專題12閱讀理解之組合練備戰2021高考英語復習閱讀理解分類練習A(2020全國卷IC)Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areunmonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.1.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.2.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.3.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.4.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.B（2020全國卷ID）Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualpositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(發光)inexperimentsusingsomemonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthreeandahalfhours.Thelight，aboutonethousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoselfpoweredstreetlamps.inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaoneofftreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighwayalotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.5.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.6.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A.Todetectplants’lackofwaterB.TochangepositionsofplantsC.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.7.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollutionfree?C(2020全國卷IIC)Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnonnativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecatsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，”Togivepeopleaguiltfreeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletoearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtoeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitisecofriendly.9.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguiltfreefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.10.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcatsizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature. C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.12.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.D(2020全國卷IID)Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.13.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.15.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.16.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibraryE(2020北京卷)Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisacplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals._____17_____paniesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent？___18___Theyfocusedonfootball，basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball，addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly，thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon，theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協調)theiractions.______19______Inbaseball，theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh，teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent，whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample，tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal，hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate，affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold，“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”___20___Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam，someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftugofwar(拔河比賽)，wheneverapersonisadded，everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.___21___.AnAteammayrequireabalance——notjustAplayers，butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.B.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentC.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.F.Buildingupadreamteamismoreplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.A【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優勢，但是之前受過傷的人，要想從事這樣運動要謹慎，最好咨詢專家的建議。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但這項運動的規則要求競走者的膝蓋在擺動腿的大部分時間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運動員是需要具備某些條件的運動員是因為運動員需要遵守特殊的規則。故選C項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areunmonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些與跑步有關的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走與跑步相比的優勢是不太可能導致膝蓋受傷。故選D項。3題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段Dr.Norberg說的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事實上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應該首先咨詢教練或有經驗的競走運動員，學習適當的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A項。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題。由此判斷出作者對于競走的態度是客觀的。故選B項。B【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學院的工程師開發了一種發光植物。文章介紹了他們發明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優勢，指出在未來發光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節約能源的作用。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚斯敦進行的一項研究發現，城市綠化較好的地區犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中，當員工的工作場所被室內植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關于綠色植物的益處。故選D。【6題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學物質。由此可知，麻省理工學院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的情況。故選A。【7題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知發光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節約能源。由此可知，這種發光的植物在未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersourcesuchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighwayalotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明約占美國總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠離電源，例如從發電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節約能源。結合文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學院的工程師開發了一種發光植物，文章介紹了他們發明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優勢，指出在未來發光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項“發光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標題。故選C。C【答案】9.A10.A11.D12.B【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀。展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣。海貍鼠們每年都在破壞大片的濕地，因此設計師稱這是一種環保的舉措，科學家們也對海貍鼠損壞生態平衡表示了擔憂。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美國新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀，時裝秀上展出海貍鼠皮制成的不同風格的衣服，項目總監CreeMcCree說：“除非了解海貍鼠正每年破壞大片濕地，否則談論無罪感皮衣是很瘋狂的事情”，可以判斷出由于海貍鼠對生態造成了巨大的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科學家們如此擔心以至于他們決定按照一條海貍鼠尾巴付給獵人們5美元，可以推斷出科學家們擔憂海貍鼠們嚴重破壞生態平衡，。故選A。【11題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecatsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮貿易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的控制，但是當海貍鼠市場在20世紀80年代末崩潰時，這種貓大小的動物數量瘋長，根據but判斷，這是轉折關系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于控制，現在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數量激增，是由于市場不再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和D.crashed倒閉的意思最相近。故選D。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthemIthinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，為了給人們一種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣而不被人們潑油漆，我認為在紐約將是一件巨大的事情，根據模特摩根所說得知，在紐約穿皮質衣服是有風險的。故選B。D【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.D【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者是一個熱情的讀者，孩提時熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣傳圖書館。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusias