1/112019-2020進(jìn)才階段測(cè)試II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Themostimportantdeterminingfactorofsuccessorfailure-atworkandlife-isself-awareness,theabilitytounderstandwhoweare,howothersseeus,andhowwefit__21__theworld.Formillionsofyears,theancestorsofhumansevolvedpainfullyslowly.However,about150,000yearsagotherewas__22__explosivedevelopmentinthehumanbrainwhere,amongotherthings,wegainedtheabilitytoexamineourownthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors,aswellastoseethingsfromanother'spointofview.Notonly__23__thistransformationcreatethefoundationforart,spiritualpracticesandlanguage,butitcamewithasurvivaladvantageforourancestors,__24__hadtoworktogetherinordertosurvive.__25__wemaynotfacethesameday-to-daythreatstoourexistence,self-awarenessisnolesscritical.Thereisstrongscientificevidencethatpeoplewhoknowthemselvesandhowothersseethemarehappier.Theyaresmarter,superiorstudents.Theyraisemorematurechildren.Theyalsotendtobemorecreative,confidentand__26__(aggressive).Butformostpeople,itiseasiertochooseself-delusion（自我欺騙）__27____27__thecoldhardtruth.Ourincreasingly"me"focusedsocietymakesiteasiertofallintothistrap.Recentgenerationshavegrownupinaworld__28__(obsess)withself-esteem,constantlybeingremindedoftheirspecialqualities.Ourassessmentsareoftenflawed（有缺陷）,andweareusuallyterriblejudgesofourownperformanceandabilities-fromleadershipskillstoachievementsatschoolandwork.What'sscaryis__29__theleastcompetentpeopleareusuallythemostconfidentintheirabilities.Howcanweavoidfate?Wemustworkontwospecifictypesofinsight.Internalself-awarenessisaninwardunderstandingofourpassionsandaspirations,strengthsandweaknessesandsoon.Andexternalself-awareness,knowinghowothersseeyou,__30__(mean)understandingyourselffromtheoutsidein.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.fictionB.especiallyC.supportingD.eliminateE.factuallyF.containG.exposingH.implicationI.distinguishJ.subtlyK.generateOneoftheunsettlingtrendsinrecentmonthshasbeenthephenomenonof'fakenews',whereaudiencesconsumeandsharenewsstoriesonsocialmediawhicharenot__31__correct.TheUSelectionrepresentedapeakinthespreadoffakenews,buttheproblemstillpersiststoday,inpartbecausefakenewsstoriesmakecontroversialclaimsthat__32__'hits'andadrevenue（收益）,thuscreatingafinancialincentivetoproducemorefakenews.Theworrying__33__offakenewsisthatitpromotesfalsebeliefsamongmembersofsociety,whichcouldresultinbaddecisionsbecausetheyarebasedon__34__ratherthanfact.Fortunately,computingexpertsbelievethatAItechnologyholdsthekeytocombatingthefakenewsphenomenon,__35__throughmachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing.MachinelearningItispossibletotrainamachinetodetectfakenewsthroughmachinelearning.By__36__amachinetothousandsoffakenewsarticles,aswellasthousandsofrealnewsarticles,themachinecanlearnpatternsfromwhichto__37__fakefromrealnews.Forinstance,fakenewsmayhavemoresensationalheadlines.Usingtheknowledgeithasacquired,themachinesisthenabletodetectwhetherafuturenewsarticleisfake,andwillcontinuetoupdateitsabilitytopredictfakenewsbasedonnewinput.NaturallanguageprocessingAnotherwaytodetectfakenewsisthroughnaturallanguageprocessing.Forexample,amachinecouldanalyzetherhetoricalstructureofanewsarticle,includingthecentralargument,the__38__evidenceoftheargument,andthetoneofthelanguage,todeterminewhetherthearticleismakingalogicalargumentsupportedbyevidenceorisinsteadmakingfalseandillogicalclaims.ButAIisnotunconquerableWhileAIcanhelp__39__theriseoffakenews,itisnotunconquerable.Itmayoccasionallymakemistakes,knownasTypeI(falsenegative)andTypeII(falsepositive)errors.Afalsenegativewouldresultinamachinela-bellingafakenewsarticleastrue,andafalsepositivewouldresultinamachinela-bellingatruenewsarticleasfake.AIshouldminimizesucherrors,butcannot__40__thementirely,especiallyiffakenewsproducersdiscernwaystomanipulatethemachineintomakingmistakes(suchasbyalteringthestructureoftheirarticles).III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.IfyouexaminethebirthcertificateofeverysoccerplayerinthelastWordCuptournament,youwillmostlikelyfindtheexcellentplayerswerebornintheearliermonthsoftheyear.IfyouthenexaminetheEuropeannationalyouthteamsintheWorldCup,youwillfindthisphenomenonevenmore__41__.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Someguessacertainastrologicalsign（星座）__42__superiorsoccerskills.Othersmaintainthatwinter-bornbabieshavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina.ButAndersonEricsson,a58-year-oldprofessor,believesinneither.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,centeredon__43__:trainingapersontohearandrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers."Withthefirstsubjectafter20hoursoftraining,hisdigitalspanroseto20",Ericsson__44__,"andafterabout200hoursoftraininghecouldrepeatupto80numbers."Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingmemoryitselfisnot__45__determined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingisacognitive（認(rèn)知的）exercise,whichmeanswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesare__46__byhowwelleachpersonencodestheinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownas__47__practice.Itdoesn'tmeansimplyrepeatingatask.__48__,itinvolvessteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone,settingspecificandwell-definedgoals,focusingon__49__areasofexpertise（專業(yè)知識(shí)）,obtainingimmediatefeedbackfromprofessionalsandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethusstartedstudyinghigh__50__inawiderangeoffields.Theygatherallthedatatheycanandmakearathershockingstatement:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighly__51__,andyes,expertperformersarenearlyalwaysmade.Ericsson'sformulaseemsappealingtomanytigerparents:"practicemakesperfect"isnaturally__52__togeneticdeterminism.By__53__innateabilityasinsignificant,manyareconfidenttheycanmakeaconcert-levelpianistoranOlympicfigureskateroftheirkidsaslongastheypushthemhardenough.Ericsson,__54__,believeswhatparentsshouldlearnfromthescienceofexpertiseisnottheeffectofpracticingthousandsofhours,buthowtogetkidsto__55__theimportanceandchallengeofeffectivepractice.41.A.understandableB.misleadingC.controversialD.noticeable42.A.promisesB.improvesC.compromisesD.masters43.A.sportsB.membershipC.memoryD.independence44.A.recoversB.recallsC.remindsD.refutes45.A.physicallyB.geneticallyC.fundamentallyD.psychologically46.A.alteredB.demonstratedC.strengthenedD.produced47.A.enjoyableB.deliberateC.desperateD.random48.A.BesidesB.NeverthelessC.ThereforeD.Instead49.A.variousB.comprehensiveC.targetedD.minor50.A.achieversB.conductorsC.organizersD.assistants51.A.mysteriousB.overratedC.fixedD.demanding52.A.equalB.inferiorC.preferableD.beneficial53.A.dismissingB.lackingC.admiringD.decaying54.A.likewiseB.thereforeC.besidesD.however55.A.studyB.practiceC.reflectD.embraceSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Hospitals,hoppingtoreducemedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smart-phonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas"distracteddoctoring".Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofelectronicdevices."Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,"saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter."Myinstinctivefeelingisthatlivesareindanger",saidDr.Papadakos."We'renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit'sgettingworse."Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,"Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous."Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantra（信條）ofmodernmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe"datadriven,"andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology"offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,"butheaddedthatdoctors'toppriorityshouldbewiththepatient.56.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"distracteddoctoring"?A.Theharmdonebymoderndevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.B.Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmoderndevices.C.Theproblemofelectronicdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.D.Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.57.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?A.Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemoderntechnology.B.Doctors'interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients'lives.C.Doctorarerelyingtooheavilyonmodernelectronictechnology.D.Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.58.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemoderndevices?A.Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.B.Useofmoderndevicesaddstohospital'srevenues（收益）.C.Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.D.Patient'sdatahavetobeerasedfromtimetotime.59.WhatisPeterCarmel'sadvicetodoctors?A.Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.B.Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatients'conditions.C.Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.D.Theymakethebestuseofmoderndevices.(B)HotAirBalloonSydneyFor2,WeekendFlightINCLUDESFULLGOURMET（美味的）BREAKFASTItem:HO12955TALocation:WindsorSydneyOurPrice:$299(perpersonforgroupsof2)HotAirBalloonFlightfor2(therewillbeothersintheballoonbasketwithyou)NOTHINGMORETOPAYONTHEDAY!YOURFULLGOURMETBREAKFASTISINCLUDEDINTHEPRICETravelwiththeTourismAwardwinnerswithover20yearsofexperienceFloatoverbeautifulHawkesburyValleyColorflightcertificateExperiencethewonderofaHotAirBalloonFlightfor2people.Risingbeforedawn,youcanjointhecrewinunpackingandpreparingtheballoonforflight,whichisaspectacleinitself!Afteranexcitinglaunch,you'lldriftwiththewindsilentlyoverthepark-lands,homesandhillsoftheHawkesburyregionofSydney.HotAirBallooningbeginsinthecool,stillhoursoftheearlymorning,whentheairismorestable.Thelaunchsite,determinedbytheweatheronthemorning,willbeinoraroundthebeautifulHawkesburyValley.Theadventurebeginsbyinflating（使…充氣）theballoonusingagiantportablefan.Oncetheballoonstartstotakeshape,theburnerislit,heatingtheairinside.ThehotairinsideislighterthanthecoolairoutsideandthisiswhatcreatestheliftandwhyitiscalledaHotAirBalloon.Passengersarewelcometoassistthepilotandcrewwithinflatingthehotairballoonatthelaunchsite,whichonlytakesabout20minutes.TheHotAirBalloonFlightfor2isbothpicturesqueandpeaceful.Youhearverylittlesoundfromtheawakeningworldbelow.Thesilenceisonlybrokenwithblastsfromthepropaneburnerheatingtheairinyourballoontokeepyoucruisingacrosstheskies.Watchasthesunburstsfromthehorizonandpaintstheskypinkinaspectacularmorningsunrise.Totopoffthemorningyou'llcelebratewithafullgourmetbreakfast.Thisadventureisfor2people.Therewillbeotherpeopleintheballoonbasketwithyou.HotAirBalloonflightstakeplaceatsunrise.TheexacttimeofyourHotAirBalloonflightexperiencewillvarybaseduponthetimeofyearandwillbesenttoyouuponbooking.60.WhydoesHotAirBallooningbeginbeforedawn?A.Touristsneedn'tqueuefortheflightB.Travelershavetostarttheadventurewiththeirstomachempty.C.Touristscanseethespectacularsunriseinthesky.D.Theairatthetimeiscoolerandmorestable.61.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheHotAirBalloonFlight?①Inflatetheballoon②Heattheairinside③DriftovertheHawkesburyregion④Theballoonrisesintothesky⑤LighttheburnerA.①⑤②④③B.⑤②④①③C.②⑤①④③D.①④⑤②③62.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?A.ThepeopleinthebasketarealltouristsB.Theburnerisoffaftertheballoonislaunched.C.Theballoonislaunchedatthefixedtimeandplace.D.Thosewhohaveexperiencedtheflightcangetacertificate.(C)It'srarethatyouseethewords"shyness"and"leader"inthesamesentence.Afterall,thecommonviewpointisthatthoseoutgoingandsociableguysmakegreatpublicspeakersandexcellentnet-workersandthatthoseshypeoplearenot.AsurveyconductedbyUSATodayreferredto65percentofexecutiveswhobelievedshynesstobeabarriertoleadership.Interestingly,thesamearticlestressesthatroughly40percentofleadersactuallyarequiteshy-they'rejustbetteratadaptingthemselvestosituationaldemands.BillGates,WarrenBuffetandCharlesSchwabareamongthegroup.Unliketheiroutgoingcounterpartswhoaremoresensitivetorewardsandrisk-taking,shypeopletakeacautiousapproachtochance.Ratherthantheflashychit-chatthatdefinessocialgathering,shypeoplelistenattentivelytowhatotherssayandabsorbitbeforetheyspeak.They'renotthinkingaboutwhattosaywhiletheotherpersonisstilltalking,butratherlisteningsotheycanlearnwhattosay.Alongthesamelines,shypeopleshareacommonloveoflearning.Theyareintrinsically（內(nèi)在地）motivatedandthereforeseekcontentregardlessofachievinganoutsidestandard.Beingshycanalsobringotherbenefits.Rememberbeinginschoolandhearingthesamekidscontribute,untilshylittleJohnny,whoalmostneversaidaword,cutin?Thenwhathappened?EveryoneturnedaroundtolookwithgreatrespectatlittleJohnnyactuallytalking.Thisishowshypeoplemadegooduseoftheirpowerofpresence:they"own"themomentbyspeakingcalmlyandpurposefully,whichtranslatesintoapositiveimage.Shynessisoftenrelatedtomodesty.Nottosaythatlimelight-seekersaren'tmodest,butshypeopletendtohaveanaccuratesenseoftheirabilitiesandachievements.Asaresult,theyareabletoacknowledgemistakes,imperfections,knowledgegapsandlimitations.Sinceshypeoplehavealowersensitivitytooutsiderewardsthanoutgoingones,they'remorecomfortableworkingwithlittleinformationandstickingtotheirinnerdesires.Shypeoplearealsomorelikelytoinsistonfindingsolutionsthataren'tprimarilyapparent.Don'tbelieveme?Maybeyou'llbelieveAlbertEinstein,whooncesaid,"It'snotthatI'msosmart:it'sthatIstaywithproblemslonger."Obviously,findingcertaintywhereuncertaintyistypicallypopularisahugeplusforanysuccessfulperson.Themyththatshypeoplearelesseffectiveleadersthantheiroutgoingfellowsisjustamisunderstanding.Makewiseuseofyourpersonalitystrengthtoleadyourbusinessnomatterwhatsideoftherangeyoufallon.63.WecanlearnfromParagraph2that________.A.shypeoplearesensitivetorewardsB.outgoingpeoplearemorecarefulaboutchancesC.shypeoplecaremoreaboutcontentD.outgoingpeopleconsiderwhattolearnwhilelistening64.TheexampleofJohnnyshows________.A.shypeoplemayhaveanadvantageindiscussionB.hardworkingstudentsspeaklittleinpublicC.somestudentskeepsilentonpurposeatschoolD.shypeoplearelikelytobemodest65.WecanlearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5that________.A.shynesscontributestopopularityB.successresultsfromdevotionC.outsideresultsfromdevotionD.uncertaintycountsmorethancertainty66.Theauthorsupportshisideasmainlyby________.A.makingcontrastsandgivingexamplesB.explainingproblemsandprovidingsolutionsC.quotingauthoritiesandmakingevaluationsD.givingdefinitionsandpresentingresearchresultsSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.VotersinSweden,Slovenia,HungaryandItalyfollowedsuit,givingtheirownright-wingpartiesaboostinparliamentaryelections.B.ButvoterstheE.U.aremovedlessbystatisticsandmorebythewidespreadperception（觀念）of"outofcontrol"migration.C.Whilenewcomersnowhavealargerimmigrantcommunitytorelyon,Germanshaveinarguablyhardenedagainstthem.D.Thecahllenge,migrantadvocatesays,istoavoidallowingshort-termpoliticalfearstohandicapEuropeaninlongrun.E.Europeanpopulistleadersplantousetheirnew-foundelectoralpowertogaincontroloftheEuropeanParliamentinelectionsinMay.F.Salvini,ItalyDeputyPrimeminister,characterizedmigrantsbroadlyas"criminals".ThesharpincreaseofnewmigrantstoEuropefromtheMiddleEastandAfricanwasdrivenbygeopolitics.WorseningwarsinSyriaandAfghanistanwerecompoundedbyISIS'snew-foundcontrolofathirdofIraq,authoritarianruledeepeninginEritreaandseriouslocalconflictsinWestAfrica.Buttherapidinflux（涌入）ofnewimmigrantstotheregionhacutbothways.________67________Innationalelectionlastyear,thefar-rightanti-immigrationpartyAlternativeforGermanynearlytripleditsvoteshare,winningitsfirst-everseatsinParliament（議會(huì)）--awithwidelyseenasaresoundcriticismofMerkel'simmigrationplatform.TheinfluxofnewmigrantstoEuropehasdroppeddramaticallysince2016.ArrivalsinEuropetodayareroughlyequivalenttowhattheywerein2014.________68________--languageoftenfueledandperpetuatedbypopulist（民粹主義）leaders,andtherhetoric（修辭）isworking.InelectionsacrosstheE.U.in2018,anti-immigrantpoliticians,campaigningonpromisestolimitthenumberofimmigrantsandprotectEurope's"Judeo-Christianculture,"havewonunprecedentedpower.VotersintheCzechRepublicreelectedtheanti-immigrantPresidentMilosZemaninJanuary2018and,ninemonthslater,elevatedtheanti-immigrantCivicDemocratstopowerduringSenateelections.________69________InItaly,thevirulentlyanti-immigrantpartyLegawonnearly18%ofvotes,morethanfourtimesthevotesithadjustfiveyearsago.Pollssuggestthatifanelectionwereheldagaintoday,itwouldbringin30%ofthevote.________70________That'sambitious,buthardlyfar-fetched.UnderE.U.law,populistpartiesmustcaptureonlyone-thirdoftheseats,andthenvoteinunison.Iftheydothat,theymighthavethepowertoinfluencetheE.U.commissionerswhocontrolEurope'sdivisiveimmigrationdecisions.AnOctoberstudybytheEuropeanCouncilonForeignRelationestimatedthatpopulistpartiescouldcaptureabout31%ofthetotalcotesinMay.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Sleepisanaturalpartofhumanlife,butmanypeopleinthemodernworldignoreitsimportance.Asaresult,sleepproblemsareincreasinglycommon.In2002,scientistsattheUniversityofAthensinGreececonductedasurveyofover35,000peoplein10countriesaroundtheworld,includingChina,BelgiumandSouthAfrica.Ofthepeoplethatrespondedtothesurvey,31.6percentwerediagnosedwithinsomnia（失眠）andanother17.5percentwerediagnosedwithborderline（臨界的）insomnia.Themainfactorscausingtheseproblemsarepressurefromschoolorworkandafastpaceoflife,butnoisepollutionandlightpollutionalsointerferewithsleepandcontributetopoorqualitysleep.Ifonesuffersfromsleepproblemsforalongtime,hisriskofputtingonweightandhavingaheartattack