閱讀理解專題一、命題概況1.文本信息、題型分布年份語篇體裁難度話題考點分布2023閱讀A應用文易人與社會：自行車租賃和雇傭導游等細節細節理解7題推理判斷5題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題觀點態度1題閱讀B記敘文易人與社會：凈化污水的生態機器閱讀C說明文中人與社會：數字極簡主義生活方式的優點閱讀D說明文難人與社會：“群體智慧”效應2022閱讀A應用文易人與社會：文學引用課的評分制度細節理解9題推理判斷3題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題文章來源1題閱讀B說明文中人與社會：實際行動減少食物浪費閱讀C新聞報道中人與社會：養雞提升老年人幸福感閱讀D說明文難人與社會：飲食變化帶來發音變化2021閱讀A應用文易人與社會：羅馬的四個旅館細節理解8題推理判斷2題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題標題歸納1題寫作意圖1題觀點態度1題閱讀B記敘文易人與社會：介紹鋼琴翻頁的職業閱讀C說明文中人與自然：濕地破壞，保護環境閱讀D說明文中人與自我：情商是品質還是技能2020閱讀A應用文易人與社會：詩歌邀請賽細節理解題7推理判斷題5詞義猜測題2寫作意圖題1閱讀B記敘文易人與自我：努力自有回報閱讀C說明文中人與社會：介紹一本有關烏茲別克斯坦游記的書閱讀D說明文中人與社會：就餐同伴對飲食習慣的影響2.考點分布2023新課標I卷2022新課標I卷2021新課標I卷2020新高考全國I卷閱讀理解細節理解7題推理判斷5題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題觀點態度1題細節理解9題推理判斷3題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題文章來源1題細節理解8題推理判斷2題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題標題歸納1題寫作意圖1題觀點態度1題細節理解題7推理判斷題5詞義猜測題2寫作意圖題1二、微技能提升1.細節定位和替換 通過題目中的提示，根據原詞復現、近義詞、反義詞等提示信息，定位到原文中的信息，并理解此信息，然后對應選項作出正確選擇。訓練信息定位能力和英英釋義的理解能力。此類題型屬于基礎題，學生應該盡可能不失分。范例1:2023新高考I卷ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.【思路解析】抓住題干中的關鍵詞start,對比原文后發現它是最后一段中depart的同義詞，因此定位到最后一段ThetourdepartsfromDamSquare.答案D便顯而易見。范例2：2021新高考I卷 BByday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’“RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”26.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages. B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects. D.Performinginhisownstyle.【思路解析】通過題干中的needtopractise，結合原文第四段首句Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.，定位到原文中四小節。接下來就需要正確理解這個小節的內容。注意提煉關鍵信息：Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.而在選項中，這些關鍵信息被替換為recognizethenodding。范例3:2022新高考I卷DHumanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結構),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn2tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“V”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.【思路解析】首先抓住題干中的關鍵詞difficult和producelabiodentals,對比原文便會發現difficult是第三段中hard的同義詞，而producelabiodentals則是原文信息復現，因此答案定位到第三段的Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals.造成唇齒音發音困難的原因是古代人類成年人的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的。再結合選項，ABD中的信息與原文信息有明顯的偏差，而C項中提到的下顎結構問題與原文信息相關，因此選C。練習1：POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.21.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.【思路解析】由題干中grandprize定位在原文Prizes部分第一句話——3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.（大獎獲得者有三名，其中每一名獲勝者都可獲得免費去華盛頓的旅游機會，并且可以帶一位家長——父親或者母親，和另一位獲獎者仔細選擇的人。因此，每位大獎獲得者可以帶2人免費參加履行。）注意正確理解各個數字代表的具體內容。選A。練習2：Now,EarthDayiscelebratedaroundtheworld.Westillfacemanychallenges,suchasclimatechange,plasticpollution,anddeforestation.Butwecanallmakeadifference.HerTreesSaveLivesAdelineTiffanieSuwanawas12whenherfamily’shomeflooded.Indonesia,herislandnation,isoftenhithardbyfloodsandothernaturaldisasters.Adelinelearnedthatmangrovetreesplayakeyroleinfloodprotectionandralliedclassmatestoplant200treesduringaschoolbreak.TheystartedagroupcalledSahabatAlamorFriendsofNature,whichworkstoconservetheregion’sbiodiversityandcombatclimatechange.Today,Adelineattendsuniversity,studyinghowbusinessescanhelptheenvironment.Teens’Two-FoldInventionEPS—expandedpolystyrenefoam—isthewhite,lightweightstuffusedtomakethingsliketakeoutfoodcontainers,foameggcartons,andpacking“peanuts”.Butittakesupalotofspaceandisdifficulttorecycle.EPSbreaksintosmallpiecesasitfloatsdownwaterwaysintooceans,harmingwildlifealongtheway.Eighth-gradersJuliaBray,LukeClay,andAshtonCoferlookedatEPS’schemicalmakeupandsawthatitwasmostlycarbon.Thatsparkedanidea.Couldtheyturnitintoactivatedcarbon,amaterialthatfilterstoxinsfromwater?After50hoursofexperiments,includingonethataccidentallysetthefamilygrillfire,theysucceeded!SolarforHerSchoolWhenClaireVlasesofMontanawasinseventhgrade,shelearnedaboutplanstoexpandandmodernizehermiddleschool.Claireaskedtheschoolboardtoaddsolarpanelstotheproject.Theboardlikedtheideabutsaiditcouldcontributejust$25,000,one-fifthofthecost.SoClaireorganizedagroupofkidsandadultswhosettoworkraisingtherest.Theyaskedfordonations,evengoingdoor-to-doorforthem.Andtheyappealedtocharitablefoundationstoo.Oneevendonatedhalfthecost!Aftertwoyearsofhardwork,thegrouppaidforthesolarpanels,whichnowsupplyone-fourthoftheschool’selectricityneeds.22.Howmuchdidoneofthecharitableorganizationsdonateforsolarpanels?A.$25,000. B.$50,000. C.$62,500. D.$125,000.【思路解析】由題干中鎖定關鍵詞charitableorganization,donatesolarpanels，定位在SolarforHerSchool這個部分，尤其是文章倒數第二段Theyaskedfordonations,evengoingdoor-to-doorforthem.Andtheyappealedtocharitablefoundationstoo.Oneevendonatedhalfthecost!向上一段追溯thecost的數額，可知$25,000,one-fifthofthecost（得出算式$25,000=1/5*thecost——thecost=$125,000）；最終可得出halfthecost=1/2*$125,000=$62,500。選C。練習3:LeavingourhostelinthecentreofPhnomPenh,weclimbinsideoursmallTukTukcabinattachedtothebackofKiwi'smotorbike;abottleofwaterinonehandandasurgeon-stylemaskintheotherwesetoffonour45-minutecommute.Itisafamiliarstarttothedayformeandtwoothervolunteers.WearesettingouttoworkinanorphanagejustoutsideCambodia'scapitalcity.ThemorningrushhourinPhnomPenhiscrowdedandchaotic.Kiwidirectsourpathbetweenthetrucks,4×4Lexus’andcountlessmotorbikes,whichoftencarryentirefamilies.Wereachthedustyhighway，masksandsunshadesfirmlyinplacetoprotectoureyesandlungs.Amixtureofconcretebuildingsandhutsexistalongthesideoftheroadamongaseaofrubbish.Theresidentsoftensmileandwaveaswepassby.Weturnontoafarmtrack.Thelastpartofourjourneyisarollercoaster,jumpingoutofpotholes（路面坑洼）andturningtoavoidfallingoffthesinkingroad.Wepasshutsonstilts（木樁），skinnycowsandfarmyardswherechildrenjumpandscreamuponseeingus.Thestreamalongthesideoftheroadisalmostbonedryandvegetationisrareacrossthefields.Finallywearriveatourdestination:theoasis（令人快慰的地方）isSamrongFarm.Bythegates，agroupof10-year-oldchildrencompeteintheareaofmarbles.We'regreetedbytheshoutsof“Cha,cha（shortfor‘teacher’）!”fromseveralotherkidsgatheringround.Asweclimboutofourvehicle，thesunisalreadyhotandtheoasisisasdryasthefieldssurroundingit.Insuchconditionsyouwouldimaginelifetobehard，butyouwouldn'tknowittoseethewarmsmilesandhearthelaughteroftheresidentsatSamrongOrphanage.ComparedtochildrenintheWesternWorldtheyhavelittleandyettheygivesomuchingenerosityofspiritandenthusiasmforeveryday.Despitethejourney,itissogoodtoarriveatworkinthemorning.24.Wherewastheauthorgoing?A.ToSamrongOrphanage. B.TotheoasisofSamrong.C.TothecapitalofCambodia. D.TothecentreofPhnomPenh.【思路解析】根據題干信息，我們可以在原文中定位到兩處信息，其一是第一段中的“WearesettingouttoworkinanorphanagejustoutsideCambodia'scapitalcity.”此處setout是題干中go的近義詞，由這句可知，“我們”要前往柬埔寨首都郊外的一家孤兒院工作，因此A項可選。但另一處信息可能會給學生產生干擾，即第四段段首的“Finallywearriveatourdestination:theoasis（令人快慰的地方）isSamrongFarm.”，學習易受到arriveat的干擾，誤選B項。事實上，此句中的oasis是一個暗喻，并非指具體的地方。練習4：Whenhumansarefeelinglonely,wecancallorvideochatwithfriendsandfamilywholivefaraway.But,scientistsasked,whataboutpetparrots?Newresearchsuggeststhatthesechattycreaturesmayalsobenefitfromvirtuallyconnectingwiththeirpeers.Theideaforthisstudywasnotrandom:Inthewild,parrotstendtoliveinlargegroups.Butwhenkeptinaspets,thesesocialbirdsareoftenontheirown.Feelingboredandlonely,theymaydeveloppsychologicalissuesandcaneventurntoself-harmingbehaviourslikepullingouttheirfeathers.Inthestudy,researcherswantedtoseewhether18petparrotscouldlearntomakeandreceivevideocallswhentheyneededtohelpreduceloneliness.Intheinitialstage,thebirdslearnttoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonatabletscreentostartacalltothatbird.Callswouldonlyworkwhencaregiverswereabletoassistatbothends.Inthesecondstage,theparrotscouldchoosetocallotherbirdsattheirownwillbyringingthebellthenselectingthebirdtheywantedtocall.Duringatwo-monthstudyperiod,ownerssaidtheyrecorded147deliberatecallsbetweenbirds.“Wesawsomereallyencouragingresultsfromthestudy,”saidresearchers.Theparrotsseemedtograspthattheyweretrulyengagingwithotherbirdsonscreenandtheirbehaviouroftenmirroredwhatwewouldexpectfromreal-lifeinteractionsbetweenthesetypesofbirds.“Shecamealiveduringthecalls,”onepetownersaidaboutherbird,accordingtoaNortheasternUniversitystatement.TheteamhaspreviouslydesignedsimilartechnologysuchasDogPhone,whichallowedpetdogstoshakeaballtocommunicatewiththeirowner.“TheanimalInternetisalreadyhere—therearehundredsofproductsonthemarketthatletpetownersinteractwiththeiranimalsremotelyoverthenet,buttheirdesignisprimarilyfocusedonwhathumanswant,notwhattheirpetsneed,”Hirskyj-DouglasfromtheUniversityofGlasgowadded.24.Whydidresearcherswanttoteachparrotstomakevideocalls?A.Toassesstheeffectsofvideocallsonanimals. B.Totrainparrots’communicationskills. C.Tohelpgetpetparrotsoutofbadmoods. D.Toimprovetherelationshipsbetweenparrots.【思路解析】分析題干Whydidresearcherswanttoteachparrotstomakevideocalls?確定問題重心：研究，研究對象parrots，任務makevideocalls，為什么有此任務？即任務的目的是什么？帶著關鍵詞，我們可以在原文中尋找“目的”的表達。定位在第三小節第一句話Inthestudy,researcherswantedtosee（目的）whether18petparrotscouldlearntomakeandreceivevideocallswhentheyneededtohelpreduceloneliness.而選項C.Tohelpgetpetparrotsoutofbadmoods.中用badmoods替換了原文的loneliness。而loneliness這個概念在原文第一二小節進行了鋪墊：根據文章第一節和第二節內容可知，寵物鸚鵡會感到無聊、孤獨，研究人員借鑒人們用視頻通話來消除孤獨的方法，看看鸚鵡會不會受益。所以研究的目的是為了幫助鸚鵡擺脫低落情緒。選C。2.細節推理判斷 此類題型屬于中高檔題，具有一定挑戰性，并非簡單的所見即所得。這類題型往往注重對學生思維力的考查，要求學生能基于對題干的理解準確定位信息，需要學生具備分析長難句、語篇等的能力，培養對于原有信息的分析再加工能力，才能實現對原文信息的準確理解。有時候還需結合選項，進行綜合的分析、推理，才能作出準確的判斷。范例1：2023新高考I卷BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeksithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【思路解析】題干中已經幫助我們鎖定文章第一二小節：根據第一段WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂）以及第二段Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?（在大學學習了農業、醫學和漁業之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？）可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。通過這兩段描述的細節，我們需要分析信息，并總結出答案C：Hehadaninquiringmind. 范例2:2023新高考I卷CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【思路解析】根據題干中的parttwo，答案可以在最后一段定位。在根據題干中的suggestreaders可以定位到最后一句話“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.”對這句話的準確理解是關鍵。這句話屬于長難句，句子結構比較復雜，句子的主干是Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolbox，meanttoaid...作后置定語修飾toolbox，后置定語中還包含了定語從句thatworksforyourparticularcircumstances，修飾lifestyle。整句話的意思是：你可以將這些實踐視為一個工具箱，旨在幫助你努力建立一種特定環境下適合你的極簡主義生活方式。視作工具箱與A項的意思相符。范例3：2023新高考I卷DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.33.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall B.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicate D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent【思路解析】此題重點是對題干中evenif（即使）的邏輯理解。根據第二段的Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.（從更專業的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的。）和第三段的Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項研究的關鍵發現是，當人群被進一步劃分為允許進行討論的小組時，這些小組的平均值比同等數量的獨立個體的平均值更準確。例如，從四個五人討論組的估計中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個獨立個體獲得的平均值更準確。）可知，人們在沒有獨立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準確的，說明即使在估計數字并非完全獨立的情況下，準確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。注意：復習過程中一定要注重英語思維能力的培養。這篇文章的中心詞并不是群體的大小，而是是否獨立思考（即實驗中設置的haveadiscussion或independentindividuals）。事實上文章中心句并不是第一段第一句“OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.”，而是最后一段最后一句“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.”，因為第三段已經有轉折，第四段是論證，第五段是結論——討論的重要性。因此第一段反而是背景，是本文觀點的起點，第二段是對第一段的解釋。可見，現在高考卷對學生思維能力要求很高，因此我們應該在解決詞匯、語法等基礎語言能力的基礎上，提升思維能力，能夠快速理順文章的邏輯關系。如何快速讀懂原文，理順邏輯關系？以上題為例：①要快速定位，根據題干Navajas’study確定第三段（根據第三段首句第一個詞的轉折意味，ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉折)onthisclassicphenomenon.此題也需要了解上一段所講述的內容）；②鎖定關鍵詞，簡化信息并予以圖示：解決說明文，一個有效方式就是mindmapThiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywas【thatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.】Forinstance（舉例為主旨服務）,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Para2view averageaccuracyrequireindependentestimatesPara3findingaverageaccuracy4smallgroups*520