24.WhatdidthestudybyMatous，teamfindaboutsometeam-buildingexercises?

(A)Theywereintendedtosharepersonalattitudesandrelationships.

(B)Theyimplicitlyaddedtothevulnerabilityofteammembers.

(C)Theyinvariablystrengthenedconnectionsamongcolleagues.

(D)Theywereregardedasanintrusionintoemployees5privatelives.

25.Howcantheself-disclosureapproachsucceedinincreasinginterpersonal

closeness?

(A)Byallowingparticipantsfreedomtoexpressthemselves.

(B)Byapplyingittoemployeeswhovolunteertoparticipate.

(C)Byarranginginproperorderthequestionsparticipantsface.

(D)Byguidingemployeesthroughaseriesofstepsinteambuilding.

26.WhatdoesMatousthinkofthevariouspsychologicalmethodsborrowedfrom

otherfieldsforstrengtheningrelationships?

(A)Theymustbeusedincombinationforanentirecollective.

(B)Theyprioritisesomepsychologicalaspectsoverothers.

(C)Theyplacetoomuchstressonindividualrelationships.

(D)Theyhavetobeappliedcautiouslytobeeffective.

Therearecloseto58,000homelesspeopleinLosAngelescounty.That，sa

shockingandtragicnumberforaregionthat5shometosomeoftherichest

peopleintheworld.Atlast,theproblembecamesoacute一andsovisible一

thatLosAngelestookextraordinaryaction.Thecitizensofthiscountyvoted

inNovember2016andagaininMarch2017toraisetheirowntaxes.Thepurpose

ofsuchactionistofundanenormousmultibillion-dollar,10-yearprogramof

housingandsocialservicesforthehomeless.Asaresult,LosAngelesnowhas

itsbestchanceindecadestocombathomelessness.Thisisanopportunitythat

surelyallcanagreemustnotbewasted.Itisneitherdesirablenormorally

acceptablenorpracticalforthiscountytotoleratethesignsofdeprivation

morecommonlyassociatedwiththeslums(貧民窟)ofRiodeJaniero.Howdidwe

gethere?Foraslongastherearehomelesspeople,thereisatendencyto

blamethevictimsthemselvesfortheircondition一toseetheirfailureto

thriveasanissueofcharacter,ofmoralweakness,oflaziness.Butcontrary

topopularbelief,thehomelessinLosAngelesarenotmostlymentallyillor

drugaddictedorfrightening,althoughasizableminoritymeetsomeofthose

descriptions.Today,agreaterandgreaterproportionofpeoplelivingonthe

streetsaretherebecauseofbadluckoraseriesofmistakes,orbecausethe

economyforgotthem一theylostajoborwereevicted(逐出)orfledanabusive

marriagejustasthehousingmarketwasgrowingincreasinglyunforgiving.The

challengesareenormous,evenifeveryoneispullinginthesamedirection.

ThatrealitywasdrivenhomethismonthbyanewLosAngelesHomelessServices

Authorityreportshowingthatthecounty，shomelesspopulationisgrowing

fasterthanthesupplyofnewhousing.Intheworld，srichestnation,

homelessnessonthisscaleshouldbeshamefulandshocking.ButmostLos

Angelesresidentsarenolongereithershockedorshamed.Increasingly,weare

uncomfortable,annoyed,disgusted,scaredorunaware.Compassion(同情心)is

beingreplacedbyresignation.

27.WhydidthecitizensofLosAngelesvotetoraisetheirowntaxes?

(A)Tocombatthecounty，shomelessness.

(B)Toreformthecounty，sservicesystem.

(C)Tofundthedevelopmentoflocalinfrastructure,

(D)Tonarrowthegapbetweentherichandthepoor,

28.Whatdopeopletendtobelieveaboutthehomeless?

(A)Theyseldommeetthedescriptionsofhomelessness,

(B)Theyarethevictimsoffasteconomicdevelopment,

(C)Theyareresponsiblefortheirowncondition,

(D)Theyaccountforthemajorityofdrugaddicts.

29.WhatisoneofthecausesformoreandmorepeopleinLosAngelestobecome

homeless?

(A)Theyfinditincreasinglydifficulttoaffordaplacetolive.

(B)Thedivorcerateinthecountyhasbeenonasteadyrise.

(C)Theyhavebeencompelledtotakelow-payingjobs.

(D)Thesocietyfailstoforgivethemfortheirmistakes.

30.WhatdowelearnfromthenewLosAngelesHomelessServicesAuthority

report?

(A)Supplyingenoughjobopportunitiesforthehomelessremainsachallenge.

(B)Everyoneispullinginthesamedirectiontosolvethehomelessness

problem.

(C)Theincreaseinnewhousingfallsshortofthedemandofthegrowing

homelesspopulation.

(D)LosAngeles5homelessconditionisdeterioratingfasterthanmanypeople

predict.

31.HowdomostLosAngelesresidentsnowfeelabouthomelessness?

(A)Theyareincreasinglyashamedaboutitsscale.

(B)Theyfinditnomorescaringthanitappear