高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市昌平區2022-2023學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題第一部分知識運用(共兩節，30分)第一節完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AsIstoodinlinewaitingtocashoutatastore,Istudiedthecustomerinfrontofme.Shewasyoungbuthada____1____look—asiflifehadbeatenhermanytimes.Theitemsinhercart(手推車)includedthecheapestmeatandmeal.Whenthecashierfinallytoldherthe____2____,thewoman’sfacepaled.Sheopenedawornwalletandbegan____3____smallbillsandcoins.Itwasobviousshedidn’thaveenough,andshecheckedhergroceriestoseewhatshecoulddowithout.Onebyone,she____4____things,butshestillcameupshort.Someonebehindmewasupsetandcomplained.“Nevermind,”Isaidtotheyoungladywhosefaceturnedred,“takeyourtime.”Iwaitedquietlyuntilmyturncame.Imovedforwardandmotioned____5____totheitemsthewomanhadtakenout,addedallmymeatandfreshmilk,andwhispered“____6____bags,samebillplease”tothecashier.Shenodded.I____7____howIcouldputthebagswithextrathingsintohercartwithoutbeingcaught.Mydearcashiersolvedtheproblemby“accidentally”rollingseveralorangessohardthattheyflewpasttheladyandontothefloor.“I’llgetthose,”thewomanofferedkindlyandranto____8____therunawayfruit.Iquicklyplacedthetwoextrabagsintohercartwhileshewasbackwiththeoranges.“Thankyousomuch,”Isaid.“Thankyouforyour____9____,”sherepliedbeforeleaving.Thatnight,IthoughtabouttheyoungladywhoIhopedwasenjoyingaheartydinnerwithherfamily,andIsentasilentwishthatherlifewouldtakea_____10_____soon.1.A.tired B.delighted C.confused D.satisfied2.A.way B.order C.cost D.option3.A.exchanging B.counting C.borrowing D.searching4.A.replaced B.sold C.removed D.provided5.A.unreasonably B.uncomfortably C.unwillingly D.unnoticeably6.A.Useful B.Separate C.Regular D.Large7.A.remembered B.explained C.expected D.wondered8.A.dealwith B.cleanoff C.pickup D.lookfor9.A.patience B.generosity C.courage D.honesty10.A.shortcut B.tum C.chance D.risk〖答案〗1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.B7.D8.C9.A10.B【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在排隊結賬的過程中，作者悄悄幫助生活窘困的女士付款的故事。【1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她很年輕，臉上帶著疲憊的神情，就像被生活打敗了很多次。A.tired勞累的；疲憊的；B.delighted高興的；C.confused困惑的；D.satisfied滿足的。根據后文“asiflifehadbeatenherdowntoomanytimes.”可知，她生活并不如意，臉上應是疲憊的神情。故選A項。【2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當收銀行最終告知她費用的時候，她的臉變得蒼白。A.way方法；B.order訂單；C.cost費用；D.option選擇。根據前文“AsIstoodinlinewaitingtocashoutatastore”可知，這是發生在收銀臺的事情，收銀員應該是告訴女士所有物品的費用。故選C項。【3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她打開破舊的錢包開始數零錢。A.exchanging交換；B.counting數；C.borrowing借入；D.searching搜尋。根據后文“Itwasobviousthatshedidn’thaveenough”可知，她數了數自己的零錢，發現不夠支付所買的物品。故選B項。【4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她把東西一件一件拿出來，但還是湊不夠（付款的費用）。A.replaced代替；B.sold賣；C.removed移除；拿開；D.provided提供。根據前文“Itwasobviousshedidn’thaveenoughmoney.”可知，女士沒有帶夠錢，她把東西一件又一件拿出來，放棄了一些東西。故選C。【5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我走上前，悄無聲息地指了指那個女人拿出來的東西，把我所有的肉和鮮奶都加了進去，小聲對收銀員說:“請單獨的袋子，同一個賬單。”A.unreasonably不合理地；B.uncomfortably不舒適地；C.unwillingly不愿意地；D.unnoticeably不知不覺地；不易察覺地。根據下文“I_______howIcouldputthebagswithextrathingsintohercartwithoutbeingcaught.”可知，作者不想讓這位女士知道自己幫助了她，因此悄無聲息地，不易讓人察覺地指了指那些她拿出來的東西。故選D。【6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.Useful有用的；B.Separate分開的；C.Regular有規律的；D.Large大的。根據下文“Iquicklyplacedthetwoextrabagsintohercartwhileshewasbackwiththeoranges.”可知，作者把多余的東西悄悄地塞進了那個女士的購物車。可推知作者讓收銀員將自己之前的物品和那位女士挑過的物品分開裝。故選B。【7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我想知道怎樣才能把裝著多余東西的袋子放進她的手推車而不被抓住。A.remembered記住；B.explained解釋；C.expected期待；D.wondered想知道。根據下文“Mydearcashiersolvedtheproblemby“accidentally”rollingseveralorangessohardthattheyflewpasttheladyandontothefloor.(我親愛的收銀員解決了這個問題，他“不小心”把幾個橙子滾得太用力，以至于它們從那位女士身邊飛到了地板上。)”和“Iquicklyplacedthetwoextrabagsintohercartwhileshewasbackwiththeoranges.(當她拿著橙子回來時，我迅速地把兩個額外的袋子放進了她的購物車。)”可知，作者想知道如何把購物袋放進女士的購物車不被發現時，收銀員把橙子掉在了地上，女士幫忙去撿拾，借此機會作者把袋子放進了女士的購物車。故選D。【8題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：“我來拿。”女人好心地說，然后跑去撿掉在地上的水果。A.dealwith處理；應付；B.cleanoff消除；C.pickup拾起；D.lookfor尋找。根據上文“Mydearcashiersolvedtheproblemby“accidentally”rollingseveralorangessohardthattheyflewpasttheladyandontothefloor.(我親愛的收銀員解決了這個問題，他“不小心”把幾個橙子滾得太用力，以至于它們從那位女士身邊飛到了地板上。)”可知，女士去幫忙撿拾掉在地上的橙子。故選C。【9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“謝謝你的耐心，”她在離開前回答道。A.patience耐心；B.generosity慷慨；C.courage勇氣；D.honesty誠實。根據前文“Someonebehindmewasupsetandcomplained.“Nevermind,”Isaidtotheyoungladywhosefaceturnedred,“takeyourtime.”(我身后的一個人很不高興，開始抱怨。“沒關系，”我對那位臉色變紅的年輕女士說，“慢慢來。”)”可推斷，此處女士謝謝作者的耐心等待。故選A。【10題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上，我想到了那位年輕的女士，我希望她正與家人享受豐盛的晚餐，我默默祝愿她的生活能很快有個轉機。A.shortcut捷徑；B.turn轉變；C.chance機會；D.risk危險。根據前文“asiflifehadbeatenhermanytimes”等的講述可知，女士生活窘迫，結合“Isentasilentwish”可推斷，作者默默地祝福女士的生活會有個好的轉變。故選B。第二節語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenIstartedteachingsciencelastyear,Iwasn’tvery____11____(success).Icouldtellfrommystudents’behaviourthattheyfoundmylessonquiteboring.IfeltquitealotofstressbutthenIrealizedthatIneededtomakeachange.Idecidedtousealotmorepractical____12____(example)andexperimenttohelpthestudentsseewhatI____13____(talk)aboutinsteadofjustlistening.Ialsochangedmyteachingapproachtoinvolvingmoregroupwork.Fortunately,itworkedandnowmystudentstellmetheylovemyclasses.〖答案〗11.successful12.examples13.wastalking##talked【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者當老師的經歷。【11題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：當我去年開始教科學的時候，我不是很成功。空處作系動詞wasn’t的表語，應填形容詞successful，表示“成功的”。故填successful。【12題詳析】考查可數名詞復數。句意：我決定用更多的實際例子和實驗來幫助學生明白我在說什么，而不僅僅是聽。空處由alotmore“許多”修飾，應填可數名詞example的復數形式examples，表示“例子”。故填examples。【13題詳析】考查時態。句意：我決定用更多的實際例子和實驗來幫助學生明白我在說什么，而不僅僅是聽。分析句子且根據空前謂語動詞decided以及句意可知，空處謂語動詞可指過去發生的事實，用一般過去時talked，也可指過去在某一時間段或某一段時間內正在發生或進行的動作，用過去進行時wastalking。故填wastalking/talked。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。Arecentstudyfoundthatextremeenvironmentalchangecouldcausean“extinctiondominoeffect.”____14____itmayseemunimportantifweloseoneratspecies,itmattersbecauseallspecies____15____(connect)throughtheirinteractionsinaweboflife.Abalancedecosystemisoneinwhicheachspeciesplaysanimportantroleandreliesontheservicesprovidedbyotherspecies____16____(survive).Healthyecosystemsaremoreproductiveandresistanttodisruptions.〖答案〗14.While##Although##Though15.areconnected16.tosurvive【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了最近的一項研究發現，極端的環境變化可能導致“滅絕多米諾效應”，因為所有的物種都是通過它們在生命網中的相互作用而聯系在一起的。一個平衡的生態系統是指每個物種都發揮重要作用，并依靠其他物種提供的服務來生存的生態系統。所以健康的生態系統更具生產力，更能抵御破壞。【14題詳析】考查連詞。句意：如果我們失去了一個老鼠物種，這似乎并不重要，但這很重要，因為所有的物種都是通過它們在生命網中的相互作用而聯系在一起的。逗號前后句子是轉折關系，應用連詞while/although/though表示轉折，引導狀語從句，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫。故填While/Although/Though。【15題詳析】考查時態和語態。句意：如果我們失去了一個老鼠物種，這似乎并不重要，但這很重要，因為所有的物種都是通過它們在生命網中的相互作用而聯系在一起的。空處在because引導的狀語從句中作謂語，句子描述一般性事實，應用一般現在時，且主語allspecies和動詞connect是被動關系，應用一般現在時的被動，主語是復數，故填areconnected。【16題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：一個平衡的生態系統是指每個物種都發揮重要作用，并依靠其他物種提供的服務來生存的生態系統。此處應用不定式作目的狀語，其中“providedbyotherspecies”是作后置定語，修飾services，故填tosurvive。C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。Inthe17thcentury,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts,andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei,____17____provedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecenteroftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoone____18____(come)totheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallenge____19____theyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Itisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideasastheyhadbeenputforward____20____thegreatphilosopherAristotle.〖答案〗17.who18.coming19.what20.by【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在17世紀，人們更相信教會而不是事實，所以像伽利略這樣證明“地球不是宇宙的中心”的人，經常受到教會的懲罰，而人們愿意相信由偉大的哲學家亞里士多德提出的原始思想。【17題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：在17世紀，人們更相信教會而不是事實，像伽利略這樣證明“地球不是宇宙的中心”的人，經常受到教會的懲罰，沒有人為他們辯護。“_____provedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecenteroftheuniverse”,”是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是GalileoGalilei，指人，且從句中缺少主語，應用關系代詞who來引導，故填who。【18題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在17世紀，人們更相信教會而不是事實，像伽利略這樣證明“地球不是宇宙的中心”的人，經常受到教會的懲罰，沒有人為他們辯護。此處是with復合結構，with+賓語+賓語補足語，noone和動詞come是主動關系，應用現在分詞形式，作賓語補足語。故填coming。【19題詳析】考查賓語從句。句意：教會和許多人傾向于忽視事實，不想挑戰他們一直以來的信仰。空處引導賓語從句，從句缺少動詞believed后面的賓語，表示“……的事情/東西”，應用what來引導。故填what。【20題詳析】考查介詞。句意：人們愿意相信這些由偉大的哲學家亞里士多德提出的原始思想，這并不奇怪。由現在完成時的被動hadbeenputforward可知，此處表示“由偉大的哲學家亞里士多德提出”應用介詞by。故填by。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節，38分)第一節(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASurroundingScienceAnewScienceMuseumappexplorescommonobjectsintheworldaroundyou.Ifyou’veplayedthemobilegamePokémonGo,you’llknowthatitsmonsterscanbefoundwhereveryouwalk.NowthetechnologybehindthatgameisbeingusedforanewappfromtheScienceMuseum.It’scalledWonderlabARandisfreetodownloadfromtheappstoresonAppleandAndroidmobilephones.Theaimistoencouragepeopletogetoutsideandlearnaboutthescienceinoureverydayenvironment—fromtrafficlightsandelectriccarchargingpointstocashpoints,telephonesandeventoilets.Insteadofcatchingmonsters,inthisgameyou’relookingfor“discoveries”(astheappcallsthem)fromdifferentfieldsofscience:includingelectricity,forces,light,mathsandsound.Theappusesaugmented-reality(AR)technologyfromacompanycalledNiantic,whichisbestknownasthedeveloperofPokémonGo.That’swhyWonderlabARlooksquitealotlikethatgame,showingyouamapofthe“discoveries”inyourcurrentlocationintherealworld.You’llseethemonthemapbuttocollectthem,youhavetowalktotheirreal-worldlocation.AlthoughtheScienceMuseumisinLondon,theappworksanywhereinthecountryandtherearelotsofthingstodiscovernearyou.Alongsidetheapp,thereisalsoanewwebsitefromtheScienceMuseumcalledWonderlab+(tinyurl.com/TWJ-Wonderlab).Thissiteisforyoungpeopleagedsevento15yearsoldandisamixtureoffunmathsandsciencehands-onactivities,includingYouTubevideos,onlinequizzes,questionsandgames.BoththeappandwebsitearebasedontheWonderlabgalleriesthatpeoplecanvisitattheScienceMuseuminLondonandtheNationalScienceandMediaMuseuminBradford,England.TheappandwebsiteallowpeoplewholiveinotherpartsoftheUKtolearnmoreaboutthescienceofeverydayobjectsandexperiencetheexhibitions.21.WiththenewappWonderlabAR,youcan________.A.learnaboutsciencearoundyouB.visitthesciencemuseumonlineC.catchmonsterslikeinPokémonGoD.locateanysciencemuseumsnearby22.Fromthepassage,weknowthatWonderlab+________.A.isdesignedforbothchildrenandadultsB.answerspeople’squestionsaboutscienceC.sharesvariousresourcesaboutscienceD.providesachancetoexperimentinthelabs23.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto________.A.invitepeopletogotothesciencemuseumB.attractchildren’sattentiontosciencelearningC.introduceanewsciencemuseumappandawebsiteD.comparethedifferencesbetweentheappandthewebsite〖答案〗21.A22.C23.C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一款新的應用軟件WonderlabAR，使用該App可以探索你生活環境中的科學常識。同時文章還介紹了相關的科學網站——Wonderlab+。【21題詳析】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Theaimistoencouragepeopletogetoutsideandlearnaboutthescienceinoureverydayenvironment.(目的是鼓勵人們走出去，在我們的日常環境中學習科學。)”，可知，應用WonderlabAR該軟件，可以了解周圍的科學常識。故選A。【22題詳析】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Thissiteisforyoungpeopleagedsevento15yearsoldandisamixtureoffunmathsandsciencehands-onactivities,includingYouTubevideos,onlinequizzes,questionsandgames.(該網站面向7至15歲的年輕人，包含有趣的數學和科學實踐活動，包括YouTube視頻、在線測驗、問題和游戲。)”可知，Wonderlab+網站分享各種科學資源。故選C。【23題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“NowthetechnologybehindthatgameisbeingusedforanewappfromtheScienceMuseum.(現在，這款游戲背后的技術被用于科學博物館的一款新應用程序。)”以及第二段中“It’scalledWonderlabARandisfreetodownloadfromtheappstoresonAppleandAndroidmobilephones.(它被稱為WonderlabAR，可以從蘋果和安卓手機的應用商店免費下載。)”以及倒數第二段中“Alongsidetheapp,thereisalsoanewwebsitefromtheScienceMuseumcalledWonderlab+).(除了這款應用，科學博物館還推出了一個名為Wonderlab+的新網站。)”可知，文章的目的是向讀者們介紹一個新的科學App和科學網站。故選C。BAlejandroBuxton’scandlebusinessstartedwithaheadache.The12-year-old’smomsuffersfromallergies,andsomethingintheirhousewascausingherheadtohurt.Aftergoingtothehospital,theydiscoveredthecauseoftheheadache:thecandles.Hismomhadnochoicebuttogetridofthescented(有香味的)items.However,heknewhismotherreallylovedcandles.Toliftherspirits,hesetupalabinthefamily’skitcheninthefallof2019andmadeacandleusingonlynaturalingredients,suchassoyandcoconutwaxes(蠟)andessentialoils.Chemicalsinheroldcandleswerecausingtheheadaches.HenamedhisfirstproductJurassicOrange,whichissimilartothefruitincolorandsmell.JurassicOrangewasahitwithhismom,whoseheadachesdisappeared.ButAlejandrowasn’tdoneexperimenting.Withinafewmonths,hehadaboutsixscents,includingChunkySweatersandCozySocks,whichsmellslikeafruitdrinkmixedwithapineforest.InSeptember2020,heputhisfirstcollectionofcandlesonEtsy,theonlinemarketplacethatspecializesinhandmadegoods.Healsosoldcandlesatseasonalmarkets,suchastheoneindowntownD.C.wherethevicepresidentwasshoppingforholidaygiftslastyear.Herecommendedtwocandlestothevicepresident.Shetooksomeofhisadvice.JesseBenites,generalmanagerofabigshoppingmall,saidthevicepresident’svisit“skyrocketed”Alejandro’sfame.AseniormanagercontactedAlejandroandinvitedhimtorentoneofthe12retailcartsatthemall.OnSeptember1,2022,SmellofLoveCandlesopenedonthesecondleveloftheshoppingcenter.Alejandroisthemall’syoungestbusinessowner.Insidethemall,Alejandroturnedalargeroomintohisproductionfacility,whereheandhisstaffmake600to700candlesaweek.Therewerealtogether25scentsontheshelf.Hecontinuedtomakenewscentsandwantedtoseeallhiscandlesineverysinglehouseholdandloveandjoycomeintothehouses.Alejandro’scandlebusinessmakesagoodprofit,butforhim,themoneyheearnedisnotjustforhisowncollegefundbutforlocalcharities.24.Alejandrostartedhisbusinessbecausehewantedto________.A.solvehismother’sproblemB.earnsomemoneyforthefamilyC.makemorepeoplelovecandlesD.changethewaycandlesaremade25.WhatdoweknowaboutSmellofLoveCandles?A.Itwasvisitedbythevicepresident.B.ItmainlysellscandlesontheInternet.C.Itteachespeoplehowtomakecandles.D.Itwilloffernewscentsofthecandles.26.ThemoneyAlejandromadewillbeusedto____.A.openmorechainstoresB.helpmorepeopleinneedC.inventnewscentsofthecandlesD.promotehiscandlestomorefamilies27.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeAlejandro?A.Organizedandloving. B.Smartandoutgoing.C.Caringandcreative. D.Generousandhonest.〖答案〗24.A25.D26.B27.C【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了12歲的少年亞歷杭德羅·巴克斯頓做蠟燭生意的原因以及經歷。【24題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段前兩句“However,heknewhismotherreallylovedcandles.Toliftherspirits,hesetupalabinthefamily’skitcheninthefallof2019andmadeacandleusingonlynaturalingredients,suchassoyandcoconutwaxes(蠟)andessentialoils.（然而，他知道他的母親真的很喜歡蠟燭。為了讓她振作起來，2019年秋天，他在家里的廚房里建立了一個實驗室，只用大豆、椰子蠟和精油等天然原料制作了一支蠟燭。）”可知，亞歷杭德羅開始做蠟燭生意是因為他想解決他媽媽的問題。故選A項。【25題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章倒數第二段最后兩句“Therewerealtogether25scentsontheshelf.Hecontinuedtomakenewscentsandwantedtoseeallhiscandlesineverysinglehouseholdandloveandjoycomeintothehouses.（架子上總共有25種香味。他繼續制作新的香味，并希望看到他所有的蠟燭進入每一個家庭，愛和喜悅進入每一個家庭。）”結合上文可知，SmellofLoveCandles將提供新的蠟燭香味。故選D項。【26題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章最后一段“Alejandro’scandlebusinessmakesagoodprofit,butforhim,themoneyheearnedisnotjustforhisowncollegefundbutforlocalcharities.（亞歷杭德羅的蠟燭生意利潤頗豐，但對他來說，他賺的錢不僅用于自己的大學基金，還用于當地的慈善機構。）”可知，亞歷杭德羅賺的錢會被用來幫助更多需要幫助的人。故選B項。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段的最后一句“Withinafewmonths,hehadaboutsixscents,includingChunkySweatersandCozySocks,whichsmellslikeafruitdrinkmixedwithapineforest.（幾個月內，他就有了大約六種氣味，包括厚實的毛衣和舒適的襪子，聞起來像混合了松林的水果飲料。）”結合上文可推知，亞歷杭德羅是一個極具創造力的人。再根據文章最后一段“Alejandro’scandlebusinessmakesagoodprofit,butforhim,themoneyheearnedisnotjustforhisowncollegefundbutforlocalcharities.（亞歷杭德羅的蠟燭生意利潤頗豐，但對他來說，他賺的錢不僅用于自己的大學基金，還用于當地的慈善機構。）”可推知，他還是一個有愛心的人。故選C項。CScientistsaregettingabetterlookattheuniversethankstothenewJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)—thelargest,mostpowerfulspacetelescopeeverbuilt.ItwassentintospaceonarocketonDec.25,2021andisnowlocatedabout1.6millionkilometresawayfromEarth.Itmovesaroundthesun,keepinginlinewithEarth.ScientistsreleasedthefirstimagestakenbythetelescopeinJuly2022.Oneoftheseimagesshowsthemostdistantviewoftheuniverseeverseen.OtherimagesfromtheJWSTincludeJupiterandMars,aswellastwoexoplanets(planetsnotinourownsolarsystem).Thetelescopehasalsocaptured(捕獲)imagesoftheSouthernRingNebula,acloudofgassurroundingadyingstar,aswellastheCarinaNebula,wherenewlyformingstarscanbeseen.TheJWSTobservesonlyinfraredlight.Thefurtherawaysomethingisintheuniverse,thelongerittakesforitslighttoreachusonEarth.Aslighttravelsthroughspace,itstretchesoutintolongerandlongerwavelengths.Asitgetslonger,itbecomesinvisibletohumans,andiscalledinfraredlight.BecausetheJWSTseesinfraredlight,itisabletoseefurtheraway—andfurtherbackintime—thanothertelescopes.Italsorecordsmoredetailsoftheobjectsitobserves.Scientistshopethiswillhelpthemlearnmoreabouttheoriginsoftheuniverse,andbetterunderstandthingslikeblackholes,orhowplanetsandgalaxiesareformed.TheimagesthetelescopesendsbacktoEarthdonotlooklikethephotographsweseefromscientists.BecausetheJWSTrecordsonlyinfraredlight,theimagesitsendsbackappearblacktoahumaneye.However,theyactuallycontainmanydifferentshadesofgreythatrepresentdifferentwavelengthsofinfraredlight.Scientistsworkingwiththeimagesusefilters(過濾器)toseparatethedifferentwavelengths.Thentheygiveeachwavelengthadifferentcoloursoitcanbeseenbyahumaneye.Whenallofthesefilteredlayers(層)ofcolourarecombined,theycreatethecolourfulpicturesthatscientistssendout.Addingcolourtotheimagesnotonlymakesthemmoreinterestingforpeopletolookat.Italsohelpsscientistsseemoredetailsintheimages,whichwillhelpthembetterunderstandwhattheyarelookingat.28.AccordingtoParagraph3,theinfraredlight________.A.isthelightfromnearbystarsB.cannotbeseenbyhumaneyesC.reachestheearthearlierthanotherlightsD.travelsinspacewithshorterwavelength29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThepicturessentbackbyJWSTarebeautiful.B.JWSTgoesaroundinthesamewayasthesundoes.C.TheformationoftheblackholeswasrecordedbyJWST.D.JWSThasshownthefarthestviewoftheuniversebynow.30.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.HowscientistsuseJWSTtotakephotos.B.WhyJWSTisbetterthanothertelescopes.C.WhatscientistsdiscoversinspacewithJWST.D.HowJWSThelpsscientistsexplorethespace.〖答案〗28.B29.D30.D【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了JWST望遠鏡是如何幫助幫助科學家探索太空的。【28題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段中“Asitgetslonger,itbecomesinvisibletohumans,andiscalledinfraredlight.(隨著它的延長，人們看不見它，人類稱之為紅外線。)”可知，人們肉眼看不到紅外線，故選B。【29題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段中“ScientistsreleasedthefirstimagestakenbythetelescopeinJuly2022.Oneoftheseimagesshowsthemostdistantviewoftheuniverseeverseen.(2022年7月，科學家發布了該望遠鏡拍攝的第一批圖像。其中一張照片展示了有史以來最遙遠的宇宙景象。)”可知，JWST望遠鏡已經展示了宇宙的最遠景象。故選D。【30題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“ScientistsaregettingabetterlookattheuniversethankstothenewJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)—thelargest,mostpowerfulspacetelescopeeverbuilt.(多虧了新的詹姆斯·韋伯空間望遠鏡望遠鏡（JWST），科學家們對宇宙有了更好的了解。)”，第二段中“ScientistsreleasedthefirstimagestakenbythetelescopeinJuly2022.(2022年7月，科學家發布了該望遠鏡拍攝的第一批圖像。)”，第三段中“TheJWSTobservesonlyinfraredlight.(JWST只能觀察到紅外線。)”，第四段中“BecausetheJWSTseesinfraredlight,itisabletoseefurtheraway—andfurtherbackintime—thanothertelescopes.(由于JWST能夠看到紅外線，因此它能夠比其他望遠鏡看到更遠的距離——以及更久遠的過去。)”，第五段中“TheimagesthetelescopesendsbacktoEarthdonotlooklikethephotographsweseefromscientists.(望遠鏡傳回地球的圖像與我們從科學家那里看到的照片不一樣。)”可知，文章第一段指出JWST望遠鏡幫助科學家對宇宙有更好的了解，接著下文介紹了JWST望遠鏡是如何幫助幫助科學家探索太空的，由此可知，文章主要講述了JWST望遠鏡是如何幫助幫助科學家探索太空的，故選D。DSlowschoolsandsloweducationcanrefertodifferentaspectsofeducation.Somepeopleusethetermslowschoolstorefertoschoolsthatareattemptingtobringslowfoodtothecafeteriaordiningroom.Forothersithasfarmoreimplicationsandincludesaspectsofconnectiontoknowledge,tradition,moralpurposeandallthatisimportantinlife.Inthissenseitreferstothecurriculum(課程),thewayitisdelivered,theprocessoflearning,managementoftheschool,andevenifschoolisthebestvehiclethroughwhichtoeducateourchildren.Sointhissense,itreferstobringingtheslowmovementintoeducation.InmanyWesterncountriesthathaveAnglo-Saxonorigins,governmentsandschoolshavestrictcontrolstructuresinplaceandschoolsaredrivenbystandardisedcurriculawithtestsandtargetstoensureuniformoutcomes.Theemphasisisontheoutcomenotontheprocess.Theprocessisaboutthingslikehowideasareconceptualised,howcanwesupportlearningandtheknowingofhowtolearn,aswellastheloveoflearningandinvestigating.Sloweducationisalsoaboutconnectiontoknowledgeandtolearning—reallearning.Itisaboutdoingnoharmandhavingrespectforalllivingandnon-livingthings.Sloweducationisaconceptof‘ecologicalliteracy’.MichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlowhaveputtogetheracollectionofauthorsinEcologicalLiteracy:EducatingourChildrenforaSustainableWorldtogiveuswaystoadapttothewayweliveonEarthandthewaywecaneducateourchildrentotheirhighestcapacities.Thisbookisrecommendedtoparentsandeducatorswhoareengagedincreativeeffortstodevelopnewcurriculaandimprovechildren’secologicalunderstanding.Sloweducationisaboutsupportingourchildrentodevelopvaluesandethics(道德規范)thatwillenablethemtoliveajoyouslifeintheslowlane.ThesimilaritiesofdebateaboutFastFoodvsSlowFoodandthedebateaboutFastSchoolsvsSlowSchoolsareself-evidentuponreflection.Fastschoolslikefastfoodarenotconcernedwiththeprocess,preparationandconnection.Theyareconcernedwiththestandardisedendproductwhichinthecaseofschoolsistheresultsfromstandardisedtestsandtargets,andinthecaseoffoodisthestandardisedhamburgerorfriedchickenetc.，thatlooklikeallotherstheoutletproducequickly.Theprocessofeducationisnotaboutsupplyingstudentswithlumpsofinformationtoberepeatedondemand.Itisaboutenablingstudentstolearnhowtolearn.Itisalsoaboutgivingthemopportunitiestohearwhatothershavelearnt(knowledge)andtothendiscuss,argue,andreflectonthisknowledgetogainagreaterunderstandingofitstruthforthemandofhowthisknowledgewillbeofusetothem.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“uniformoutcome”inParagraph2mean?A.Thesameresults. B.Theuniquecourses.C.Thepositiveeffects. D.Thespecialclothes.32.WhydoesthewritermentionMichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlow’sbook?A.Topresentthepurposeofsloweducation.B.Toencouragepeopletodevelopnewcourses.C.Toprovesloweducationispopularamongparents.D.Tooffermaterialstolearnaboutecologicalliteracy.33.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Educationisamirrorreflectingtheworld.B.Peopleshouldrethinkwhattoteachinschools.C.Weshouldreflectonourselvesonadailybasis.D.Betterreadingskillsshouldbeattainedinschool.34.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SlowSchools-connectingchildrentolife.B.SlowFood--turningschoolsintoanewstyle.C.SlowEducation--helpingstudentsgetbettergrades.D.SlowMovement--beingdifferentfromthefastworld.〖答案〗31.A32.D33.B34.A【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹“慢教育”理念和益處。【31題詳析】詞句猜測題。由文章第二段“InmanyWesterncountriesthathaveAnglo-Saxonorigins,governmentsandschoolshavestrictcontrolstructuresinplaceandschoolsaredrivenbystandardisedcurriculawithtestsandtargetstoensureuniformoutcomes(在許多起源于盎格魯撒克遜的西方國家，政府和學校都有嚴格的控制結構，學校由標準化的課程和考試目標驅動，以確保uniformoutcomes。)”可知，學校用的是標準化的課程，所以應該是想要一樣的教育結果。所以猜測uniformoutcomes是“相同的結果”。故選A項。【32題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“Sloweducationisaconceptof‘ecologicalliteracy’.MichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlowhaveputtogetheracollectionofauthorsinEcologicalLiteracy:EducatingourChildrenforaSustainableWorldtogiveuswaystoadapttothewayweliveonEarthandthewaywecaneducateourchildrentotheirhighestcapacities.Thisbookisrecommendedtoparentsandeducatorswhoareengagedincreativeeffortstodevelopnewcurriculaandimprovechildren’secologicalunderstanding.(慢教育是“生態素養”的概念。邁克爾·斯通（MichaelStone）和澤諾比亞·巴洛（ZenobiaBarlow）在《生態素養：為可持續世界教育我們的孩子》（EcologicalLiterature:EducationourChildrenforaSustainableWorld）一書中匯集了一批作者，為我們提供了適應地球生活方式的方法，以及我們能夠以最高能力教育孩子的方法。這本書推薦給那些致力于開發新課程和提高兒童生態理解的家長和教育工作者。)”可知，作者提到他們的書是為了提供學習生態素養的材料。故選D項。【33題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“InmanyWesterncountriesthathaveAnglo-Saxonorigins,governmentsandschoolshavestrictcontrolstructuresinplaceandschoolsaredrivenbystandardisedcurriculawithtestsandtargetstoensureuniformoutcomes.Theemphasisisontheoutcomenotontheprocess.(在許多起源于盎格魯撒克遜的西方國家，政府和學校都有嚴格的控制結構，學校由標準化的課程和考試目標驅動，以確保統一的結果。重點是結果，而不是過程。)”以及后文可知，現在很多西方國家的學校都只在乎結果而不在乎過程，而我們應該更注意學生學習的過程。所以我們應該重新思考在學校怎么教學生，教什么內容。故選B項。【34題詳析】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“Theprocessofeducationisnotaboutsupplyingstudentswithlumpsofinformationtoberepeatedondemand.Itisaboutenablingstudentstolearnhowtolearn.Itisalsoaboutgivingthemopportunitiestohearwhatothershavelearnt(knowledge)andtothendiscuss,argue,andreflectonthisknowledgetogainagreaterunderstandingofitstruthforthemandofhowthisknowledgewillbeofusetothem.(教育的過程并不是向學生提供大量信息，供他們根據需要重復。它是關于讓學生學會如何學習的。這也是為了讓他們有機會傾聽他人所學（知識），然后討論、辯論和反思這些知識，從而更好地了解這些知識的真實性，以及這些知識對他們有何用處。)”以及前文可知，文章主要“慢教育”理念和益處，所以A項SlowSchools-connectingchildrentolife(慢教育-將兒童與生活聯系起來。)符合文意。故選A項。第二節(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ecoducts:TheSafeWaytoCrosstheRoadHowdoesananimalcrossaroadsafely?Theshorta