UnitFourPeopleandtheEnvironmentLessonlPopulationProblems1．增長；成長；生長n_______11.污染n.________2．增加一倍；成倍__________12．煤n._________3．因此，因而；所以ad.____13.可獲得的；可取得聯(lián)系的4．快的，迅速的a．a(chǎn)._________5．擁擠的；塞滿的a.____14．生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生________6．受污染的n．____________15．面臨___________7．引起___________16．按平均值；通常________8．可怕的__________17．扔掉；拋棄，丟棄_______9．塑料；塑料制品_________18．耗盡，用光_________10.污染，弄臟vt.&vi．19.總有一天·有朝一日_______worldpopulationgrowthgreenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)世界人口增長naturalresources自然資源theproblemofovercrowdingthrowawaymillionsoftonsofrubbish過度擁擠問題扔掉成百萬噸的垃圾agingpopulation人口老齡化saveenergy節(jié)約能源controlthebirthrate控制出生率pollutetheair污染空氣doubleevery24yearsfindotherwaystomakeenergy每24年翻一倍尋找其他生產(chǎn)能源的方法一、詞匯精講1．doublevi．＆vt.(doubling,doubled,doubled)增加一倍；成倍課文：ThepopulationinAfricaisdoublingevery24years.(P103)非洲人口每24年翻一番。拓展：doubleallthequantities分量增加一倍double兩倍的，成雙的，雙重的：adoublebed雙人床adoubleaim雙重目標(biāo)double兩倍：mixeddoubles男女混合雙打例句：HegetspaiddoublefordoingthesamejobIdo.他與我做同樣的工作，但報酬卻比我多一倍。2．causevt．(causing,caused,caused)引起療．原因課文：Butwhathascausedthisproblem?(P105)但是是什么引起了這個問題？拓展：causetrouble惹麻煩causen．原因，理由,動機(jī)，事業(yè)；目標(biāo)；themostcommoncauses最常見的原因nocauseforconcern沒有理由擔(dān)憂；agoodcause崇高的事業(yè)辨析：cause;reason;excuseCause一種事實或現(xiàn)象的“原因、起因”，后接介詞Reason一種看法或行為的“理由”；Excuse借口、辯白例句：①Carelessnessistheusualcauseoffire．粗心是造成火災(zāi)的普遍原因。②Youmusttellhimthereasonwhyyouwon'taccepthisoffer.你必須告訴他為什么你不能讓他通過。③Lateagain!Whatyourexcuseofthistime?又遲到！這次你的借口是什么？3．rapidd．快的，迅速的課文：That'llberapidgrowth．那將是一個快速的增長。語塊學(xué)習(xí)：rapidgrowth快速的增長拓展：rapidchange迅速的改變rapidlyad．快地，迅速地；arapidlygrowingeconomy迅速增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)4.pollutevi.&vt．(polluting;polluted*polluted)污染，弄臟課文：Theypollutetheair，thelandandthewater.它們污染空氣，土地和水。Pollutionn.污染airpollution空氣污染；waterpollution水污染Polluteda.受污染的例句：Youcannotfindfishinthisriverbecausethewaterispolluted.你在這條河里找不到魚，因為河水已受到污染。二、語塊深解l.befacedwith面臨課文：Becausethepopulationisgrowingsofast,theworldisfacedwithmanyproblems由于人口增長過快，世界面臨著很多問題。拓展:befacedwithsth．面臨某事facetofacewithsb.與某人面對面；facetofacewithsth．面對某種處境inthefaceofsth即使面對〔問題、困難等〕；由于，因為例句：①Thetwohavenevermetfacetofacebefore.兩個人過去從未見過面。②Shewasatanearlyagebroughtfacetofacewiththehorrorsofwar.她年幼時就面臨戰(zhàn)爭的恐怖。③Hewasunabletodenythechargesinthefaceofnewevidence.面對新的證據(jù)，他無法否認(rèn)被控告的罪。2.onaverage按平均值；通常課文：Onaverage,menlivetobe76,andthewomen,78.(P103)平均來說，男人活到76歲而女人活到78歲。拓展：grownonaverage50%平均增長率為50%inaverage平均地辨析：onaverage;inaverageonaverage經(jīng)常單獨(dú)使用，做插入語；inaverage后面一般跟有名詞，這時的average似乎帶有一點(diǎn)形容詞例句：①Wereceived20callsadayonaverage.我們平均每天接到二十個。②Spendingover8hoursinnetbareverydayinaverage,Iamatotallynetworm.我平均每天都要在網(wǎng)吧里呆上8個小時以上，是個不折不扣的同蟲。課文：Mostpeopleusedtoliveinthecountry.(P103)大多數(shù)人過去住在鄉(xiāng)村例句：①Heusedtogotosleepat90'clockintheevening-他過去常常在晚上9點(diǎn)睡覺。②Heisusedtogoingtosleepearly．他習(xí)慣于早睡。③Woodisusedtomakehouses木材被用來造房子。4.throwaway扔掉；拋棄，丟棄課文：Everydaywethrowawaymillionsoftonsofrubbish.(P108)每天我們?nèi)拥舫砂偃f噸的垃圾。拓展：throwaway失去；錯過，浪費(fèi)；白費(fèi)：throwawayanopportunity失去時機(jī)throwto扔給……例句：Hethrewtheballtome．他把球扔給了我。三、重點(diǎn)句型l.By1999thepopulationhadreached6billion,andby2005ithadrisento6.4billion直到1999年人口已經(jīng)到達(dá)60億，到了2005年人口上漲到了64億。點(diǎn)津：本句為過去完成時，表示過去某個時間或動作之前發(fā)生的事情。其中by意為“直到……；到……為止”，通常表示完成時。例句：Wehadlearned2000wordsbytheendoflastmonth.到上個月底為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了2000個單詞。2.Therefore,itisnecessarytocontrolthepopulationgrowth.因此，控制人口增長是必要的。點(diǎn)津：itisnecessarytodo表示“傲某事是必要的”，其中it是形式主語，真正的主語為動詞不定式“tocontrolthepopulationgrowth”。itis+形容詞+todo表示“做某事……”。例句：Itisnecessarytocleantheroomseveryday．必須每天清掃一次房間。3.TheprobleminAsiaisnotjustpopulationgrowthbutalsoovercrowdinginmanycities.在亞洲不只有人u增長問題，在一些城市還有人口擁擠問題。點(diǎn)津：句中not(only)...butal。。…意為“不但……而且……”，其中only和also可省略〔～般只省略一個〕，用于連接兩個相同的句子成分。其中本句中not和butalso后接名詞，作句子的表語。例句：Helikesnotonlyplayingbasketballhutalsoplayingvolleyball,他不但喜歡打籃球而且喜歡打排球。4.Government.shavetosolvetheproblemofovercrowdingincities.(Pl03)政府不得不解決城市人口擁擠問題。點(diǎn)津：句子ha。。to意為“必須，不得不，得”．強(qiáng)調(diào)外界客觀因素要求主語不得不做某事，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，后接動詞原形。辨析:havetomust例句：①Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutil．你沒必要把這件事告訴他。②Youmustn’ttellhimaboutit．你一定不要把這件事告訴他。四、社交套話1．Welldone.做得好。／很棒。點(diǎn)津：本句為社交套話，表示對某事的正面判斷和鼓勵，意為“做得好”。與“Goodwork”意思相近，意為“干得好！”。例句；---Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)做完了家庭作業(yè)。-Welldone．做的好。2.Ihopenot．(P107)我不希望這樣。點(diǎn)津：本句為社交套話，表示對某事的反面看法。與“Ihopeso．”意思相反，用法相同，譯為“我希望如此”。例句：-theworldwillbefilledwithrubbishhereandthere.世界將到處是垃圾。-Ihopenot.我不希望如此。五、語法Thepastperfecttense過去完成時一、過去完成時的形式過去完成時由“助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。二、過去完成時的用法1．表示一個過去動作或狀態(tài)在過去萊一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束.印發(fā)生在。過去的過去”。注意：只有和過去某時間或某動作相比擬時才能用到這一時態(tài)。常用的時間狀語有：bytheendof,bythattime,before+過去時間或從句，when+從句。例句：①Wehadwaitedtherewhenshearrived.當(dāng)她到達(dá)時，我們已等侯在那里了。②Itwastoocold,butwehadn'tthoughtofthat.天氣太冷了，但是我們事前未想到。2．表示過去某一時間的某動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時間，還可能持續(xù)下去。常用時間狀語有：since+過去時間點(diǎn)或從句，for+-段時間。例句：①Shehadworkedfortwoyearsbeforeshecamehere.她來這里之前已工作了兩年了。=2\*GB3②ItwasthebestbookthatI'dreadsince2000.它是自2000年以來我讀過的最好的書。3．考點(diǎn)提示：hope,wish,plan,want,mean(意圖)，intend(打算)，think,expect〔期望〕等用于過去完成時態(tài)，表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的“方案、打算、企圖、愿望、想法”等，多譯為“本想〔本打算、本以為……〕”。例句：①Ihadplannedtosendyouabirthdaygift.我本來方案送給你一份生日禮物的。②Theboyhadhopedtowinthefirstprize.男孩本希望獲得一等獎。中考鏈接(2012·40題)Bytheendoflastmonth,I____alltheCD'sofJustinBieber.A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollectedI.將左欄詞匯與右欄的正確釋義配對()l.growthA.tobecometwiceasmuchorasmany()2.doubleB.tomakethingstobesold()3.rapidC.toadddirtyorharmfulsubstancestoland,air,water,etc.()4.causeD.tomakesth.happen,especiallysth.badorunpleasant()5.terribleE.theprocessofgrowingphysically,mentallyoremotionally()6.polluteF.thethingsthatyoucanget,buyorfind()7.availableG.makingyoufeelveryunhappy,upsetorfrightened()8.produceH.happeninginashortperiodoftime根據(jù)所給要求，改寫以下句子。每空格限填一詞l.Thegovernmenthastogiveitsattentiontotheproblemofovercrowdingincities.〔改為否認(rèn)句〕Thegovernment____________togiveitsattentiontotheproblemofovercrowdingincities.2.Theworldpopulationwas6.3billionin2003.〔對劃線局部提問〕________________theworldpopulationin2003?3.Thegovernmentsmustfindwaystocontrolthepopulationgrowth(保持句意根本不變〕It's_____________thegovernmentstofindwaystocontrolthepopulationgrowth4.Hehasenteredtheccollegeandhehasgotanaward.〔合并句子〕______________hasheenteredthecollege,butalsohehasgotanaward.5.Marywrotethreearticleslastweek.〔保持句意根本不變〕Mary____threearticlesbytheendoflastweek.6.before,hurried,the,we,train,to,started,station,had,the(連詞成句)___________________________________________________選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?)1.Inthespringtheplaceiscrowdedwithskiers.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectfortheunderlinedword?()2.Wbenwegottothecinema,thefilmfortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.hasbeenonC.hadbeenonD.hasbegun()3.WhenIgottothestation,thetrain____.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.willleaveD.left()4.Beforehebegantodohishomework,hehadpromisedtofinishit_____anhour.A.duringB.forC.withinD.on()5.Ididn’tgotothecinemawithmyfriendsbecauseIthemovie.A.sawB.hadseenC.hasseenD.wouldsee()6.Bytheendoflastterm,thestudents____onethousandnewwords.A.learnedB.haslearnedC.willlearnD.hadlearned()7.Bythetimehe_______thirty,he______quiteafewforeigncountries.A.was;visitedB.was,hadvisitedC.was;hasvisitedD.hadbeen;visited()8.Itisnecessary_____hardyourjobs.toworkB.worksC.workedD.working()9.Hegetsused_______likethis.A.livingB.liveC.livedD.lives()10.---Rememhertolockthedoorwhenyouleft.---_______A.Me,tooB.Welldone.C.Sure.Iwill.D.That'sallright.用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。每空格限填一詞l.Thechemicalsletoutbythefactorywill_theriver.(pollution)2.Couldyoucomeupwithanideato________theproblem?(solution)3.Thebusistoo_______togeton.(crowd)4.Thepricesofcarsarerising________.(rapid)5.Thereisa______ofinterestindetectivestoriesamongyoungpeople.(grow)將以下單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞．每詞只能填一次A.hangedB.satellitesC.weatherD.receiveE.helpSatellitesForecasttheWeatherNowsatellitesarehelpingtoforecasttheweather.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.Theltakepicturesoftheatmosphere(氣),becausethisiswheretheweatherforms.Theysendthesepicturestotheweatherstation.Sothescientiststherecanseetheweatherofanypartoftheworldandtellhowtheweatherwillchange.Today,nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriescan2satellitepictures.Whentheyreceivethenewpictures,theycomparethemwiththeearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthatthecloudshave___3____duringthelastfewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too.Intheirnextweatherforecast,theycantellpeopleaboutit.Sotheweathersatellitesareofagreat4tothescientistsatthestation.Inthepasttheycouldforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hoursearlier.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsforthreeorfivedays.Soon,perhaps,theymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherforaweekormoreahead.1.________2.________3._______4.________用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空l.Wearefaced______manyproblemsatpresent.2.________average,vegetarians(素食者)areslimmerthanmeateater.3.Manyfamilieshavelargenumbers________childreninAfrica.4._______thenext10years,ourcitywillhavemoretallbuildings.5.Governmentshavetosolvetheproblem_______overcrowdingincities.根據(jù)句意和漢語注釋寫出各單詞的正確形式l.Itisnecessaryto_______〔控制〕thepopulationgrowth.2.Governmentsshouldworkhardtosolvethe_______〔老齡化〕problems.3.Whathas_______〔引起〕thisproblem?4.Ourcityisgetting____〔過度擁擠的〕．5.Wewillneedmorewaterandothernatural__________〔資源〕．在以下句子中填入適當(dāng)單詞，首字母己給l.Thepoliceofficerwascalmwhenhewasf_______withdanger.2.Howmuchdoesanelectronicdictionarycostona__________？3.Becausetheworldp_________growing,wewillfaceseriousproblems.4.Youarealwayslosingyourtemper.Youmustc_______it.5.Wecanusethesun,thewindandtheseatomakee________.6.Insomecountries,peopleusuallyt_______awayoldfurnitureinthestreets.7.Governmentsshoulddosomethingtocontrolthepopulationg________.8.Somenaturalresourceswillheu________upsomeday.選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組完成以下句子throwawayB.useupC.disappearD.naturalresourcesE.somedayF.recycleG.availableH.makeenergy()l.Manyofthe____cannotberenewed,sowemustprotectthem.()2.Yourroomisinamess.You'dbetter_______theunnecessarythings.()3.Mr.Smithisnot_______atthemoment.ShallIaskhimtocallyouback?()4.Ifwedon'ttakeaction,thepollutionwon't_______.()5.Weshouldfindwaystousethesun,thewindandtheseato____..()6.Manycompaniesaretryingtotheirwasteinordertocutthecost.()7.Wewill______thepapersoon.Weneedtobuysome.()8.Thesciencefictionbooksaysthatpeoplecanliveonthemoon______.按例如改寫句子Model:Theworldpopulationreached5billionin1987.(by1987)Theworldpopulationhadreached5billionby1987.l.Welearnedl,000newwordslastterm.(bytheendoflastterm)_________________________________________________________2.Dickreadtwochildren'sstorieslastmonth.(bytheendoflastmonth)_________________________________________________________3.Marywrotethreearticleslastweek.(bytheendoflastweek)_________________________________________________________4.Peterbroketwoschoolrecordslastsemester.(bytheendoflastsemester)_________________________________________________________5.Thestudents.sawseveralnewmovieslastmonth.(bylastmonth)_________________________________________________________一、能力提升I．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢竁henBenFranklinwasonlyaboy,healwayswantedtoknowaboutthings.Hewasalwaysaskinghisfatherandbrothers"What”and"How".Theycouldn'talwaystellhimwhathewantedtoknow.Whentheycouldn’ttellhim,Bentriedtofindoutforhimself.ManytimesBendidfindoutthingsthatnooneknewbefore.Theotherboyswouldsay,"ThatBenFranklin!He’salwaysfindingoutsomethingnew!”Benlivedclosetothewater.Helikedtogotheretoseetheboats.Hesawhowthewindblewthemacrossthewater.OnedayBensaidtohimself.“whycan’tthewindhelpmefloat(漂浮)acrossthewater?AndI’mgoingtotry.”Bengothisbigkite.Hetookholdofthekitestringandranquicklywithit.Thewindblewthekitehighintotheair.Benbegantofloatacrossthewater.Soonhewasontheothersideandhehadnotworkedatall.Oneboyshouted,“l(fā)ookatBenfloatingacrossthewater!Hiskitetakeshimtotheothersidewithoutanywork!”“Yes,”saidanother.“He’salwaysfindingnewwaystodothings.”()l.Whenhewasonlyachild,Ben_______A.likedtoflyakitebyhimselfB.alwaysaskedeasyquestionsC.alwayslikedtoplaywithwaterD.alwayslikedtofindouthowthingsworked()2.Hisfatherandbrothers.A.couldanswerallhisquestionsB.couldn'tanswerallhisquestionsC.triedhardtofindoutsomethingnewforhimD.weretoobusytoanswerhisquestions()3.HowdidBenFranklinfloatacrossthewater?A.Theotherboytookhimacrossit.B.Thewatercarriedhimacrossit.C.Theflyingkitetookhimacrossit.D.Aboattookhimacrossit.()4.Hefoundoutmanythingsthat________A.childrendidn’tknowB.hisfatherandbrothersknewC.peopledidn'tknowD.mostpeopleknew()5.Inthepassage,"andhehadnotworkedatall"means_____A.heworkedhardtocrossthewaterB.hedidn'tgotoworkthatdayC.hedidn’tcro.ssthewateratallD.hecrossedthewaterinaneasyway()6.WhatdoyouthinkofBenFranklin?A.Hewascreative.B.Heenjoyedshowingoff.C.Hewasimpolitetohisfatherandbrothers.D.Hewasnaughty.=2\*ROMANII.選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組完成短文Whatwillyoubedoingwhenyouare26yearsold?Studyingatuniversityorworkingforaliving?TakealookatwhatAlbertEinsteinwasdoingattheageof26.Acenturyago,EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerland.Hishobbywasphysics.Withoutmuchmoneyorhelp,he_lfivepapers(論文)foraphysicsmagazine.Threeofthesegreatlychangedthestudyofphysicsandourunderstandingofspace,time,lightandmatter.HismostfamousworkisontheTheoryofRelativity(相對論).EinsteinwasgivenTheNobelPrizeforhis___2___.Althoughhealsodidmanyotherthingslater,theyear1905wascalledEinstein's"YearofWonder”.Today,oversixtyyearsafterEinstein'sdeath,aquestionisasked,"Willthereeverbe3Einstein?"Itmaytakealongtime.______,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.However,physicsisadifferentfieldnow,andeducationis5_,too.Evenifyoucan’tbethenextgreatScientist,itisstillhelpfultoremembersomeofthethingsthatmadeEinstein__6.Hethoughtindependentlyandreadwidely.Heleftwithusaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.()1.A.thoughtB.foundC.wroteD.printed()2.A.inventionsB.discoveriesC.experienceD.physics()3.A.othersB.otherc.theotherC.theotherD.another()4.A.InsteadB.IntheendC.InreturnD.Afterall()5.A.difficultB.easyCplexD.different()6.A.busyB.easyC.tallD.great在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給Mr.KingtaughtEnglishinamiddleschool.Hewasveryb______allthetimeandcouldn’tdosomer_2.Sohelefttheschoolandopenedabookshopinthecenterofthetown.Itwasn'tbigenoughbutallthebookswereniceandmostpeoplelikedtobuysomethere.Whentheshopwasc_3,hecouldreadathome.Heknewalotandthelearned(有學(xué)問的〕personweregladtomakef_4withhim.ItwasSundayanditwascoldoutside.Mr.Kingwasverybusy.Atnineintheeveningallthebuyerslefte____5agirl.Shewasdressedupandwaitedforsomeonethere.Standingbytheshelves,shelookedoverthebooksoneaftera_6.Itmadetheminafearfulmess〔凌亂不堪〕．Mr.Kingcameuptoherandasked,“Excuseme,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou?”"Yourbooksarealldull〔乏味的〕.”Saidthegirl.“Iwantad_7"That'seasy".Mr.Kingsmiled.Hetookoutacookbook〔烹調(diào)書〕andsaid,"Hereyouare,madam.”1._______2.______3._______4._______5._______6._______7．________Ⅳ．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，答復(fù)以下問題Ifyoudon'tknowhowmuchwateryouneed,I’mnotsurprised.Differentadviceinrecentnewspapersappeartobeagainsttheold"8-a-day"adviceweallgrewupwith.Isitnecessarytodrinkdowneightglassesofwaterdaily,oristhisalreadyoutofdate?We’veheardforyearsthateightglassesofwaterdailyisnecessaryforapersontokeephealthy.Yourweightlossandhealthdependonit.Drinkeightglassesofwaterdailyandseeclearerskinbettersleep,andimproveeyesight.We’rewarnedoflosingwaterwithoutatleasteightglasses.But,therearesomenewideasofexaminingyourdailydiet,includingwhatyoueataswellaswhatyoudrink.Theanswerisyouneedwhatyou