分子生物學(xué)中英文對(duì)照MolecularBiology中文被稱為分子生物學(xué)，它是研究分子層面上生命現(xiàn)象的一門(mén)學(xué)科。在分子生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域里，有許多專(zhuān)有名詞和術(shù)語(yǔ)需要進(jìn)行中英文對(duì)照。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的分子生物學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)及其對(duì)應(yīng)的中英文翻譯。基因和DNA基因(Gene)DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）(DNA-DeoxyribonucleicAcid)RNA（核糖核酸）(RNA-RibonucleicAcid)基因組(Genome)核苷酸(Nucleotide)單鏈DNA(Single-strandedDNA)雙鏈DNA(Double-strandedDNA)編碼區(qū)(CodingRegion)非編碼區(qū)(Non-codingRegion)反義鏈(AntisenseStrand)同義鏈(SenseStrand)基因表達(dá)(GeneExpression)轉(zhuǎn)錄(Transcription)翻譯(Translation)提取DNA(DNAExtraction)擴(kuò)增(Amplification)PCR（聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)）(PolymeraseChnReaction)蛋白質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)(Protein)蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)(ProteinStructure)氨基酸(AminoAcid)脂肪酸(FattyAcid)磷酸化(Phosphorylation)翻譯后修飾(Post-translationalModification)折疊(Folding)可溶性(Solubility)基質(zhì)(Matrix)酶(Enzyme)組成(Composition)酶促反應(yīng)(EnzymaticReaction)共價(jià)鍵(CovalentBond)非共價(jià)鍵(Non-covalentBond)蛋白質(zhì)純化(ProteinPurification)免疫印跡(WesternBlot)基因調(diào)控轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(TranscriptionFactor)順式作用元件(Cis-actingElement)基因調(diào)控(GeneRegulation)基因啟動(dòng)子(GenePromoter)上游調(diào)控區(qū)(UpstreamRegulatoryRegion)轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點(diǎn)(TranscriptionStartSite)轉(zhuǎn)錄終止位點(diǎn)(TranscriptionTerminationSite)原核表達(dá)調(diào)控(ProkaryoticExpressionRegulation)真核表達(dá)調(diào)控(EukaryoticExpressionRegulation)表觀遺傳學(xué)(Epigenetics)甲基化(Methylation)乙酰化(Acetylation)去乙酰化(Deacetylation)修飾酶(ModificationEnzyme)RNA干涉(RNAInterference)結(jié)合蛋白(BindingProtein)基因工程和遺傳工程基因工程(GeneticEngineering)基因組編輯(GenomeEditing)基因突變(GeneMutation)轉(zhuǎn)基因(GeneticallyModified)載體(Vector)重組DNA技術(shù)(RecombinantDNATechnology)限制性酶(RestrictionEnzyme)病毒載體(ViralVector)基因表達(dá)載體(ExpressionVector)基因轉(zhuǎn)染(GeneTransfection)移植(Transplantation)克隆(Cloning)熒光標(biāo)記(FluorescentLabeling)RNA合成(RNASynthesis)基因測(cè)序(GeneSequencing)其他分子生物學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)溶液(Solution)緩沖液(Buffer)離心(Centrifugation)電泳(GelElectrophoresis)單克隆抗體(MonoclonalAntibody)多克隆抗體(PolyclonalAntibody)表觀轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)(Epitranscriptomics)轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)(Transcriptomics)基因組學(xué)(Genomics)蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)(Proteomics)以上是一些分子生物學(xué)中常見(jiàn)的術(shù)語(yǔ)及其中英文對(duì)照。在學(xué)習(xí)和研究分子生物學(xué)的過(guò)程中，掌握這些術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯對(duì)于理解文獻(xiàn)和參與討論非常重要。希望這份文檔能幫助您更好地理解分子生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的中英文對(duì)照。參考文獻(xiàn)：AlbertsB,JohnsonA,LewisJ,etal.

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