VariousvariantsinEnglishTheHistoryandOriginsofEnglishDialectsandaccountsofEnglishTheWritingVariablesofEnglishVocabularyvariablesofEnglishGrammarvariationsofEnglish目錄01TheHistoryandOriginsofEnglishPeriod015thto11thcentersADCharacteristics02OldEnglish(orAngloSaxon)wasaGermanlanguage,influencedbyNorseandLatinIthadacomplexgrammarandadifferentalphaExample03"Beowulf"isanOldEnglishepicpoemIncidentEnglishPeriod11thto15thcentersADCharacteristicsMiddleEnglishdevelopedasaresultofNormaninvasionandtheGreatVowelShiftIthasamoreregulargrammarandadifferentvocabularyExampleChaucer's"CanterburyTales"isafaxworkwritteninMiddleEnglishMedicalEnglishPeriod16thto21stcentersADCharacteristicsModernEnglishhassimplifiedgrammar,astandardizedspeakingsystem,andalargevocabularyIthasbeeninfluencedbymanyotherlanguages,includingLatin,French,andGermanExample"TheGreatGatsby"byF.ScottFitzgeraldisacommonexampleofmodernEnglishliteratureModernEnglish02DialectsandaccountsofEnglishPronunciation:BritishEnglishpronunciationisknownforitsuseofReceivedPronunciation(RP),whichisconsideredthestandardaccountHowever,therearemanyregionalaccountsacrosstheUK,includingWelsh,Scouse,Geordie,andYorkshireaccountsCharacteristics:BritishEnglishisknownforitsformalandtraditionalnature,withastrongemphasisongrammarandvocabularyItisthestandardlanguageusedineducation,literature,andofficialdocumentsDialects:ThereareseveraldialogueswithinBritishEnglish,includingCockney,Glaswegian,andBrummieThesedialoguesoftenhaveuniquevocabulary,promotion,andgrammarpatternsBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishisknownforitsinformationnatureandastrongemphasisonpromotionandvocabularyIthasamoredirectandconversationalstylecomparedtoBritishEnglishThereareseveraldialogueswithinAmericanEnglish,includingSouthernAmericanEnglish,AfricanAmericanEnglish,andNewYorkCityEnglishThesedialoguesoftenhaveuniquevocabulary,promotion,andgrammarpatternsAmericanEnglishpronunciationisknownforitsuseofGeneralAmerican(GA),whichisconsideredthestandardaccountHowever,therearemanyregionalaccountsacrosstheUS,includingMidwestern,Southern,andWesternaccountsCharacteristicsDialectsPronunciationAmericanEnglishAustralianEnglishisknownforitsinformationnatureandastrongemphasisonpromotionIthasauniquevocabularyandgrammarpatternthatisdistinctfromBritishandAmericanEnglishThereareseveraldialogueswithinAustralianEnglish,includingQueenslandEnglishandWesternAustralianEnglishThesedialoguesoftenhaveuniquevocabulary,promotion,andgrammarpatternsAustralianEnglishpronunciationisknownforitsuseofAustralianaccount,whichisconsideredthestandardaccountHowever,therearemanyregionalaccountsacrossAustralia,includingTasmanianandSouthAustralianaccountsCharacteristicsDialectsPronunciationAustralianEnglishIndianEnglishisknownforitsuniquevocabularyandgrammarpatternthatreflectstheinfluenceofIndianlanguagesIthasamoreinformationnaturecomparedtoBritishEnglishandoftenusesIndianwordsorphrasesinplaceoftheirEnglishcounterpartsThereareseveraldialogueswithinIndianEnglish,includingPunjabiEnglishandTamilEnglishThesedialoguesoftenhaveuniquevocabulary,promotion,andgrammarpatternsIndianEnglishpronunciationisknownforitsuseofIndianaccounts,whichareinfluencedbyvariousIndianlanguagesHowever,therearemanyregionalaccountsacrossIndia,includingMumbai(Bombay),Delhi,andChennai(Madras)accountsCharacteristicsDialectsPronunciationIndianEnglish03TheWritingVariablesofEnglishItoftenusescomplexpresencestructuresandavocabularythatisrichinLatinandGreekrootsBritishEnglishwritingalsoextendstofollowamorerigidgrammarandpunctationrulescomparedtoothervariablesBritishEnglishwritingischaracterizedbyitstraditionalandformalstyle,withafocusonprecisionandclarityWritinginBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishwritingistypicallydirectandconsistent,withafocusonreadabilityandnaturalnessItoftenusesamorecasualandlessformalstyle,withablendofbothformalandinformationlanguageAmericanEnglishwritingtenstobelessformalandmoreinnovativeinitsuseoflanguage,includingarichvocabularyandmorecasegrammarAmericanEnglishWritingAustralianEnglishwritingreflectionsontheuniquecultureandidentityoftheAustralianpeopleAustralianEnglishwritingalsoextendstohaveamorerelaxedattitudetowardspresentinggrammarandpunctuation,withafocusonnaturalnessandauthenticationItoftenusesacasualandfriendlytone,withadistinctiveAustralianvocabularyandexpressionsAustralianEnglishWriting123IndianEnglishwritingreflectionsontherichculturalandlinguisticheritageofIndiaItoftenusesamorecolorfulanddescriptivelanguage,withablendofbothIndianandWesterninfluencesIndianEnglishwritingalsoextendstohaveamoreinformationalstyle,withafocusoncreativityandoriginalityIndianEnglishWriting04VocabularyvariablesofEnglish02030401BritishEnglishvocabulary"Lorry"insteadof"truck""Football"insteadof"soccer""Trousers"installedof"pans""Braces"insteadof"suspenders"AmericanEnglishvocabulary01"Truck"insteadof"Lorry"02"Soccer"insteadof"football"03"Pans"insteadof"trousers"04"Suspenders"insteadof"bras"AustralianEnglishvocabulary"Thoughts"insteadof"flipflops""Clickandspan"insteadof"nearandtidy""Mate"insteadof"friend""Mockie"insteadof"mockleave""Chips"installedof"Frenchfries""Biscuit"installof"cookie""Lunchbox"installof"brownbaglunch""Busstop"installof"busfilter"01020304IndianEnglishvocabulary05GrammarvariationsofEnglishTheBritishEnglishgrammarisbasedonthetraditionalEnglishlanguagethatwasusedinEnglandItisalsoknownasthestandardEnglishgrammarItischaracterizedbyamoreformalandcomplexpresencestructure,andarichvocabularythatincludesmanywordsofLatinoriginBritishEnglishusestheOxfordcommandandtheserialcommandIthasadifferentsetoftenseandaspectforms,suchas"I've"installedof"Ihave"and"I'd"installedof"Iwould"BritishEnglishGrammarTheAmericanEnglishgrammarisbasedontheearlysettlers'EnglishlanguageintheUnitedStatesAmericanEnglishusestheserialcommandandoftenomitstheOxfordcommandIthasadifferentsetoftenseandaspectforms,suchas"I'd"installof"Iwould"and"I've"installof"Ihave"Itischaracterizedbyamorecaseandstraightforwardpresencestructure,andasimplervocabularythatincludesmanywordsofAngloSaxonoriginAmericanEnglishGrammarTheAustralianEnglishgrammarisbasedontheEnglishlanguagethatwasbrokentoAustraliabytheearlysettlersItischaracterizedbyauniquevocabularythatincludesmanywordsrelatedtotheAustraliancultureandenvironme