Unit2WildlifeProtection一、閱讀理解AAnewrulehasbeenpassedthatwillprotectmorethan50oftheworld’ssharkspecies，manyofwhichareendangered.ThedealwassignedbytheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFlora（CITES），whichmanageshowpeopledealinplantsandanimals.Mostoftheworld’scountriesaremembersofCITES.Thedealputs60sharkspeciesundertheprotectionofCITES.Oneofthereasonssharksareendangeredisthattheyarehuntedfortheirfins（鰭），whichareusedinsharkfinsoup.Thesharksthatarehuntedmostfortheirfinsincludeblueandtigersharks.Thankstothisagreement，around95％ofsharksthatpeoplecatchfortheirfinsarenowprotected.Thismeansthatanyonetryingtobuyorsellthesetypesofsharksmustshowanofficialdocument.Theseofficialdocumentswillonlybegiventopeopleorcompaniesthathaveprovedtoscientiststhattheirbusinessdoesn’tendangerwildlifeordamagetheocean.Conservationistshopethedealwillprotectbiodiversityinthesea.Sharksareveryimportantforthisbecausetheyareusuallyapexanimalsthathunt，killandeatotheranimals.Thatmeanstheyareatthehighestpointofthe"foodchain".Ifsharksweretodisappear，itwouldseriouslyaffectsealifelowerdownthefoodchain，assomespecies’numberswouldincreasefast.Thiscouldaffectthedelicatebalanceofallsealife.Somebiologistshavecriticisedthenewrule.Theythinkthatmakingithardertofishforsharkswillmaketheirfinsevenmoreexpensive，whichwouldencourageillegalfishing.However，ShawnHeinrichsfromOnlyOne，agroupthatcampaignstoprotecttheocean，calledit"thebiggestwininthehistoryofoceanspecies".本文是說明文，主要圍繞一項旨在管理鯊魚貿易的新協議展開。【詞語積累】endangeredadj.（動植物）瀕臨滅絕的，瀕危的conservationistn.自然環境保護主義者biodiversityn.生物多樣性【熟詞生義】campaign常用義：n.運動，戰役文中義：v.領導運動1.Whywasthenewdealmade？A.Tocontrolthetradeinendangeredsharks.B.Topreservebiodiversityinthesea.C.Tobanpeoplefromfishingforsharks.D.Toprotectendangeredplantsandanimals.解析A細節理解題。由第一段中的"Thedealwassigned...whichmanageshowpeopledealinplantsandanimals"和第二段中的"Thankstothisagreement...anyonetryingtobuyorsellthesetypesofsharksmustshowanofficialdocument"可知，這一新協議是用來管理鯊魚貿易的，故選A。2.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"apex"inparagraph3？A.Frightening. B.Major.C.Dangerous. D.Top.解析D詞義猜測題。由"Thatmeanstheyareatthehighestpointofthe‘foodchain’"可知，鯊魚通常都是位于食物鏈頂端的動物，它們追捕、殺死并吃掉其他動物，因此選D。3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewrulefromthelastparagraph？A.Itcanpreventillegalfishing.B.Itisadebatabledeal.C.Itdoeswondersforoceanspecies.D.Itisquestionedbymostbiologists.解析B推理判斷題。由最后一段中的"Somebiologistshavecriticisedthenewrule"以及"However，ShawnHeinrichsfromOnlyOne...calledit‘thebiggestwininthehistoryofoceanspecies’"可知，人們對這一新協議的態度并不一樣，有些人支持，有些人反對，因此這一新協議是有爭議的，故選B。4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthistext？A.NationsSignUptoSaveSharksB.NewRulesBenefitLifeintheOceanC.SharksAreVitaltoOceanBiodiversityD.CITESAimstoProtectOceanSpecies解析A標題歸納題。本文主要圍繞一項旨在保護鯊魚的新協議展開，故選A。B[生態環保/2023山東濰坊統考]TheAtlanticsalmon（鮭）ofScotlandarehardyanddeterminedanimals.Eachspringandsummer，theyreturnfromtheNorthAtlanticOceantolayeggsinScotland’sshallowrivers，leapingupwaterfallsandoverbarriers，pushingthemselvesupstreaminenormousefforts.Somefail，andtheotherssucceed，buttodaytheyfaceanotherchallenge.Duringthemid-1980s，therewerebetweeneightandtenmillionsalmonswimmingaroundScotland’sAtlanticcoast；thatnumberhasnowdroppedsharply.There’sevidenceofrisingat-seadeathasclimatechangewarmsandacidifiestheocean，reducingtheavailabilityofthesalmon’sprey（獵物）.Newresearchsuggestsclimatechangeisalsobearingdownonrivers，whichisbadnewsforsalmon.Havingadaptedtolifeincoldwater，salmonexperienceslowgrowthandpopulationchangesathightemperatures.Heatinfluencestheirhealthandreducestheirresistancetodisease."Nowsalmonarestrugglingtodealwiththerisingtemperatures.Therearerecentrecordsof27℃intheupperreachesoftheDeecatchment，"saysPeterCairns，directorofanenvironmentalcharity.In2018，Scotlandrecordedthelowestrodcatchforsalmonsincerecordsbegan.Evidencesuggeststhatthedegradedqualityofrivercatchmentsworsenstheimpactofourchangingclimate."AtlanticsalmonevolvedusingriversystemsinScotlandthatwereoncewaymoreforestedandthereforeshaded，"saysCairns.YetScotlandistodayoneoftheleastwoodedcountriesinEurope，withjust3percentofitsnativewoodlandundamaged.Scientistshavefoundthatjust35percentofriversinScotlandhaveenoughtreecoverforsalmonsurvival.Amovementtogettreesbackonriverbanksisgatheringpace."Broadleaftreesclosetothebankcanreducethelightthatentersthewater，"explainsfisheriesscientistAnthonyHawkins.AnewinitiativecalledRiverwoods—ledbytheScottishWildlifeTrustandsupportedbyScottishWaterandseveralothergovernmentandregulatorybodies—aimstocreateanetworkofwoodlandsalongScotland’sriverbanks，andhasalreadyreceivedanumberoflargefunds."Moneyisnotthepressingbusiness.Riverhealthiscomplex，buttreeplantingisoneofthemostbasicthingswecangetstartedwithrightaway，"saysCairns.全球變暖給大西洋鮭的生存帶來了極大的挑戰，為了給大西洋鮭提供更好的生存環境，蘇格蘭有關部門計劃在河岸上植樹?！驹~語積累】hardyadj.能吃苦耐勞的，適應力強的；耐寒的acidifyv.（使）變成酸，酸化beardownon加壓力于woodedadj.樹木覆蓋的pressingadj.緊迫的，不容忽視的1.WhydoAtlanticsalmonmakegreatjourneysbacktotherivers？A.Tosearchforfoods.B.Toreproduce.C.Theriversarerelativelycool.D.Theseasareincreasinglywarm.解析B細節理解題。由第一段中的"Eachspringandsummer，theyreturnfromtheNorthAtlanticOceantolayeggsinScotland’sshallowrivers"可知，大西洋鮭每年春夏之際會洄游到蘇格蘭去產卵，故B項正確。reproduce繁殖，生育。2.Howdotherisingtemperaturesinriversaffectsalmon？A.Theymakethemgrowmorequickly.B.Theymakethemmoreheat-resistant.C.Theymakethemlessactiveinwater.D.Theymakethemmorelikelytogetdiseases.解析D細節理解題。由第二段最后一句"Heatinfluencestheirhealthandreducestheirresistancetodisease"可知，高溫影響了大西洋鮭的健康，降低了它們對疾病的抵抗力，據此可推知，它們更容易得病，故D項正確。3.WhatisachallengeforsalmonwhentheyreturntoScotland’srivers？A.Thereisashortageoffood.B.Therearemanyfishermen.C.Theecologicalenvironmenthaschanged.D.Theriversystemsareunsuitablefortheforestgrowth.解析C細節理解題。由第三段中的"‘AtlanticsalmonevolvedusingriversystemsinScotland...oneoftheleastwoodedcountriesinEurope"可知，大西洋鮭已經適應了蘇格蘭森林茂密的生態環境，然而現在的蘇格蘭卻成了歐洲樹木覆蓋最少的國家之一，這對大西洋鮭來說是一個挑戰，故C項正確。4.WhatdoesCairnsreallyintendtotellusinthelastparagraph？A.Itisurgenttoplantriverbanktrees.B.Itistoohardtorestoretheriverhealth.C.Thereisenoughmoneyfortheproject.D.Therearetoomanyvitalthingstodealwith.解析A推理判斷題。由最后一段中Cairns所說的話中的"treeplantingisoneofthemostbasicthingswecangetstartedwithrightaway"可知，Cairns認為種樹是可以立刻開始著手做的事情之一，據此可以推斷，Cairns認為當務之急是種植河岸樹木，故A項正確。二、完形填空[2023廣東深圳一調]NatalieandCallie，both13yearsold，startedraisingmonarchbutterflies（黑脈金斑蝶）forfunin2020.Butafterrealizingmonarchbutterflieswereanendangeredspecies，their1soonturnedintoaseriousmission.Theylearnedthatthepopulationofmonarchbutterflieshad2sincetheearly1990s，duetohabitat3andwidespreaduseofchemicals，whichmademilkweedsmonarchbutterflies4fortheirmaindietdangeroustoeat.Sothegirlsteamedupwithanationalnonprofitgrouptoplantanativegarden5forthebutterflies.Thegardengreworganicmilkweedsthat6andkeptthebutterflies.Tohelp7thelocalstosustainthemonarchbutterfly’spopulation，theycreatedanexhibitionaboutmonarchbutterfliesinthelocallibrary.Theyalsowantedtoputupaneducationalsignintown，butit8alot.Tocovertheexpense，theysetupastandattheFarmersMarkettoselltheir9milkweedsforpeopletoplant.Althoughthefundraisingdayswere10，theyfinallysucceededinearningenoughmoneywiththeirhardworkandpeople’ssupport.TheteamhaswontheSilverAwardfortheir11oftakingcareofthesebutterflies，buttheyarenot12withtheirwork."Ournextstepistocutdownontheuseof13toguaranteeasafeenvironmentforthemonarchbutterflies，"saidNatalie.Intheawardceremony，theirteacherBrian14，"Iamsoproudofthemfortheirconstant15."13歲的Natalie和Callie之前把養黑脈金斑蝶當作一個業余愛好，但是當了解到黑脈金斑蝶是瀕危物種后，她們便開始采取措施保護黑脈金斑蝶。1.A.dream B.hobbyC.career D.decision解析B由上文中的"startedraisingmonarchbutterflies（黑脈金斑蝶）forfun"可知，Natalie和Callie把養黑脈金斑蝶當作一種業余愛好（hobby）。2.A.doubled B.agedC.declined D.exploded解析C由上文中的"monarchbutterflieswereanendangeredspecies"可知，黑脈金斑蝶的數量下降（declined）了。3.A.management B.assessmentC.selection D.destruction解析D由語境可知，此處說的是黑脈金斑蝶數量下降的原因。由空后的"widespreaduseofchemicals"和常識可知，黑脈金斑蝶數量下降的原因之一是棲息地遭到了破壞（destruction）。management經營，管理；assessment評估，評定；selection選擇，挑選，選拔。4.A.reliedon B.keptoffC.brokedownD.gaveaway解析A黑脈金斑蝶主要依賴（reliedon）馬利筋草而生。keepoff與……保持距離；breakdown分解，出故障，失??；giveaway贈送，泄露。5.A.partly B.secretlyC.rarely D.specially解析D兩個女孩聯合一個國家級非營利性團體專門（specially）為黑脈金斑蝶在當地種出了一個花園。6.A.attracted B.protectedC.monitored D.trapped解析A上文中講到了馬利筋草是黑脈金斑蝶的主要食物，那么，有機的馬利筋草可以吸引（attracted）黑脈金斑蝶。7.A.employ B.educateC.force D.limit解析B由語境和常識可知，她們在當地圖書館舉辦展覽是為了教導（educate）當地人維持黑脈金斑蝶的數量。employ雇用，使用，運用；force強迫；limit限制。8.A.meant B.costC.changed D.hurt解析B由下文中的"Tocovertheexpense"和"thefundraising"可知，在鎮里搭建教育標牌花費（cost）很大。9.A.dry B.medicalC.healthy D.wild解析Chealthy（健康的）符合語境。10.A.pleasing B.lightC.long D.disappointing解析C由Although和下文中的"theyfinallysucceededinearningenoughmoney"可以推知，籌款活動花費的時間有點兒長（long）。11.A.project B.conceptC.schedule D.assignment解析A此處指的是她們保護黑脈金斑蝶的項目（project）。concept概念，觀念；schedule工作計劃，日程安排；assignment（分派的）工作，任務。12.A.concerned B.connectedC.finished D.occupied解析C由下文中的"Ournextstepistocutdownontheuse"可知，她們保護黑脈金斑蝶的行動并沒有結束（finished）。concerned擔心的，憂慮的；connected有關聯的；occupied忙于……的。13.A.chemicals B.timeC.funds D.energy解析A由上文中的"widespreaduseofchemicals"和下文中的"guaranteeasafeenvironmentforthemonarchbutterflies"可知，她們的下一步是要減少化學品（chemicals）的使用。14.A.quoted B.continuedC.replied D.commented解析D由"Iamsoproudofthemfortheirconstant15"可知，引號中的內容是老師的評論，故選D。15.A.donations B.supportC.patience D.efforts解析D由全文內容可知，Natalie和Callie一直在為保護黑脈金斑蝶努力，老師也為此感到驕傲，故選D。三、語法填空[生態環保/]Themountainbongoantelope（山地紫羚），oneofthemostendangeredanimals，islikelytocontinuewanderinginthewildforlonger.1（follow）18yearsofconservationefforts，staffmembersfromtheMountKenyaWildlifeConservancyreachedamilestonethisyear—thefirstbabymountainbongowasborninthewild.Unique2equatorialforests，themountainbongoisthelargestandmostcolorfuloftheforestantelopesinAfrica.Thisspecies3（see）adramaticdeclineinnumbersinthelastfewdecadesfrom4estimatedpopulationof25，000tolessthan100.Itspopulationdeclinewas5（main）human-driven.NowtheconservancyismakingeffortsinpartnershipwiththeKenyangovernmenttohelpthemountainbongothroughone6（innovate）breeding（飼養）andrewildingprogram."Duetothemassivedecline，we7（leave）withlessthan100ofthespeciesinthewild.Themountainb