重慶市南開(kāi)中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三1月第五次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng):1.本試卷由四個(gè)部分組成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。共150分,共12頁(yè)。2.全部答案在答題卡上相應(yīng)區(qū)域內(nèi)完成,在本試卷上作答無(wú)效。選擇題請(qǐng)使用2B鉛筆填涂,非選擇題請(qǐng)使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答。要求字體工整、筆跡清晰。3.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡規(guī)定的地方填寫(xiě)好個(gè)人信息,并認(rèn)真核對(duì)答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼是否與本人的信息一致。4.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié);滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并析在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Fromwhichplatformshouldthewomangetonthetrain?A.Platform5.B.Platform10.C.Platform12.2.Whattimeisitnow?A.4:40p.m.B.4:45p.m.C.4:50p.m.3.Howcanwedescribetheman?A.Worried.B.Impatient.C.Cautious.4.Whatistheproblemwiththeshoesaccordingtothewoman?A.Theyareold.B.Theyarepoorlymade.C.Theyareunfortable.5.Howmanypeoplewillgotothemovies?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6至7題。6.Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthekids?A.Theyarelucky.B.Theyaregentle.C.Theyarefriendly.7.Whoprobablyisthewoman?A.Aparent.B.Aheadmaster.C.Astudent.聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8至9題。8.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygofirst?A.Thebeach.B.Thebotanicalgardens.C.Theoldneighborhoods.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Touristandguide.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?AImprovingjobskills.B.Takingschoolclasses.C.Planningavacation.11.WhatattractsthemantoworkinChinamost?A.Moremoney.B.Abetterjobposition.C.Newexperiences.12.Howwillthespeakerspracticetheirlanguageskillsinthefuture?A.BymunicatingwithfriendsinChinese.B.Bywatchingmoreforeignmovies.C.Bytakinglanguageclasses.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atachocolatestore.B.Ataflowershop.C.Atadeliverystation.14.Whatisthefavoritecolorofthewoman’ssister?A.Pink.B.Red.C.Yellow.15.Whichpricewouldsuitthewomanmost?A.￡10.B.￡25.C.￡40.16.Howwillthewoman’ssistergethergifts?A.Shewillcollectthemherself.B.Thewomanwilltakethemtoher.C.Themanwillhelpdeliverthem.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatisunknowntothespeakeraboutthetree?A.Itsposition.B.Itsheight.C.Itsage.18.Howtallonaveragearethetreesofthistype?A.800feet.B.400feet.C.350feet.19.Howdoscientistsprotectthetree?A.Byprotectingitstop.B.Byraisinglocalbirds.C.Byhidingitslocation.20.Whichcausedthedamageofanotherfamoustree?A.Thevisitofthetourists.B.Thetouchfromthescientists.C.Theconcentrationofthebirds.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié);滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AUnforgettableshowsASpectacularLineupforAllEntertainmentEnthusiasts!ShowTimePriceDiscount&SpecialrequirementsIntroductionDazzlingDelightsEveryFriday&Saturday7:00PMGeneralAdmission$30VIPsection$50,10%offforgroupsofmorethan10peoplePreparetobesweptoffyourfeetbythestunningcostumesandflawlessperformanceofDanceFushionGroup.Talenteddancerswilltakeyouonajourneyofeleganceandgrace,leavingyouinawe.PiecesfromclassicslikeSwan.Lake,TheNutcrackerwillensureafeastfortheeyeswhilemoderninnovativedancesgiveaudienceafreshideaofdancing.edyCarnivalEveryTuesday&Thursday8:00PMGeneralAdmission$25,VIPsection$40OnlinebookingonlyGetreadyforaneveningwithlaughterasLaughOutLoudProductionsbringsyoufunnysketchesandwittyjokes.Raiseyourhand,stepontothestageandinteractwiththeactors.MusicalMagicEverySaturday6:00PMGeneralAdmission$35,VIPsection$60Kidsunder8notallowedImmerseyourselfinclassicalmasterpieces,contemporaryhits,andoriginalpieces.ThemagicalatmospherecreatedbyMelodyMakerswillleaveyouhummingfordays.MysteriousIllusionsEveryTuesdaythroughSunday7:30PMGeneralAdmission$40,VIPsection$70Admission)Familyticket:$100(2adults+1kidforGeneralEnigmaEntertainmentwillhaveyourmindblownonthejourneythroughtheworldofillusions.Witnessmindbendingtricksandmindbogglingactsthatwillleaveyouquestioningrealityandlongingformore.Don’tmissoutonextraordinaryshows.Visitourwebsiteorcallourtickethotlinetoreserveyourticketstoday.1.Onwhichdaydoyouhavethemostchoices?A.Tuesday. B.Friday. C.Saturday. D.Sunday.2.What’sthelowestcostfor2parentsand2kidstoattendMysteriousIllusions?A.$100. B.$140. C.$160. D.$170.3.Whichshowinvolvesaudience’sparticipation?A.DazzlingDelights. B.edyCarnival. C.MusicalMagic. D.MysteriousIllusions.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)表演以及收費(fèi)等情況。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分“EveryFriday&Saturday7:00PM(每周五及周六晚上7時(shí))”；第三部分“EverySaturday6:00PM(每周六下午6點(diǎn))”以及第四部分“EveryTuesdaythroughSunday7:30PM(每周二至周日晚上7:30)”可知，星期六有最多的選擇。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MysteriousIllusions部分中“GeneralAdmission$40,VIPsection$70Admission)（普通門(mén)票$40，VIP區(qū)門(mén)票$70）)”以及“Familyticket:$100(2adults+1kidforGeneral(家庭票：100美元（2名成人+1名兒童）)”可知，2位家長(zhǎng)和2個(gè)孩子參加“神秘幻術(shù)”的最低費(fèi)用是100+40=140美元。故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)edyCarnival部分中“Raiseyourhand,stepontothestageandinteractwiththeactors.(舉起你的手，走上舞臺(tái)，與演員互動(dòng))”可知，edyCarnival需要觀眾參與。故選B。BConventionallybutterflieswereregardednotasfascinatingsubjectsforcloseobservationbutassymbolsofshallowness.ButEleanorGranvilletreatedthemwithscientificseriousness.Inherthirties,thoughsufferingfromamarriagewherethehusbandwasviolentandeventurnedherfamilyagainsther,Granvillesoughtfortbystudyingmothsandbutterflies.Shetravelledaroundthecountrysidewithlocalgirls,beatingbushestocatchfallinglarvae(幼蟲(chóng)),andrecruitedherservantsasassistantstocollectspecimens(樣本).Becauseofunusualgenerosityinpayingforafinespecimen,shesoonaccumulatedasubstantialcollectionofbutterflies.Afterbringinglarvaehome,shemeticulouslyloggedtheirgrowth,providingsomeoftheearliestdetailedaccountsofinsectlifecycles.However,wanderingthecountrysidewithacollectingnetwasconsideredweirdbehaviorforanyonebackthen,letaloneawoman,andshewasaccusedofgoingoutdressedlikea“gypsy”.Besidesherownextensiveresearch,Granvilleexchangedlettersandbutterflieswithothercollectors.AnotherenthusiastWilliamVernonreportedthatshehadowned“thenoblestcollectionsofbutterflies,allEnglish,whichhasshamedus”.Shesent100examplestotheRoyalSocietyandalsosentJamesPetiver,England’smostcelebratedbutterflyexpert,boxesofcarefullypinnedbutterflies,includingseveralthathadbeenpreviouslyunknown,andnotablytheonelaternamedtheGranvillefritillarywhosewingscarrystrikingbrownandyellowpatterns,aspeciesofspecialconcernduetothedeclineofthetotalnumberundertheinfluenceoffoodlossandhotterweather.EleanorGranvilleremainstheonlyBritishnaturalisttohavelefttheirnametoanativebutterflyspecies.Apioneerinthestudyofentomology(昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)),Cranvillehelpedmakeitanacademicsubject.Regretfully,onlytwomothsandabutterflyofGranville’spreciousspecimensarestillpreservedinLondon’sNaturalHistoryMuseum.Hernamelivesonthebutterfliessheloved.4.WhatdoweknowaboutGranville?A.Shepaidgenerouslyforeveryspecimen.B.Shewasaccusedofdesertingherfamily.C.Studyingbutterfliesprovidedanescapefromherlife.D.Workingwithlocalgirlsearnedheragoodreputation.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.JamesPetivergreatlyinfluencedGranville. B.Granville’seffortsshamedtheRoyalSociety.C.TheGranvillefritillaryisanendangeredspecies. D.Granville’sworkwasacademicallyrecognized.6.HowdidGranvillecontributetothefieldofentomology?A.Bynamingbutterfliesandmoths. B.Bystudyingrarebutterflyspecimens.C.Byofferinguphercollectionsforresearch. D.Byintroducingentomologyintouniversities.7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ABattleAgainstSocialConventions B.AWomanWhoCollectedButterfliesC.AnAdventurerTrappedinaWoman D.AnUndertakingThatChangedHistory【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了EleanorGranville喜愛(ài)研究蝴蝶，收集了很多蝴蝶標(biāo)本。文章介紹了她對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inherthirties,thoughsufferingfromamarriagewherethehusbandwasviolentandeventurnedherfamilyagainsther,Granvillesoughtfortbystudyingmothsandbutterflies.(三十多歲的格蘭維爾雖然經(jīng)歷了丈夫的暴力，甚至讓家人反對(duì)她，但她還是通過(guò)研究飛蛾和蝴蝶來(lái)尋求安慰)”可知，研究蝴蝶讓格蘭維爾逃離了生活。故選C。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AnotherenthusiastWilliamVernonreportedthatshehadowned“thenoblestcollectionsofbutterflies,allEnglish,whichhasshamedus”.Shesent100examplestotheRoyalSocietyandalsosentJamesPetiver,England’smostcelebratedbutterflyexpert,boxesofcarefullypinnedbutterflies,includingseveralthathadbeenpreviouslyunknown,andnotablytheonelaternamedtheGranvillefritillarywhosewingscarrystrikingbrownandyellowpatterns,aspeciesofspecialconcernduetothedeclineofthetotalnumberundertheinfluenceoffoodlossandhotterweather.(另一位蝴蝶愛(ài)好者WilliamVernon報(bào)告說(shuō)，她擁有“最高貴的蝴蝶收藏，全都是英國(guó)人，這讓我們感到羞恥”。她給皇家學(xué)會(huì)寄去了100只樣本，還給英國(guó)最著名的蝴蝶專家JamesPetiver寄去了一箱精心釘住的蝴蝶，其中包括一些以前不為人知的蝴蝶，尤其是后來(lái)被命名為Granville的蝴蝶，它的翅膀上有引人注目的棕色和黃色圖案，由于食物損失和天氣變熱，總數(shù)下降，這是一個(gè)特別值得關(guān)注的物種)”可知，格蘭維爾擁有最高貴的蝴蝶收藏，有些蝴蝶被命名為Granville的蝴蝶，她的工作在學(xué)術(shù)上得到了認(rèn)可。故選D。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Apioneerinthestudyofentomology(昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)),Cranvillehelpedmakeitanacademicsubject.Regretfully,onlytwomothsandabutterflyofGranville’spreciousspecimensarestillpreservedinLondon’sNaturalHistoryMuseum.(作為昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)研究的先驅(qū)，克蘭維爾幫助昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)成為一門(mén)學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科。遺憾的是，格蘭維爾的珍貴標(biāo)本中只有兩個(gè)蛾子和一只蝴蝶還保存在倫敦自然歷史博物館)”可知，格蘭維爾把她的收藏品提供給研究。故選C。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Conventionallybutterflieswereregardednotasfascinatingsubjectsforcloseobservationbutassymbolsofshallowness.ButEleanorGranvilletreatedthemwithscientificseriousness.(傳統(tǒng)上，人們認(rèn)為蝴蝶不是值得近距離觀察的迷人對(duì)象，而是膚淺的象征。但埃莉諾·格蘭維爾用科學(xué)的嚴(yán)肅態(tài)度對(duì)待它們)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了EleanorGranville喜愛(ài)研究蝴蝶，收集了很多蝴蝶標(biāo)本。文章介紹了她對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)。可知，B選項(xiàng)“收集蝴蝶的女人”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。CTheworldfeelslikeit’sbeingsetalight.WildfiresinCanadaandEurope,floodsinChina,andaneverendingstreamofrecordbreakingheatwaveshaveconstantlydominatednewspaperheadlines.Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.Butthatfeelingisabarriertoaction—nothinghaschangedwhenwe’vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.Ourpasteffortstellusthereisachance.Theworldhassolvedlargeenvironmentalproblemsthatseemedimpossibletoovereatthetime.Aneyeopeningexampleisacidrain.Studyinghowtheworlddealtwiththisgeopoliticallydivisiveproblemcangiveussomeinspirationonhowwecanaddressclimatechangetoday.Ithasmostlyslippedfromthepublicconversation,butacidrainwastheleadingenvironmentalproblemofthe1990s.Causedbysulfurdioxide(二氧化硫),itdissolvedoldsculptures,strippedforestsoftheirleaves,andpollutedriversandlakes.EmissionsfromtheUKwouldblowovertoSwedenandNorway;emissionsfromtheUSwouldblowovertoCanada.Thisisaclassicgametheoryproblem;outesdon’tonlydependontheactionsofonecountrybutthoseoftheotherstoo.Eventually,governmentofficialshadtosigninternationalagreements,placeemissionslimitsonpowerplantsandstarttoreducecoalburning.Interventionswereincrediblyeffective.InEurope,sulfurdioxideemissionsfellby84percentandintheUSby90percent.Surelyclimatechangeisnottheperfectparallelfortheenvironmentalproblemswe’vesolvedbefore.Itwillbeharder.Itwillinvolveeverycountry,richandpoor.Butchangeishappening.Toaccelerateaction,weneedtohavetheexpectationthatthingscanmovefaster.Pastlessonstellusthattheseexpectationsarenotunrealistic.8.Howdoesthesenseofurgencyaffectattitudestoclimatechange?A.Itdiscouragesteamwork.B.Itfuelsdoubtsaboutefforts.C.Itarousesfearfordisasters.D.Itweakenstrustinnewspapers.9.Whydoestheauthordiscussacidrain?A.Toanalyzethecausesofpresentchallenges.B.Toboostpublicconfidenceinthegovernment.C.Tohighlightacidrain’senvironmentaldamage.D.Toofferinsightsintohandlingclimatechange.10.Whatwasthemainchallengeinaddressingacidrain?A.Theseriousnessofthepollution.B.Unequalsharesofresponsibility.C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.D.Reducingsulfurdioxideemissions.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetocurrentclimatechangemeasures?A.Unsatisfied.B.Dismissive.C.Optimistic.D.Approving.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。作者表明對(duì)當(dāng)前氣候變化的措施不滿，并希望加快行動(dòng)，有所改變。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.Butthatfeelingisabarriertoaction—nothinghaschangedwhenwe’vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.(時(shí)間飛逝的感覺(jué)是非常真實(shí)的。但這種感覺(jué)是行動(dòng)的障礙——當(dāng)我們之前呼吁采取行動(dòng)時(shí)，一切都沒(méi)有改變，所以考慮到看似有限的時(shí)間窗口)”可知，緊迫感引發(fā)了對(duì)人們努力應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的懷疑。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Aneyeopeningexampleisacidrain.Studyinghowtheworlddealtwiththisgeopoliticallydivisiveproblemcangiveussomeinspirationonhowwecanaddressclimatechangetoday.(酸雨就是一個(gè)令人大開(kāi)眼界的例子。研究世界是如何處理這個(gè)地緣政治分裂問(wèn)題的，可以給我們一些啟示，告訴我們今天如何應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化)”可推知，作者討論酸雨是為了提供應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的見(jiàn)解。故選D項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thisisaclassicgametheoryproblem;outesdon’tonlydependontheactionsofonecountrybutthoseoftheotherstoo.Eventually,governmentofficialshadtosigninternationalagreements,placeemissionslimitsonpowerplantsandstarttoreducecoalburning.(這是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的博弈論問(wèn)題；結(jié)果不僅取決于一個(gè)國(guó)家的行動(dòng)，也取決于其他國(guó)家的行動(dòng)。最終，政府官員不得不簽署國(guó)際協(xié)議，對(duì)發(fā)電廠設(shè)定排放限制，并開(kāi)始減少燃煤)”可知，解決酸雨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是尋求國(guó)際合作。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theworldfeelslikeit’sbeingsetalight.WildfiresinCanadaandEurope,floodsinChina,andaneverendingstreamofrecordbreakingheatwaveshaveconstantlydominatednewspaperheadlines.Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.Butthatfeelingisabarriertoaction—nothinghaschangedwhenwe’vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.(整個(gè)世界都像是被點(diǎn)燃了。加拿大和歐洲的野火，中國(guó)的洪水，以及永無(wú)止境的破紀(jì)錄的熱浪不斷占據(jù)報(bào)紙的頭條。時(shí)間飛逝的感覺(jué)是非常真實(shí)的。但這種感覺(jué)是行動(dòng)的障礙——當(dāng)我們之前呼吁采取行動(dòng)時(shí)，一切都沒(méi)有改變，所以考慮到看似有限的時(shí)間窗口)”可推知，作者對(duì)當(dāng)前氣候變化措施是不滿意的。故選A項(xiàng)。DInJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED),definedonefinalword.Afterhis36years’dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll,knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.ThepoeticqualityofMurray’sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject“theWikipediaofthe19thcentury”prising3,000people.Theideawastocreatea“descriptive”dictionarythattrackedwords’useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits“prescriptive”18thcenturypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow“rare,oldfashioned,new,strange”wordswereused.Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie’sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.MsOgilvie’sbookisfullofintriguingstories.Thepresentationofthebookisunconventional,too,takingitsstructurefromtheworkitdescribes.Thereare26alphabeticalchapters,eachcelebratingagroupofcontributors(memorably,“K”isfor“kleptomaniac”peoplewhodesiretosteal).Thisisacleverarrangement,thoughitsometimesmeansthatbroaderissuesemergeonlyinpieces.Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionaryhelperGeorgeEliot,“l(fā)ivedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs”.12Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“takenatoll”inparagraph1mean?A.Paidoff.B.Provedinvain.C.Wornoutthepassion.D.Hadaharmfuleffect.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?A.Itservesasanexampleofdictionaryediting.B.Itprovidesprecisedirectionsforwordusage.C.Itisacooperativeworkofmanyvolunteers.D.ItwaseditedwiththehelpofSamuelJohnson.14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThestorybehindSarahOgilvie’sbook.B.ThedetectivemethodsofSarahOgilvie.C.LegendsoftheearlyOEDeditors.D.Murray’sroleineditingtheOED.15.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewofabook.B.Abiographyofaneditor.C.Anessayondictionaryediting.D.Anintroductiontoadictionary.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了對(duì)Ogilvie女士的書(shū)的評(píng)論及介紹了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人對(duì)它的重大貢獻(xiàn)。【12題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Afterhis36years’dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhad...”(在他36年致力于編纂詞典之后，他的辛勤勞動(dòng)......。)及最后一句“knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.”(因?yàn)樗粫?huì)看到項(xiàng)目完成。)可知，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)看到項(xiàng)目完成，所以在他36年致力于編纂詞典之后，他的辛勤勞動(dòng)沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生明顯的效果。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject“theWikipediaofthe19thcentury”prising3,000people.”（從1857年開(kāi)始，牛津英語(yǔ)詞典是一個(gè)龐大的眾包項(xiàng)目—“19世紀(jì)的維基百科”—由3000人組成。）及第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow“rare,oldfashioned,new,strange”wordswereused.”（志愿者們廣泛閱讀，郵寄“稀有、老式、新、奇怪”單詞的使用示例。）可知，這是許多志愿者的合作工作。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段“MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.”（曾擔(dān)任《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》編輯的學(xué)者Ogilvie女士查閱了牛津大學(xué)出版社的文件，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本舊筆記本。它屬于默里，包含了詞典志愿者的姓名和詳細(xì)信息，其中大多數(shù)人以前都不知道。《人物詞典》是她的偵探學(xué)術(shù)作品，將名字背后的生活帶給讀者。）可知，這段講的是SarahOgilvie的書(shū)背后的故事。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionaryhelperGeorgeEliot,“l(fā)ivedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs”.(本質(zhì)上，這是一個(gè)關(guān)于普通人的故事。用詞典助手喬治·艾略特的話來(lái)說(shuō)，這是這些人“忠實(shí)地過(guò)著隱秘的生活，安息在無(wú)人問(wèn)津的墳?zāi)估铩钡木唧w證據(jù)。)”結(jié)合文章講述了對(duì)Ogilvie女士的書(shū)的評(píng)論及介紹了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人對(duì)它的重大貢獻(xiàn)。可知，這篇文章可能選自書(shū)評(píng)。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。“Tidyingcantransformyourlife.ThisistheattractivepromisefromJapanesedecluttering(清理)expertMarieKondo.Around11millionpeoplehaveboughtherbookTheLifeChangingMagicofTidyingUp,hopingtoachieveherminimalistichappiness.Kondo’smethodisstraightforwardTidyyourhomebycategoryinsteadofbyroom,pulleverythingoutbeforesortingitout,andkeeponlythingsthatareusefulor“sparkjoy”.___16___Clothes,kitchentools,paperwork,evenbooksshouldbecarefullyexamined,assessedandthrownaway.ScientificresearchsuggestsKondoisontosomething.___17___Forexample,researchersattheUniversityofNavarrafoundvolunteersmadelessmistakesinputtingdatainaneatenvironmentthaninamessyone.Ontheotherhand,otherstudiesshowclutter(雜亂)canreduceourabilitytofocusonatask,whichmayexplainwhysomepeoplejustcannotstandworkingatamessydesk.___18___Itcanevenmakeusmorelikelytoreachforjunkfood.Butformostofus,pilesofcluttermaynotseemlikeabigdeal.___19___Andformanypeople,someobjectsaretiedtoemotionallysignificantmemoriesandrepresentapieceofouridentity,whichisdifficulttothrowaway.Scientistsbelievethatthereisarealvalueinclutterandnostalgia(懷舊),especiallyifweareunluckyenoughtodevelopAlzheimer’sinlaterlife.___20___However,thosethatevokehappymemoriesarepriceless,especiallytopeoplewithmemoryproblems.AsAlbertEinsteintheownerofanextremelymessydeskisoftenquotedassaying:“Ifacluttereddeskisasignofaclutteredmind,ofwhat,then,isanemptydeskasign?”A.Butcanwereallybebetteroffwithlessstuff?B.Thewordclutterimpliesitdoesn’thavevalue.C.Tidyenvironmentshelpusthinkmoreclearly.D.Livinginatidyspacecangreatlyincreasehappiness.EMessinesscanalsomakeitharderforustofallasleep.F.Allthatstuffjusthelpsturnthebuildingsweliveinintohomes.G.Nothingissafefromhermissiontoreducethestuffinourlives.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.F20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了整潔的重要性以及方式，同時(shí)說(shuō)明了雜亂的負(fù)面影響。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Kondo’smethodisstraightforwardTidyyourhomebycategoryinsteadofbyroom,pulleverythingoutbeforesortingitout,andkeeponlythingsthatareusefulor“sparkjoy”.(Kondo的方法很簡(jiǎn)單——按類別而不是房間來(lái)整理你的家，在整理之前把所有東西都拿出來(lái)，只留下有用的或“能帶來(lái)快樂(lè)”的東西)”可知，上文提到了Kondo的方法，故本句承接上文，對(duì)她的方法進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，G選項(xiàng)中her指代Kondo。故G選項(xiàng)“她的使命是減少我們生活中的物質(zhì)，沒(méi)有什么是安全的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ScientificresearchsuggestsKondoisontosomething.(科學(xué)研究表明，近藤說(shuō)對(duì)了)”以及后文“Forexample,researchersattheUniversityofNavarrafoundvolunteersmadelessmistakesinputtingdatainaneatenvironmentthaninamessyone.(例如，納瓦拉大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，志愿者在整潔的環(huán)境中輸入數(shù)據(jù)的錯(cuò)誤要比在凌亂的環(huán)境中少)”可知，后文的例子表明整潔的環(huán)境有助于我們思考和工作。故C選項(xiàng)“整潔的環(huán)境有助于我們更清晰地思考”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ontheotherhand,otherstudiesshowclutter(雜亂)canreduceourabilitytofocusonatask,whichmayexplainwhysomepeoplejustcannotstandworkingatamessydesk.(另一方面，其他研究表明，雜亂會(huì)降低我們專注于任務(wù)的能力，這也許可以解釋為什么有些人無(wú)法忍受在凌亂的辦公桌前工作)”以及后文“Itcanevenmakeusmorelikelytoreachforjunkfood.(它甚至?xí)屛覀兏锌赡苋コ岳称?”可知，本句與后文并列，都是在說(shuō)明混亂會(huì)帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響。故E選項(xiàng)“混亂也會(huì)讓我們更難入睡”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Butformostofus,pilesofcluttermaynotseemlikeabigdeal.(但對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，成堆的雜物似乎沒(méi)什么大不了的)”以及后文“Andformanypeople,someobjectsaretiedtoemotionallysignificantmemoriesandrepresentapieceofouridentity,whichisdifficulttothrowaway.(對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，有些物品與情感上重要的記憶聯(lián)系在一起，代表著我們身份的一部分，很難扔掉)”可知，后文列舉了一些物品與重要記憶有關(guān)聯(lián)，可知本句是在說(shuō)明雜物對(duì)我們生活的影響。故F選項(xiàng)“所有這些東西都有助于把我們居住的建筑變成家”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。【20題詳解】上文“Scientistsbelievethatthereisarealvalueinclutterandnostalgia(懷舊),especiallyifweareunluckyenoughtodevelopAlzheimer’sinlaterlife.(科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，凌亂和懷舊有其真正的價(jià)值，特別是如果我們不幸在晚年患上阿爾茨海默氏癥)”以及后文“However,thosethatevokehappymemoriesarepriceless,especiallytopeoplewithmemoryproblems.(然而，那些喚起快樂(lè)回憶的東西是無(wú)價(jià)的，尤其是對(duì)有記憶問(wèn)題的人來(lái)說(shuō))”可知，本句與后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，后文提到那些喚起快樂(lè)回憶的東西是無(wú)價(jià)的，可知本句是在說(shuō)明沒(méi)有價(jià)值。故B選項(xiàng)“雜亂這個(gè)詞意味著它沒(méi)有價(jià)值”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié);滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Skydivinghasalwaysheldafascinationforme.Despitethefear,thereissomethingthat___21___metoit.Itisanadventure,makingmefeel___22___butthrilled,withtheworldopeningupbeforemeinmereseconds.November24,2021,adayperfectformysoloskydiving—sunny,withlittlewind.Aftergoingthroughsafetyruleswithmycoach,I___23___withfaith.AsIflewthroughtheair,theadrenaline(腎上腺素)ranthroughmyveins.However,after30seconds,IrealizedIwaslowerthananticipated.Urgently,withoutstabilizingmybodyposition,I___24___topullmyparachute,onlytohaveitwraparoundmyleg.Itriedtountiethelines,butmyeffortswere___25___.Withthegroundgettingcloser,Ipreparedto___26___.Asanoptimist,Ididn’tthinkitwouldbedestructive.___27___,theautomaticreserve(備用)parachuteopened.Igainedsomecontrol,directingmyselftowardgrass,whichIhopedwould___28___asofterlanding.The___29___turnedoutfarfromgentle.Ilayin____30____pain,screamingforhelp.Theskydivingclubmembersarrivedquicklybuttheydidn’tdaredoanythingduetotheriskof____31____myinjuries.Soon,theairambulancecrewcamewith____32____,offeringtemporaryrelief.Severeinjuriescast____33____onmyfuture.NoonecouldguaranteeifIwouldwalkagain.Stickingtomydetermination,remarkably,Itookmyfirststepsinthreemonths.Myenthusiasmforskydiving____34____afterthathorrifyingexperience.AsIembarkonanotherjourneylateron,Iwillcarrywithmetheundefeated____35____thatpushedmetochallengemylimits.21.A.draws B.forces C.drags D.exposes22.A.embarrassed B.terrified C.satisfied D.superior23.A.stormed B.roared C.marched D.leaped24.A.rushed B.failed C.ceased D.tended25.A.helpful B.fruitless C.risky D.tireless26.A.slide B.rise C.die D.crash27.A.Tragically B.Thankfully C.Hopefully D.Regrettably28.A.makefor B.eacross C.resultfrom D.setup29.A.influence B.pressure C.impact D.bounce30.A.unnoticeable B.predictable C.unbearable D.tolerable31.A.worsening B.strengthening C.adding D.causing32.A.blankets B.stretchers C.painkillers D.wheelchairs33.A.suspicion B.light C.despair D.uncertainty34.A.disappears B.remains C.declines D.expands35.A.pursuit B.reality C.motto D.spirit【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.B26.D27.B28.A29.C30.C31.A32.C33.D34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者喜歡跳傘，并在一次跳傘中受傷，受傷之后作者對(duì)跳傘的熱情依舊，并帶著永不言敗的精神繼續(xù)挑戰(zhàn)自己的極限。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管有恐懼，但還是有一些東西吸引著我。A.draws畫(huà)，吸引；B.forces迫使；C.drags拖；D.exposes暴露。根據(jù)前文“Skydivinghasalwaysheldafascinationforme.”可知，跳傘吸引著作者。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一次冒險(xiǎn)，讓我既害怕又興奮，世界在幾秒鐘內(nèi)展現(xiàn)在我面前。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.terrified害怕的；C.satisfied滿意的；D.superior優(yōu)越的。根據(jù)前文“Despitethefear”可知，跳傘讓作者既害怕又興奮。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在和教練講完安全規(guī)則后，我滿懷信心地跳了下去。A.stormed突襲；B.roared咆哮；C.marched進(jìn)軍；D.leaped跳躍。根據(jù)前文“Aftergoingthroughsafetyruleswithmycoach”和后文“AsIflewthroughtheair,theadrenaline(腎上腺素)ranthroughmyveins.”可知，在教練講完安全規(guī)則后，作者滿懷信心地跳了下去。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定身體姿勢(shì)的情況下，我急急地沖過(guò)去拉降落傘，結(jié)果降落傘纏在了我的腿上。A.rushed沖；B.failed失敗；C.ceased停止；D.tended照顧。根據(jù)前文“IrealizedIwaslowerthananticipated.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡咭庾R(shí)到自己比預(yù)期的要低，所以急急地沖過(guò)去拉降落傘。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我試著解開(kāi)繩子，但我的努力是徒勞的。A.helpful有幫助的；B.fruitless無(wú)成果的；C.risky冒險(xiǎn)的；D.tireless不知疲倦的。根據(jù)后文“The___9___turnedoutfarfromgentle.Ilayin___10___pain,screamingforhelp.”可知，作者的努力是徒勞的，結(jié)果造成不良后果。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著地面越來(lái)越近，我就要墜落撞地啦。A.slide滑動(dòng)；B.rise上升；C.die死亡；D.crash碰撞，墜落。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“Withthegroundgettingcloser”可知，地面越來(lái)越近，作者就要墜落撞地了。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：謝天謝地，自動(dòng)備用降落傘打開(kāi)了。A.Tragically悲慘地；B.Thankfully謝天謝地；C.Hopefully希望；D.Regrettably遺憾的是。根據(jù)后文“theautomaticreserve(備用)parachuteopened”可知，因?yàn)樽詣?dòng)備用降落傘打開(kāi)了，作者才不至于墜落撞地硬著陸，所以說(shuō)，謝天謝地。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：我稍稍能控制住了自己，讓自己朝著草地沖去，我希望這樣能使著陸更柔軟。A.makefor走向，促成；B.eacross偶然遇到；C.resultfrom由于；D.setup建立。根據(jù)前文“Igainedsomecontrol,directingmyselftowardgrass”和后文“aso