20202021學年控江中學高三上英語一次月考II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.VideoGamesFosteringCreativeFreedomBenefitsCreativityVideogamesthatfostercreativefreedomcanincreasecreativityundercertainconditions,accordingtonewresearchfromIowaStateUniversity.TheexperimentalstudyparedtheeffectofplayingMinecraft(《我的世界》：當個創世神)，withor(21)instruction,towatchingaTVshoworplayingaracecarvideogame.Those(22)(give)thefreedomtoplayMinecraftwithoutinstructionweremostcreative."It'snotjustthatMinecraftcanhelpinducecreativity.Thereseemstobesomethingaboutchoosingtodo(23)alsomatters,"saidDouglessGentile,aprofessorofpsychology.(24)youarenotfamiliarwiththegame,GentilesaysMinecraftislikeavirtualLegoworld.Thegame,whichhassoldmorethan100millioncopies,allowsplayerstoexploreuniqueworldsandcreateanythingtheycanimagine.StudyparticipantsrandomlyassignedtoplayMinecraft(25)(split)intotwogroups.Theonereceivinginstructionwastoldtoplayascreativelyaspossible.After40minutesofplayorwatchingTV,the352participantspletedseveralcreativitytasks.(26)(measure)creativeproduction,theywereaskedtodrawacreaturefromaworldmuchdifferentthanEarth.Morehumanlikecreaturesscoredlowforcreativityandthoselesshumanlikescoredhigh.Surprisingly,thoseinstructedtobecreativewhileplayingMinecraftweretheleastcreative.Gentilesaysthere'snoclearexplanationforthisfinding.InthepaperpublishedbyCreativityResearchJournal,he,JorgeBlancoHerrera,leadauthorandformermaster'sstudentinpsychology;andJeffreyRokkum,formerPh.D.studentinpsychology,outlinedpossiblereasons(27)theinstructedMinecraftgroupscoredlower.BlancoHerrerasaystheinstructionsmay(28)(change)subjectsmotivationforplay."(29)(tell)tobecreativemayhaveactuallylimitedtheiroptionswhileplaying,resultinginalesscreativeexperience,"BlancoHerrerasaid."It'salsopossibletheyusedalltheir'creativejuices'whileplayingandhadnothingleft(30)itcametimetopletethetest.”SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.relianceB.soughtC.processD.contributingE.scalableF.deliveredG.feasibleH.efficientI.positionedJ.occurringK.significantNewPathtoPlasticsAcrucialponentcouldefromexistingcarbonsources.Ethylene(乙烯)istheworld'smostpopularindustrialchemical.Consumersandindustrydemand150milliontonseveryyear,andmostofitgoesintocountlessplasticproducts,fromelectronicstotextiles.Togetethylene,energypaniescrackhydrocarbons(碳氫化合物)fromnaturalgasinaprocessthatrequiresalotofheatandenergy,(31)toclimatechangecausingemissions.Scientistsrecentlymadeethylenebybiningcarbondioxidegas,waterandorganicmolecules(分子)onthesurfaceofacoppercatalyst(催化劑)insideanelectrolyzeradevicethatuseselectricitytodriveachemicalreaction.The(32),describedlastNovemberonlineinNature,couldpointthewaytowardusingcarbondioxideasfeedstockforchemicalsandpotentiallyfuels,helpingtoreduce(33)onfossilfuelsandtoputadentinindustrialcarbonemission.ThediscoverygrowsoutofworkpublishedlastyearbyUniversityofTorontoengineerTedSargent,describingasimilarprocessthatusedmoreelectricityandwasless(34)overall.SoSargentsayshe(35)outresearchersattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologywhoare"blackbeltsinmoleculardesignandsynthesis."CaltechchemistsJonasPetersandTheodorAgapieandtheircolleaguesexperimentedwithorganicmoleculestoaddtothecoppercatalyst.AnarylpyridinumsaltturnedouttobetheGoldilocksmolecule,Sargentsaysitformedawaterinsoluble(不溶于水的)film(薄膜)onthecopperthat(36)thecarbondioxidesoitsmoleculesreactedmostefficientlywithoneanother,withoutslowingdownthereaction.Theresultwasmoreethylene,withfewerbyproductssuchasmethane(甲烷)andhydrogen.Still,theprocessmustbeeevenmoreefficientbeforeitcanbemercially(37)andusecarbonscrubbedorcapturedfromfacilitiessuchascoalorgasburningpowerplants.Lowerenergycosts,already(38)withrenewableenergysourcessuchaswind,couldalsohelpmakeitmore(39) ."Thisisa(n)(40)breakthrough,"saysRandyCortright,aseniorresearchadvisesrattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryinGolden,Colo.,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Thisresult,hesays,is"somethingthatalotofpeoplearegoingtopayattentionto,andthey'regoingtobeabletobuildon."Ill.ReadingprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearcfourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thecloseronestudiesthegigeconomy(灰色經濟),thelessfunitsounds.Thosewhomaketheirlivingthisway,generally_41_appbasedplatformsthatmatchconsumerneedswithworkerswhocanfulfilthemare_42_beinginuncertainemployment.BodiessuchastheInternationalLaborOrganizationcharacterizethiskindofemploymentasmostlylowpaidand_43_,inwhichworkersenjoyveryfewsocial,organizationaland_44_rightsandprotections.Attentionisturningtothehealthandwellbeingofthisfastgrowingworkforce,which_45_about1.3mintheU.K.Oneacademicisevencallingfora"Gighall"studysimilartothelandmarkWhitehall_46_intothehealthofcivilservants.Thosestudies,conductedoverthreedecadesbySirMichaelMarmot,demonstratedthe_47_betweensocioeconomicstatusandhealth,acorrelationthatbecameknownas"statussyndrome".Seniorcivilservantsenjoyedlower_48_ofdeathandheartdiseasethanlowlieremployees,adifferencepartlyascribedto(把…歸功于…)autonomy(自主權)atwork.The_49_ofpowerlessnessthatafflicts(折磨；使痛苦)manyinthegigeconomyaccordingtoonesurvey,onlyfouroutof10gigworkers(零工)feelliketheyaretheirown_50_suggeststhathealthproblemsmaybebrewinginthissizeablesliceofworkforce.OnestudyontheItalianworkforce,publishedlastyearinSocialScienceandMedicine,suggeststhatthoseon_51_contractsaremorelikelytouseprescriptionmedicationformentalhealthconditionssuchas_52_(althoughthereverseisalsolikelytobetrue,thatpreexistingillhealthleadstomoreirregularemployment).53notspecificallyaboutthegigeconomy,theauthors,fromtheuniversitiesofBrunelandMilan,concludethatthe_54_tomakelabourmarketsmoreflexiblemightproveillforthepsychologicalwellbeingofworkers.Gigworkisoftenconductedprivately,incarsandhomes,frombicyclesandmotorbikes,insteadoffroma_55_workplace,sobasichazards,suchasfatigueassociatedwithlonghours,cangounnoticed.41.A.reflectingonB.workingforC.gettingalongD.servingwith42.A.regardedasB.definedasC.relatedtoD.involvedin43.A.insaneB.innocentC.insecureD.inventive44.A.legalB.progressiveC.ambitiousD.miserable45.A.countsB.numbersC.predictsD.forecasts46.A.problemsB.workersC.studiesD.needs47.A.threadB.clueC.roleD.link48.A.situationB.ratesC.caseD.position49.A.displayB.senseC.awarenessD.expression50.A.mateB.bossC.workerD.supervisor51.A.permanentB.momentaryC.casualD.temporary52.A.fluB.diabeteC.strokeD.depression53.A.AsB.BecauseC.ThereforeD.While54.A.initiativeB.driveC.inspirationD.ambition55.A.trickyB.enjoyableC.sharedD.lovableSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Peoplealwaysregretaskingmeandmywifehowwegottogether.It'salongstory,involvingotherrelationshipsandseveralcountries,andtobehonest,it'snotthatinteresting,soI'llspareyouthedetails.WewereatarestaurantinTuscanyonoursummerholidaylastyearthough,whenwemetanotherEnglishcouplewhohadafarmoreinterestingstorythanus.LynnandAndyhadactuallymetonlinebeforetheygottogether,oratleasttheythoughttheyhad.Afterafewcasualconversationsthroughanonlinedatingagency,theydecidedtomeetforreal.Lynnarrivedattherestaurantfirst,andshortlyafterwasapproachedbyAndy,whothoughtshewassomeoneelse.Itturnsoutthey'dbotharrangedtomeetdifferentpeople,butlikedthelookofeachother,andthatwasthat!Andthey'renotalone.Itseemsthereareallsortsofplacesyoumightmeetthatspecialsomeone.LukasmetSofieforthefirsttimewhenhecrashedintohercaronhisbicycle.'ItwasrainingandIwasingdownhillreallyfast,so1couldn'treallyseewhereIwasgoing.SofieopenedhercardoorandIwentstraightintoit,andoffmybike,'explainsLukas.'Iwasunconsciousforafewseconds,andwhenIcameroundtherewasthisbeautifulyoungwomanaskingme"AreyouOK?"Well,afterthat,shewenttothehospitalwithmeandwasjustreallykind,reallycaring,andwehititoff.”Everycloudhasasilverlining,sotheysay,andNickMcKiddiewouldmostlikelyagree.Hewasleavingtheofficelateonenightwhenhegotrobbedbyagroupofyoungmen.Hewasn'thurt,buttheystolehisphoneandwallet,sohecalledthepolice.SusanHarris,ayoungpoliceofficeratthetime,attendedthecall.Nickexplains,'Idon'tknowwhetherIwasinshockbecauseofwhathadhappened,butIthinkitwasloveatfirstsight.Iwouldneverusuallybesoconfident,butIjustaskedifshewantedtogoforadrinksometime,andtomysuiprise,shesaidyes!,NickandSusangotmarriedlastDecember.Animalsdon'thavethesamesocialinhibitions(抑制；顧慮)ashumansdo,andthiswascertainlythecasewhenRitookherdog,Ben,tothelocaldogpark.'Assoonas1tookhisheadoff,heranstraighttoanotherdogontheothersideofthepark,andstartedgettingveryfriendlyindeed,'shelaughs.'Iactuallyhadtopullhimaway,andthatwaswhenImetBen,theotherdog'sowner.Wehadagoodlaughaboutitall,especiallywhenwerealisedhehadthesamenameasmydog.Webecamefriendsafterthat,andwell,therestishistory.'56.Accordingtothepassage,LynnandAndy.A.firstmetinarestaurantinTuscanyB.regrettedtalkingtoeachotheronline.C.werearrangedtoseeotherpeopleatfirst.D.preferredcasualconversationstorealmeeting57.gottoknoweachotherduetoanaccident.A.Theauthorandhiswife B.LukasandSofiaC.NickandSusan D.RiandBen58.By“everycouldhasasilverlining"(inparagraph3),theauthormeansthat.A.everydayisgoodbeginningB.goodluckeswithmisfortunesC.whatyouvaluemattersinyourlifeD.peopledonotalwaysbehaveasusual59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Themethodsofjoininganimalsandus.B.Theplaceswherepeoplegettogether.C.Theweirdwayspeoplemeet.D.Thespecialcasesofdating.(B)Anytimeyouhavemorethantwolinestochoosefrom,oddsareyouwillnotpickthefastestone.Whattodo?PlanAhead.■Atthegrocerystore:Favorstoresthatusea"serpentineline”thatis,asinglelonglinethatflowsintomultiplecashregisters(e.g.,thelineatyourlocalbank).ManyTraderJoe'sandWholeFoodsstoresusethissystem,provedtobeatleastthreetimesfaster.■Atairportsecurity:WaittimestendtodoubleeveryFridayafternoonfromfourtoeight,butifyouareafrequenttravelerwhocannotavoidrushhour,considerinvestingS100inGlobalEntry.ThisU.S.CustomsandBorderProtectionservicemakesyoueligiblefortheTSAPreCheeklineandallowsyoutoskipthecustomsdeskduringinternationaltravel.Visittoapply.■Onhold:Sickofhearing"ForEnglish,stayontheline"?Visitgethuman,acrowdsourceddatabasethattellsyouthequickestwaytobeatthephonetreeformorethan10,000panies.■AttheDMV:Startonline,wheremoststatesallowyoutotakecareofbasicservicesremotelyoratleastscheduleanappointment.Avoidvisitsattheendofthemonth,whenmostdriver'slicensesexpire（過期）,andgobeforenooninthemiddleoftheweek.■AtDisneyland:Arriveatleast30minutesbeforetheparkopens,andstartwiththemostpopularrides;everyminuteyoushowupafterthedoorsopenbeestwoextraminutesinline.60.Whichofthefollowingpicturesbestexplainsa"serpentineline"?A.????????????????cashregister???cashregister???cashregisterB.???????????cashregister???cashregister???C.???????????cashregister?????????????????cashregisterD.??????????cashregister???????????cashregister???????????cashregister61.Whatadvicedoesthewritergive?A.Avoidinggoingthroughairportsecurityfrom4p.m.to8p.m.B.GoingtotheDMVassoonasyourdriver'slicenseexpires.C.Visitinggethumantogetaccesstofreephoneservice.D.GettotheDisneylandwellbeforetheopeningtime.62.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.WheretogetthebestserviceB.HowtoplanaheadforshoppingC.HowtosurvivetheslowestlineD.Wheretofindthefasterwebsite（C）InancientseawallbuiltbyNeolithicpeopletoprotecttheirvillagefromsealevelriseover7,000yearsagohasbeendiscoveredbyscientists.The330fbotwall,offtheCarmelcoastofIsrael,wasbuiltwithbouldersfromariverbedoveramileawaytocreateabuffer（緩沖器）betweentheMediterraneanSeaandthesettlementofTelHreiz,researcherssay.InastudypublishedinPLOSOne,researchersledbyEhudGalili,oftheUniversityofHaifa,Israel,saythisrepresentstheoldestknowncoastaldefensesystemintheworldandafeatofengineeringwith"extensiveeffortinvestedbytheNeolithicvillagersinitsconception,organizationandconstruction."Atthetimethesettlementexisted,sealevelswererisingasglobaltemperatureswarmedfollowingtheendofthelasticcage.TheMediterraneanwasrisingbyuptosevenmillimeters（0.27inches）peryear.Overalifetime,thiswouldhaveequaledaround20centimeters."Thisrateofsealevelrisemeansthefrequencyofdestructivestormsdamagingthevillagewouldhaverisensignificantly,"Galilisaidinastatement."Theenvironmentalchangeswouldhavebeennoticeabletopeople,duringthelifetimeofasettlementacrossseveralcenturies.Eventuallytheaccumulatingyearlysealevelnecessitated（vt.使…成為必要，需要）ahumanresponseinvolvingtheconstructionofacoastalprotectionwallsimilartowhatwe'reseeingaroundtheworldnow."TheTelHreizsettlementwasfirstuncoveredinthe1960sbuttheseawallwasonlyidentifiedin2010afteraseverestormexposedit.Galiliandhisteamthensetaboutanalyzingtheremainsofthesubmerged（水下的）wall.Theyfounditwasalmost10feettallandwasbuiltaroundthesametimeasthevillage.Overthecourseofdecades,theseawallwouldhavesufferedfrommarineerosion,theresearcherssay.Afterthesandlayerwasremoved,wavesandstormsmayhaveeventuallydislodgedbouldersandstones.Despitethis"displayofresilience"inthefaceofsealevelrise,thepeopleofTelHreizeventuallyleftthevillageand,overtime,boththeseawallandvillagewerelosttosea."Theseawallmayhaveworkedforaperiod,"theteamwrote,"however,ultimatelyitprovedfutile（無用的）andthevillagewaseventuallyabandoned.TheTelHreizseawallrepresentstheearliestexampleofacoastaldefenseofthistypeknowntodate."Theteampointstoparallelswithsealevelrisemankindisfacingtoday.WhiletherateatthemomentisconsiderablylowerthanwhattheseNeolithicpeoplewerefacing,itisexpectedthatmanyoftheworld'scoastaltownsandcitieswillbeimpactedinthenextcentury."Giventhesizeofcoastalpopulationsandmodemurbansettlements,themagnitudeofpredictedfuturepopulationdisplacementdiffersconsiderablytotheimpactsonpeopleduringtheNeolithic,”thestudysaid.“However,manyofthefundamentalhumanquestionsandthedecisionmakingrelatingtohumanresilience,coastaldefense,localadaptation,technologicalinnovationanddecisionstoultimatelyabandonlongstandingsettlementsremainominouslyrelevant.”63.IntheancientseawallsbuiltbypeopleintheNeolithicage,itisrighttosaythat.A.it*stheoldcoastaldefensesystemtoprotectvillagersB.it'sfirstdiscoveredinthe1960safteraseverestormC.itwasbuilttoprotectitsvillagesfromtheriseofsealevelD.theseawallfinallyprotectedthevillagefromdamage64.Whatmeasurehavepeopletakeninthefaceofsealevelrisefirstly?A.Buildingcoastalprotectionwall.B.Leavingthevillagetosafeplaces.C.Payingattentiontothechangeofenvironment.D.Researchingtechnologicalinnovation65.InParagraph7,"displayofresilience"probablyrefersto.A.recoveryfromdisastersB.positiveVillageC.protectivemeasures D.theseawall66.Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisarticleistosuggestthat.A.moreseawallshouldbebuilttoresistsealevelriseB.sealevelrisewillbeabigproblemforusC.weshouldtakemoremeasurestopreventsealevelriseD.manypeoplewillbedisplacedinthefuture.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Basedonthisreasoning,wethoughtthatonewaytourgepeopletodonateinsuchasituationwouldbetoinformthemthatevenanextremelysmallsumwouldbehelpful.B.Thestudysuggeststhatifyouwantsomebodytodosomethingforyou,simplypointingoutthatevenalittleassistanceontheirpartwouldbeacceptableislikelytobeaneffectivestrategy.C.Fortheotherhalf,however,theresearchassistantadded"Evenapennywillhelp."D.Andthere'senoughproofthatpeopletendtoyeswhentheybelievewhattheydocanhelp.E.Butincertainsituationsandenvironmentit'salsoimportanttounderstandwhypeoplesaynotoreasonablerequests,suchasarequesttodonatetoacharity.F.Fortheotherhalttherequestmayendwithareasonwhytheirassistanceisnecessary.AskingforalittlecangoalongwayThroughoutthisbookwe'veattemptedtoprovideevidencetosupportourclaimsthatwecansuccessfullymovepeopletosayyes.67Alongwithseveralcolleagues,oneofussetouttodojustthat.Wethoughtthat,whenaskedtomakeadonation,eventhosewhowouldliketosupportthecharityinsomewaysayno,becausetheycan'taffordtodonateverymuch,andtheyassumethatthesmallamountthattheycanaffordwouldn'tdomuchtohelpthecause.68Totestthishypothesis(假設)ourresearchassistantswentdoortodoortorequestdonationsfortheAmericanCancerSociety.Afterintroducingthemselves,theyaskedtheresidents,"Wouldyoubewillingtohelpbygivingadonation?"Forhalftheresidentstherequestendedthere. 69 Whenweanalyzedtheresultswefoundthat,consistentwithourhypothesis,peopleinthe"evenapennywillhelp"halfofthesamplewerealmosttwiceaslikelytodonatetothecause.Andtheamounttheindividualsgavewasalsofoundtobemoreorlessthesameinbothhalves,sothepeopleinthe"evenapenny"halfdidnotdonateless.70Applicationsintheworkplacemightbe:toacoworkerregardingajointproject,"Justanhourofyourtimewouldreallyhelp,"toacoworkerwhosehandwritingisillegible,"Justalittlemoreclaritywouldhelp."Thechancesarethatthislittlestepintherightdirectionwon'tprovesolittleafterall.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.Areyouatextaholic?Doyouspendoveranhoureachdaytextingyourfriends?Doyoufrequentlyneglectwork,studyandleisureactivitiestocheckyourphonefortextmessage?Areyoumoodyandemotionalifyouareseparatedfromyourmobilephone?Doyouhardlyeveruseyourphonetotalkanymore,anddoyourthumbsfromtextingtoomuch?Ifyouanswered'Yes'toanyoftheabovequestions,thenthechancesarethatyouareatextaholic.Atextaholiccanbedefinedassomeonewhoisaddictedtosendingandreceivingtextmessages.Themainsymptomsarestrongwilltotextwhichtakesprecedenceover(優先于)everythingelse,andwithdrawalsymptoms(戒斷癥狀)ifmessagesfailtoein,leadingtoanger,depressionandalackofselfrespect.Otherproblemsincludesleeplessness,eyestrain,andrepetitivestraininjuryduetoconstantmessaging,nottomentionexpensivephonebills.Therootoftheproblem,aswithmanyaddictions,isthedesiretoescapefromemotionaldifficultiessuchasstress,anxietyandrelationshipproblems.Expertswarnthattextaddictionislikelytobeethemostmonformofaddictioninthefuture,especiallyamongtheyoung.Sowhatcanyoudoifyouthinkyoumaybetextaholic?Thekeyistogetyourlifebackinbalance.Makesureyouresisttheurgetoanswereverymessageyoureceive,andconsiderleavingyourmobilephonebehindoccasionallywhenyougoout.Mostimportantly,makeapointofspendingqualitytimewithfriendsandfamily,andmaketimetore—learntheartoffacetofaceconversationinsteadofconductingyourrelationshipsbymeansoftextmessages.Notonlywillyousavetimeandmoney,butyoumayalsorediscoverthepleasureoftruemunication.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.在從外面回家之后，記住洗手是很重要的。(mind)73.出發或抵達的時間會因交通情況及其他因素而改變。(subject)74.異常的天氣表明我們的生活環境正在惡化，這是大自然對我們的警示。(which)75.研究發現，除非采取緊急行動，否則這些地區將很可能不得不處理數以萬計的所謂氣候移民。(unless)VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishpositionin120150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.76.如今，電子支付(electronicpayment)成為潮流，現金的使用頻率越來越低。請你簡要說明電子支付在生活中的具體應用，并談談你時電子支付是否會取代現金的看法。你的文章必須包括：1.簡要說明電子支付在生活中的具體應用：2.電子支付是否會取代現金？為什么？控江中學2020學年第一學期高三年級英語學科月考參考答案：I.110DADACBDAAC1120BCDBBCADCBII.21.without考查介詞22.given考近過去分詞作后置定語23.what考查賓語從句24.If考查條件狀語從句25.weresplit考查一般過去時被動26.Tomeasure考查動詞不定式作目的狀語27.why考查定語從句修飾先行詞rea