英語語法框架概

一、詞法

>數(shù)量：10大類

>分類依據(jù)：形式特征、意義、句法作用

詞類定義例詞

名詞Noun表示事物名稱的詞Market,people,water,information

代詞Pronoun代替名詞或名詞所有格的詞I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing

實詞動詞Verb表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞Are,do,go,eat

Notional形容詞Adjective表示人或事物性質(zhì)特征的詞Young,fast,excellent

word副詞Adverb表示動作、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的程度的詞Very,well,always

數(shù)詞Numeral表示數(shù)目或順序的詞One,first,thousand

冠詞Article名詞前，說明名詞含義A,an,the

虛詞介詞Proposition名詞或代詞之間，表關(guān)系Of,to,after,

Empty連詞Conjunction連接，“關(guān)節(jié)”之意And,but,if

word感嘆詞Injection情感態(tài)度的詞Oh,ah,well

二、句法

>分類方法：按成分、按類別

1.句子成分

成分充當(dāng)詞例句

名詞NounThesungivesuslightandheat.

人稱代詞PersonalpronounWelovelife.

主語subject------物主代詞PossessivepronounYourideaisgood,butmineisbetter.

“誰”"什么”指示代詞DemonstrativepronounThisismyfavoriteteacher.

動作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者疑問代詞InterrogativepronounWhatisthemostimportantthinginyourlife?

不定代詞IndefinitepronounNobodycanstopmestudying.

基數(shù)詞CardinalnumeralTwoofyouaremybeststudents.

序數(shù)詞OrdinalnumeralThesecondismysister.

形容詞AdjectiveTheoldshouldbetakencareofinourcountry.

不定式InfinitiveTotalkiseasierthantodo.

動名詞GerundHelpingotherscanbringushappiness.

從句clauseWhatyoudidisbetterthanwhatyousaid.

謂語predicate------實意動詞NotionalverbWeplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths.

主語的動作或狀態(tài)聯(lián)系動詞LinkingverbWeareChinese.

名詞NounNowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese.

賓語object------人稱代詞PersonalpronounHefoolsusall.

及物動詞或及物動詞短

語的對象或內(nèi)容反身代詞ReflexivepronounBelieveinyourself.

指示代詞DemonstrativepronounIthankyouwilllikethis.

疑問代詞InterrogativepronounWhoareyouwaitingfor?

不定代詞InfinitivepronounTheygoteverythingtheywant.

物主代詞PossessivepronounHeisanoldfriendsofhers.

相互代詞ReciprocalpronounWeshouldleamtorespecteachother.

形容詞AdjectiveThatnewswillmakemotherhappy.

副詞AdverbLetmeshowyouout.

賓語補足語名詞NounWechoseTomourmonitor.

objectcomplement------介詞短語PrepositionalphraseJerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.

賓語之后，補充說明不定式InfinitiveDonotforcemetodoanythingIdon9tlike.

現(xiàn)在分詞PresentparticipleDon'tkeepmewaitingtoolong.

過去分詞PastparticipleTheyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished.

形容詞AdjectiveThemountainsaregreen.

副詞AdverbTimeisup.

指示代詞DemonstrativepronounWhatIwantisthis.

疑問代詞InterrogativepronounIwanderwhoyouare.

表語predictive------不定代詞IndefinitepronounItisnothingserious.

說明主語，"補足語”基數(shù)詞CardinalnumeralTwoplustwoisfour.

序數(shù)詞OrdinalnumeralMymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.

介詞短語PrepositionalphraseThewatchisjustunderthetable.

不定式InfinitiveMyjobistocleanthe2ad.

動名詞GerundHisbobbyiscollectingstamps.

現(xiàn)在分詞PresentparticipleTheresultisdisappointing.

過去分詞PastparticipleWearedisappointed/oIheresult.

從句clauseThatiswhatIQmeans.

名詞NounHeworksinacarfactory.

形容詞AdjectiveNowtheworldisjustlikeasmallvillage.

副詞AdverbThenativeIhereareveryfriendly.

物主代詞PossessivepronounTheirinventionwontheworldprize.

指示代詞DemonstrativepronounThesewildplantsarewellprotected.

定語attribute------疑問代詞InterrogativepronounWhichriveristhelongestintheworld?

修飾名詞或代詞不定代詞IndefinitepronounBothhisparentsaredoctors.

基數(shù)詞CardinalnumeralTheorganizationcontainseighlcountries.

序數(shù)詞OrdinalnumeralHewasthefifthplayertoreceivethehonor.

介詞短語PrepositionalphraseManysecretsinspaceremainunknown.

不定式InfinitiveSoIhavenothingtosayformyself.

動名詞GerundIboughtawalkingstickformygrandfather.

現(xiàn)在分詞PresentparticipleTomgotinjuredbyafallingtree.

過去分詞PastparticipleTheyreachedanoldhousebuilt200yearsago.

從句clauseThosewhodrinkwaterwillnotforgetthepeoplewho

digthewell.

名詞NounLiMingisoneyearoldthanI.

形容詞AdjectiveThetravelerscameback,safeandsound.

狀語adverbial------副詞AdverbThesonoftenwritetohisparents.

位置隨意，修飾任意不定式InfinitiveMotherwenttobuysomethinginthemarket.

動詞、副詞、形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞PresentparticipleHestoodup,lookingatthebosscoldly.

從句、全句過去分詞PastparticipleLedbythenatives,wefoundtheoldcastle.

介詞短語PrepositionalphraseFromthespacetheastronautsawablueglobe.

從句ClauseWherethereissmoke,thereisfire.

獨立主格nominativeabsoluteWeatherDermilling.wewillgofora

structure

同位語appositive------名詞NounMissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.

前名詞、代詞的具體內(nèi)容代詞PronounTheyeachhaveaPC.

數(shù)詞NumeralIhavepreparedanicedinnerforyouIwo.

從句clauseWe'vegotthenewsthatourteamwnnthematch.

2.句子類別

>分類：按使用目的、按結(jié)構(gòu)

（1）按使用目的：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句

類別例句

肯定句

AssertiveHisnamewasPangu.

sentence

陳述句Shebegansearchingforthatsomething.

Declarative否定句

sentenceNegativeIcannotagreewithyou.

sentence

Itdoesn'tmatter.

一般疑問句

GeneralDidItalywintheWorldCap?

question

Isthatfilminteresting?

疑問句特殊疑問句Whatisyourname?

QuestionSpecialWherecanyoufindtheanswer>

question

sentence

選擇疑問句Areyouateacherorastudent?

AlternativeDoyoulikecoffeeortea?

question

反義疑問句Itisfineday,isn'tit?

DisjunctiveNooneacceptedyouroffer,didthey?

question

祈使句Donottakeeverythingforgranted!

imperativesentenceFollowme,please.

感嘆句Whatagoodteacherheis!

exclamatorysentenceHowgoodateacherheis!

(2)按結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句

類別例句

S+VIThesunrisesintheeast.

S+VT+OManyfamilieskeeppets.

簡單句simplesentences+v+cChinaisstilladevelopingcountry.

5種基本類型S+VT+01+02Hesentmeane-mailyesterday.

S+VT+O+CMygirlalwaysmakesmehappy.

并列句HelikestowatchTVbutIliketoreadbooks.

CoordinatesentenceYoucandoyourhomeworkfirstandthenyoucanplaywithyourfriends.

主語從句subjectWhatyousaidistrue.

名詞性從句賓語從句objectYouknewthatbeautyshouldbenatural