匯報人：XX中考英語語法重點考點回顧與拓展2024-02-06目錄TenseandvoiceNounsandArticlesAdjectivesandAdverbsVerbsandVerbalPhrases賓語從句與定語從句Adverbialclausesandsubjunctivemood01TenseandvoiceChapter

Simplepresenttense,simplepasttense,andsimplefuturetenseSimplepresenttenseexpresseshabits,generaltruths,scheduledevents,andongoingactionsinthepresent.Simplepasttensedescribescompletedactionsoreventsthatoccurredinthepast.Simplefuturetenseindicatesfutureactionsoreventsthatwilloccurinthefuture,oftenwithatimereference.Pastcontinuoustensedescribesactionsoreventsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast.Futurecontinuoustenseindicatesactionsoreventsthatwillbeinprogressataspecifictimeinthefuture.Presentcontinuoustenseexpressesongoingactionsoreventsthatarehappeningatthemomentofspeaking.Presentcontinuoustense,pastcontinuoustense,futurecontinuoustense123expressesactionsoreventsthatoccurredinthepastbuthaverelevancetothepresent.Presentperfecttensedescribesactionsoreventsthatwerecompletedbeforeanotheractionoreventinthepast.Pastperfecttenseindicatesactionsoreventsthatwillbecompletedbeforeacertaintimeinthefuture.FutureperfecttensePresentperfecttense,pastperfecttense,futureperfecttensePassivevoiceisformedbyusingtheappropriateformoftheverb"tobe"followedbythepastparticipleofthemainverb.Passivevoiceisusedwhenthefocusisontheactionratherthanthedoer,orwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportant.Itcanalsobeusedtocreateamoreobjectivetoneortovarysentencestructureforstylisticpurposes.CompositionUsageTheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoice02NounsandArticlesChapterCountablenounsrefertoindividualpeople,places,things,orideasthatcanbecounted.Uncountablenounsrefertosubstances,concepts,orabstractideasthatcannotbecountedindividually.Commonexamplesofcountablenounsinclude"apple,""chair,"and"idea,"whileuncountablenounsinclude"water,""happiness,"and"information."CountableanduncountablenounsThepluralformofanounistypicallycreatedbyaddingan-sor-essuffixtotheendoftheword.Pluralnounsareusedtorefertomorethanoneperson,place,thing,oridea.Somenounsformtheirpluralsirregularly,suchas"man"becoming"men"or"woman"becoming"women."Itisimportanttousepluralnounscorrectlytoavoidgrammaticalerrorsandensureclearcommunication.ThepluralformandusageofnounsThearticle"a"isusedbeforesingularnounsthatstartwithaconsonantsound.Thearticle"the"isusedtorefertospecificnounsthathavealreadybeenmentionedorareknowntothelistener/reader.Itisessentialtousethecorrectarticlebeforeanountoconveytheintendedmeaningaccurately.Thearticle"an"isusedbeforesingularnounsthatstartwithavowelsound.Theusageofthearticlea/an/the輸入標題02010403ZeroArticleThezeroarticleisusedwhennoarticleisneededbeforeanoun.UnderstandingwhentousethezeroarticlecanhelpimprovethefluencyandnaturalnessofyourEnglishspeechandwriting.Forexample,"Ienjoyreadingbooks"doesnotrequireanarticlebefore"books"becauseitreferstothegeneralcategoryofbooks.Thistypicallyoccurswithpluralnounsthatrepresentageneralcategoryorabstractconcept.03AdjectivesandAdverbsChapterFormationAdjectivestypicallyformtheircomparativeandsuperlativeformsbyadding"-er"or"-est,"respectively,orbyprecedingtheadjectivewith"more"or"most"formulti-syllableadjectives.UsageThecomparativeformisusedtocomparetwothings,whilethesuperlativeformisusedtocomparethreeormorethings.IrregularformsSomeadjectiveshaveirregularcomparativeandsuperlativeforms,suchas"good"(better,best)and"bad"(worse,worst).ThecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadjectivesFormation01Adverbstypicallyformtheircomparativeandsuperlativeformsinthesamewayasadjectives,eitherbyadding"-er"or"-est"orbyusing"more"or"most."Usage02Adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbsandareusedtoexpressdegreesofmanner,time,place,orfrequency.Commonexamples03"quickly"(morequickly,mostquickly),"slowly"(moreslowly,mostslowly).ThecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadverbsAdjectivesAdjectivestypicallyprecedethenounstheymodify,althoughtheycanalsofollowlinkingverbsorbeusedaspredicateadjectives.AdverbsAdverbscanappearinvariouspositionsinasentence,dependingonthetypeofadverbandtheinformationitmodifies.Theycanprecedeorfollowthemainverb,ortheycanappearatthebeginningorendofasentenceforemphasis.OrderofadjectivesWhenmultipleadjectivesmodifyanoun,theytypicallyfollowaspecificorder:quantityornumber,age,color,origin,material.ThepositionofadjectivesandadverbsinsentencesPrimitiveformTheprimitiveformofanadjectiveoradverbisthebasic,unmodifiedformthatisusedtodescribesomethinginageneralway.ComparativeformThecomparativeformisusedtocomparetwothingsandexpresswhichoneismoreorlessofacertainquality.SuperlativeformThesuperlativeformisusedtocomparethreeormorethingsandexpresswhichoneisthemostorleastofacertainquality.Itisoftenprecededbythearticle"the."ThePrimitive,Comparative,andSuperlativeUsageofAdjectivesandAdverbs04VerbsandVerbalPhrasesChapterThetypesandbasicformsofverbsRegularVerbsVerbsthatformtheirpasttenseandpastparticiplebyadding-edor-d(e.g.,walked,talked).IrregularVerbsVerbsthatdonotfollowtheregularpatternofadding-edor-d(e.g.,went,ate).ModalVerbsVerbsthatexpressmodality,suchaspossibility,necessity,orability(e.g.,can,may,must).PhrasalVerbsVerbscombinedwithprepositionsoradverbstocreatenewmeanings(e.g.,lookup,breakdown).Verb+NounCollocations:Verbsthatcommonlyoccurwithspecificnouns(e.g.,makeadecision,dohomework).Verb+AdverbCollocations:Verbsthatareoftenaccompaniedbyadverbs(e.g.,speakloudly,runquickly).IdiomaticVerbPhrases:Verbphrasesthathaveafixedmeaningnotdeduciblefromtheindividualwords(e.g.,pullsomeone'sleg,beataroundthebush).Verb+PrepositionCollocations:Verbsthataretypicallyfollowedbyprepositions(e.g.,dependon,agreewith).Verbphrasesandtheircollocations情態動詞的用法Can/CouldExpressesability,possibility,orpermission(e.g.,Icanswim;Couldyoupassmethesalt?).May/MightIndicatespossibilityorpermission(e.g.,MayIborrowyourpen?;Theymightcometomorrow.).MustExpressesnecessityorstrongobligation(e.g.,Youmustfinishyourhomework.).Should/OughttoSuggestswhatisconsideredrightorappropriate(e.g.,Youshouldapologize;Heoughttoknowbetter.).InfinitivesThebasicformoftheverb,precededby"to"(e.g.,torun,towrite).Verbsendingin"-ing"thatfunctionasnouns(e.g.,Runningisgoodexercise.).Verbsendingin"-ing"or"-ed"thatfunctionasadjectivesoraspartofverbphrases(e.g.,Theinterestingbook;Iaminterestedinreading.).Verbsthatdonotshowtense,person,ornumberandareusedasmodifiersorcomplementsinsentences(e.g.,tohaveseen,havingseen,seen).GerundsParticiplesNon-finiteVerbsinGeneral非謂語動詞的簡介05賓語從句與定語從句Chapter賓語從句的引導詞包括that、if/whether、wh-詞（what、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why、how等）。賓語從句應使用陳述句語序，即“引導詞+主語+謂語”的結構。例如，“Idon'tknowwhatheisdoing.”（我不知道他在做什么。）賓語從句的引導詞及語序語序引導詞引導詞定語從句的引導詞包括關系代詞（that、which、who、whom、whose）和關系副詞（when、where、why）。關系代詞在從句中充當主語、賓語或定語，關系副詞在從句中充當狀語。用法定語從句用于修飾名詞或代詞，提供額外的信息。例如，“ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.”（我從圖書館借的那本書很有趣。）Introductionwordsandusageofrelativeclauses混合使用賓語從句和定語從句可以在同一個句子中混合使用。例如，“Idon'tknowthemanwhotoldmethatyouwerecoming.”（我不認識那個告訴我你要來的人。）注意事項在混合使用時，要注意從句之間的邏輯關系和語法結構，確保句子意思清晰、語法正確。Themixeduseoftwotypesofclauses賓語從句和定語從句的時態應與主句時態保持一致，除非從句表達的是客觀事實或普遍真理。時態賓語從句和定語從句可以根據需要使用被動語態。例如，“Iwastoldthatthemeetinghadbeencancelled.”（我被告知會議已經取消了。）語態在使用時態和語態時，要注意從句與主句之間的邏輯關系和語境，確保表達準確、自然。注意事項Tenseandvoiceinclauses06AdverbialclausesandsubjunctivemoodChapterTimeadverbialclauses:Guidedbywordssuchas"when,""while,""after,"etc.,theseclausesdescribethetimeatwhichthemainclauseactionoccurs.Causeandeffectadverbialclauses:Guidedbywordslike"because,""since,""as,"etc.,theseclausesexplainthereasonorcauseforthemainclauseaction.Conditionadverbialclauses:Guidedbywordssuchas"if,""unless,""providedthat,"etc.,theseclausesstateaconditionthatmustbemetforthemainclauseactiontooccur.Concessionadverbialclauses:Guidedbywordslike"although,""though,""eventhough,"etc.,theseclausesintroduceacontrastorconcessiontothemainclauseaction.TypesofAdverbialClauseandGuidingWordsThesubjunctivemoodisaverbformthatexpressesanon-realorhypotheticalsituation,oftenusedinwishes,suggestions,doubts,regrets,andothernon-factualstatements.Thesubjunctivemoodoftenoccursincertainfixedexpressionsandstructures,suchas"Itisimportantthat...,""Isuggestthat...,""Iwouldratherthat...,"etc.Thesubjunctivemoodistypicallyformedbyusingthebaseformoftheverb(without"-s"or"-es"inthethirdpersonsingular)inthepresenttenseandthepastparticipleinthe