英語五大基本句型及練習英語五大基本句型及練習

基本概念：與漢語相似，英語句子是由主語(subject),謂語動詞(verb),賓語(object),表語(predicative),狀語(adverbial),賓語補足語(objectcomplement)等成分組成，按照這些成分的組合方式英語句子可分為五種基本句型。

句型一：主語+不及物動詞

不及物動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念，

不需要賓語及補語，

但有時可有副詞，

介詞短語等狀語修飾語。

e.g.Therainstopped.

Theoldmanwalksinthepark.

句型一的擴展：1.主語+不及物動詞+狀語

e.g.Themachine

works

smoothly.(機器運轉正常。)

2.There+不及物動詞+主語

e.g.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.

Therecomesthebus.

3.主語+不及物動詞+動詞不定式

e.g.Theystoppedtotakeashortrest.(他們停下來稍作休息)

特別提醒

動詞stop可用作不及物動詞，也可用作及物動詞。作不及物動詞時,通常后接動詞不定式,表示停下來的目的是做另一件事。作及物動詞時，通常后接動名詞,表示停止做這件事。

e.g.Theystoppedtakingarest.

句型二

：主語+系動詞+表語

系動詞本身不能表達完整的意念沒，需要形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等來補充說明主語，也叫主語補語。

e.g.Mysisterisanurse.

Ifeelquitehungry.

Theballis

underthedesk.句型三：主語+及物動詞+賓語

及物動詞本身需要一個動作的接受者（賓語），才可以表達一個完整的意念。

e.g.WearelearningEnglish.

Doyouknowhim?

Yourradioneedsrepairing.

She

hopes

toseeheruncle.句型四：主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

有些及物動詞需要兩個賓語才能表達一個完整意念。

e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.

Givemethebook,please.

特別提醒

A.在此句型中，

通常是間接賓語（人）在前，直接賓語（物）在后，有時直接賓語和間接賓語可以對調，這時間接賓語前應加上適當的介詞。

e.g.Hermotherboughtaskirtforher.

Givethebooktome,please.

直接賓語與間接賓語對調時，間接賓語前加介詞to的動詞有：

give(給),tell(告訴),lend(借給),sell(賣),teach(教),send(寄給),write(寫給),show(出示),return(還給),bring(帶給),pass(遞給),leave(留給),offer(提供),hand(交給)

間接賓語前加介詞for的動詞有：

buy(買),choose(選擇),get(弄到),make(做),order(訂購),sing(唱歌),do(做),play(演奏)

B.如果直接賓語為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語前，且間接賓語前要加上適當的介詞。

e.g.

Ihandedittoourteacher.

不能說：Ihandedourteacherit.

C.此句型變為被動語態時，可分為兩種情況。

e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.

a.Shewasboughtaskirtbyhermother.

b.Askirtwasboughtforherbyhermother.句型五：主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語

及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外，

還需要一個名詞，形容詞，副詞,動詞不定式，分詞來補充說明賓語，才能表達一個完整的意念。

e.g.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.

Thenewsmadeussad.

Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.

Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.

Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.

Ifoundmymoneystolen.

特別提醒

A.現在分詞為賓語補足語時，賓語與現在分詞之間是主動關系；過去分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關系。

B.在let(讓)，make(使得)，have（請，讓，使得），see(看)，hear(聽到)，watch(觀看)，feel(感覺到)，listento(傾聽)，lookat(看到)，notice(注意到)等動詞后的賓語補足語如果為不定式，

則省掉”to”,但變為被動語態時，

則要帶”to”.

e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.

Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.

C.此句型變為被動語態時，只有一種情況。

e.g.Theysawhimstealtheoldman’smoney.

Hewasseentostealtheoldman’smoney.英語五大基本句型練習

1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou____.

a.

wait

b.towait

c.waiting

d.waited

2.Shefoundherdog___overbyacarontheroad.

a.run

b.ran

d.torun

d.running

3.Roseisgoingtohaveherhair_____.

a.do

b.done

c.did

d.doing

4.Shefeltsomebody___her.

a.touched

b.touches

c.touch

d.totouch

5.Shetaughthim_____speakEnglish.

a.how

b.howcouldhe

c.howhecould

d.howto

6.Hedidn’tenjoytheplaybecausehe____.

a.wasboring

b.bored

c.wasbored

d.boring

7.Iwillmakeyourdream____.

a.comestrue

b.tocometrue

c.comingtruly

d.cometrue

8.Hewarned____home.

a.ustonotgo

b.usnottogo

c.wenotgo

d.usnotgo

9.Cannedfooddoesnotgo____.

a.bedeasily

b.badlyeasy

c.badeasy

d.badlyeasily

10.Thesadnewskepther___allthenight.

a.awake

b.waken

c.wake

d.towake

11.Ithink____abadhabittogetuplate.

a.that

b.it

c.this

d.its

12.Hefoundhismoney_____.

a.steal

b.stealing

c.stolen

d.tosteal

13.Rosesinbloomsmell____.

a.sweetly

b.sweet

c.sweeten

d.sweetness

14.Wemusthavethemachine____.

a.torepair

b.repairing

c.repair

d.repaired

15.Shewaslyinginthesofa____abook.

a.reading

b.read

c.toread

d.toreading

16.Atelevisionsetwillkeepus____ofthenewsoftheday.

a.inform

b.toinform

c.informed

d.informing

17.Thespeakerfoundhimself____allalone.

a.left

b.leave

c.leaving

d.toleave

18.Thespeakerfoundhimself____.

a.misunderstand

b.misunderstanding

c.misunderstood

d.tomisunderstand

19.-Mywatchisbroken.

–Whydon’tyou___.

a.takearepaireryourwatch

b.takeyourwatcharepairer

c.taketoarepairerit

d.takeittoarepairer

20.Iheardyouwenttothemuseumyesterdayandcouldn’tfind____thehotel.

a.howtoreturnto

b.howyoucouldgofor

c.thewaybackfor

d.thewaybackto

21.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Mymother____.

a.madeacaketome

b.madeacakeme

c.madeformeacake

d.mademeacake

22.Theteacher____Johnagoodstudent.

a.believes

b.knows

c.suggests

d.considers

23.It’safineday.Let’sgoboating,___?

a.willwe

b.don’twe

c.won’twe

d.shallwe

24.Don’tsmokeintheclassroom,___?

a.willyou

b.doyou

c.don’tyou

d.won’tyou

25.Heseldomhaslunchathome,____he?

a.has

b.hasn’t

c.does

d.doesn’t

26.Wehadtogetupearly,___we?

a.didn’t

b.don’t

c.had

d.did

27.YouhadTomdothejob,____you?

a.did

b.didn’t

c.had

d.hadn’t

28.Letushaveanotherlook,____you?

a.will

b.would

c.won’t

d.wouldn’t

29.Nobodycame,___?

a.didn’the

b.didn’tthey

c.didhe

d.didthey

30.Weoughttohanditintoday,____we?

a.oughtn’t

b.don’t

c.shouldn’t

d.won’t

31.We’dbetterwaitfortenmoreminutes,___?

a.hadn’twe

b.don’twe

c.didn’twe

d.wouldn’twe

32.I’dlikeasandwich,____?

a.wouldyou

b.doyou

c.couldn’tyou

d.don’tyou

33.ThisisthethirdtimethisweekJohnhashadtostudylate,___?

a.hasn’the

b.isn’the

c.hasn’tit

d.isn’tit

34.YouandIdidittogether,___?

a.didn’tI

b.didn’tyou

c.didyou

d.didn’twe

35.Theyshouldhavecompleteditearlier,____?

a.shouldthey

b.shouldn’tthey

c.havethey

d.haven’tthey

36.Youmaytakeitifyouwantto,___?

a.mayn’tyou

b.don’tyou

c.shouldn’tyou

d.won’tyou

37.YoumusthavetoldMr.Smiththesecret,___?

a.mustn’tyou

b.mustyou

c.haven’tyou

d.haveyou

38.Shedislikedtheskirthisfatherboughther,___?

a.didshe

b.didn’tshe

c.wasshe

d.wasn’tshe

39.Tomsaidhewasnottherethen,___?

a.didn’the

b.didhe

c.wasn’the

d.washe

40.Isupposeheishonest,___?

a.don’tI

b.doI

C.isn’the

d.ishe

41.Idon’tthinkheisserious,___?

a.don’tI

b.doI

C.isn’the

d.ishe

42.She’sfinishedthejob,____she?

a.doesn’t

b.isn’t

c.wasn’t

d.hasn’t

43.–Youaren’tateacher,areyou?

a.Yes,Iamnot

b.No,Iam

c.No,butIwas