第六講政經文體翻譯

TranslationofPoliticalandEconomicEssays

政論文的文體特點

用詞標準、嚴謹、莊重邏輯嚴密，說理性強。由于政論文旨在解析思想，闡發論點，辯明事理，展開論證，因此內容復雜，句式結構多變，作者重整體布局，重修辭。資產階級自由化bourgeoisliberalization×bourgeoisliberalization,meaningWesterninfluence;bourgeoisliberalization,ortheattempttorestorecapitalism/inthenameofliberalizationoverthegovernment.√帝國主義搞和平演變，……peacefulevolutionortheattempttotransformsocialismintocapitalismbypeacefulmeans×TheimperialismaimedtosubvertsocialismbypushingpeacefulevolutiontowardscapitalisminChina.√“香港特別行政區將保持自由港和獨立關稅地區的地位。〞TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillretainthestatusofafreeportandaseparatecustomaryterritory.中國的經濟是一個大問題。China’seconomyisanimportant/majorquestion.從深圳的情況看，公有制是主體… InthecaseofShenzhen,thepublicownershipsectoristhemainstayoftheeconomy…現在，周邊一些國家和地區經濟開展比我們快… Atpresent,someneighboringcountriesandregionsaregrowingfasterthanours.不堅持社會主義，不改革開放，不開展經濟，不改善人民生活，只能是死路一條。 Ifwedidnotadheretosocialism,implementthepoliciesofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,developtheeconomyandraiselivingstandards,wewouldfindourselvesinablindalley.…使人們感到我們真心誠意搞改革開放。 ThiswouldconvincethepeoplethatwewerewholeheartedlycommittedtoReformandopenpolicy.共同富裕的設想是這樣提出的：一局部地區有條件先開展起來，一局部地區開展慢點，先開展起來的地區帶動后開展的地區，最終到達共同富裕。 Ourplanisasfollows:whereconditionspermit,someareasmaydevelopfasterthanothers;thosethatdevelopfastercanhelppromotethosewhichlagbehindandthuscometothecommonwealth.對改革開放一開始就有不同意見，這是正常的。 Inthebeginningopinionsweredividedaboutthereformandtheopenpolicy.Thatwasnormal.

民之所憂，我之所思；民之所思，我之所行。〔溫總理答記者問〕

Whatpeopleareconcernedaboutpreoccupiesmymind,andwhatpreoccupiespeople’smindiswhatIneedtoaddress.

為了國家的富強，為了社會的公平正義，為了讓人們幸福快樂地過得更好，為了讓孩子們上好學，為了使我們的民族在世界贏得應有的尊嚴，我愿獻出我的全部心血和精力。〔溫總理答記者問〕

Toensurethiscountrytobecomestrongerandmoreprosperous,tobuildasocietyofequityandjustice,toensurethepeopleliveahappylife,ourchildrencangotoschoolandournationisdulyrespectedintheinternationalcommunity,I'mwillingtodedicatemyselfwholeheartedlytothiscause.

1990年以來，美國等西方國家無視中國政治穩定，經濟開展，社會進步，民主與法制日益完善，人民生活水平不斷提高的事實，在聯合國人權委員會連續五次拋出反華提案，粗暴干預中國內政，企圖破壞中國穩定，遏制中國開展，進而改變中國的開展道路和社會制度。他們四處游說，多方施壓，意圖到達其不可告人的目的。但是，在中國和廣闊亞非拉開展中國家以及其他主持正義國家的堅決反對和抵抗下，西方的反華圖謀連續五次遭到挫敗。這不僅是中國的勝利，也是廣闊開展中國家和國際正義力量維護《聯合國憲章》宗旨和原那么的勝利。〔國務院新聞辦公室《中國人權事業的進展》1995〕本卷須知了解原文的寫作意圖及寫作背景理解原文，把握詞義，慎重選詞通讀全文，突出中心論點，分析文章的總體結構和謀篇布局的脈絡，理清邏輯推論的層次，領會作者的章法弄清作者的立場、觀點，防止歪曲事實。我相信13億人民微笑著面對世界，全世界人民也會微笑著對待中國。〔溫總理有關北京奧運會講話〕

Ihaveconfidencethatthesmilesof1.3billionpeopleinfrontoftheworldwillbereciprocatedbythesmilesofthepeoplefromallovertheworld.

1990年以來，美國等西方國家無視中國政治穩定，經濟開展，社會進步，民主與法制日益完善，人民生活水平不斷提高的事實，在聯合國人權委員會連續五次拋出反華提案，粗暴干預中國內政，企圖破壞中國穩定，遏制中國開展，進而改變中國的開展道路和社會制度。Since1990,theU.S.andsomeotherwesterncountries,disregardingChina’spoliticalstability,economicdevelopment,socialprogress,dailyperfectionofdemocracyandthelegalsystemandconstantimprovementofpeople’slivingstandards,haveconcoctedfiveanti-ChinaproposalsattheUnitedNationsHumanrightsCommissions,wantonlyinterferinginChina’sinternalaffairsbytryingtochangeChina’sdevelopmentpathandsocialsystemthroughsabotagingitsstabilityandpreventingitformgoingforward.他們四處游說，多方施壓，意圖到達其不可告人的目的。但是，在中國和廣闊亞非拉開展中國家以及其他主持正義國家的堅決反對和抵抗下，西方的反華圖謀連續五次遭到挫敗。Theyhavegoneeverywheretoselltheirideasandimposepressurefromvariousaspectssoastoreachtheirsinisterpoliticalpurposes.However,undertheresoluteoppositeandresistanceofChina,thevastnumberofdevelopingcountriesinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmericaandothercountriesthatsupportjustice,allfiveanti-ChinaplotsoftheWesthavefailed.ItisavictorynotonlyforChina,butalsoforthevastnumberofdevelopingcountriesandinternationaljusticeforcesindevelopingthepurposesandprinciplesoftheCharteroftheuntiedNations.(FromTheProgressofHumanRights)這不僅是中國的勝利，也是廣闊開展中國家和國際正義力量維護《聯合國憲章》宗旨和原那么的勝利。〔國務院新聞辦公室《中國人權事業的進展》1995〕政經詞匯形象確指意義〔漢語形象表達的實指意義〕開展才是硬道理。 Developmentisthemostessentialcriterion/absoluteprinciple.堅持兩手抓，兩手都要硬的方針。 Inadherencetotheprincipleofplacingequalemphasisonmaterialprogressandethicalprogress,withneitheraspectsneglected.抓大放小 Tomanagewelllargeenterprisesandadoptflexiblepolicytowardthesmallerones.人民的生活水平將上一個大的臺階。 People’slivingstandardswillyieldsubstantialprogress.

引申意義〔文化背景和表達習俗〕民辦教師轉正 convertingthestatusofcommunitysponsoredteacherstothatofregularteacher打黃掃非 wipeoutpornographicpublicationsandcrackdownonillegalpublicationpractices咫尺天涯，竟成海天之遙。南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六載。幼時同胞，蘇京把晤。往事歷歷在目。惟常年未通音訊，此誠憾事，近聞政躬違和，深為懸念。又過七旬，多有病痛，至盼善自珍攝。〔廖承志1982年7月致蔣經國公開信〕文言文的翻譯首先，弄清文言虛詞的意義和用法，分清文言文與白話文在句法結構上的差異，正確理解原文；再現原文的風格與神韻咫尺天涯，竟成海天之遙。南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六載。幼時同胞，蘇京把晤。往事歷歷在目。Nooneeverexpectedthatastripofwatershouldhavebecomesovastadistance.Itisnow36yearssinceourbriefrendezvousinNanjing.FromourchildhoodfriendshiptoourchatsintheSovietcapital,everythinginthepastisstillaliveinmymemory.惟常年未通音訊，此誠憾事，近聞政躬違和，深為懸念。又過七旬，多有病痛，至盼善自珍攝。〔廖承志1982年7月致蔣經國公開信〕Butit’sunfortunatethatwehaven’theardfromeachotherforsomanyyears.RecentlyIwastoldthatyouaresomewhatindisposedandthishascausedmemuchconcern.Menintheir70sareoftenafflictedwithillness.Isincerelyhopethatyouwilltakegoodcareofyourself.(新華社英譯電訊稿)Whowouldhaveexpectedthattheshortdistancebetweenusshouldbekeepinguspolesapart!Itisnowmorethan36yearssinceourbriefencounterinNanjing.ThedayswespenttogetherinchildhoodaswellaslaterintheSovietcapital,however,areasfreshaseverinmymemory.Butit’sapityindeedthatwehaven’theardfromeachotherforsomanyyears.Recentlyitfilledmewithconcerntolearnofyourindisposition.Menagedover70areliabletoillness.Idohopeyouwilltakecareofyourself.(Tr.ZhangPeiji)漢譯英時事政經詞匯提高綜合國力小康水平推進政府機構改革國家公務員制度糾正行業不正之風就業前和在職培訓分流下崗人員爭取再就業科教興國戰略“菜籃子〞工程促進住房商品化取消福利分房技術〔勞動、資本、知識〕密集型產業改進產業結構和產品結構開展新興產業和高技術產業技術更新〔改造〕虧損企業扭虧為盈改善出口商品結構增強市場競爭力貪污受賄大案索賄受賄權錢交易整頓音像工作西部大開發戰略加速國民經濟信息化進程積極推進經濟體制深層次改革擴大國內需求拉動經濟增長劣質工程全民健身運動 漢譯英時事政經詞匯提高綜合國力 improvetheoverallnationalstrength(theoverallstrengthofthecountry)小康水平 thelivingstandardsofafairlycomfortablelife;arelativelycomfortablestandardofliving推進政府機構改革 restructuregovernmentinstitutions國家公務員制度 thesystemofpublicservices糾正行業不正之風 rectifymalpracticeinvarioustrades就業前和在職培訓 pre-employmentandon-the-job(in-service)training分流下崗人員爭取再就業 redirectlaid-offworkersforre-employment脫貧致富 cast(shake,throw)offpovertyandsetoutonaroadtoprosperity科教興國戰略 thestrategyofrevitalizing(invigorating)Chinathroughscienceandeducation與國際接軌 begearedtointernationalstandards;bebroughtinlinewithinternationalpractice(norms)“菜籃子〞工程 the“shoppingbasket〞project(programme)促進住房商品化promotethecommercializationofhousing取消福利分房abolishthewelfare-orienteddistribution(allocation)ofpublichousing技術〔勞動、資本、知識〕密集型產業technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensiveindustries股份合作制thejointstockcooperativesystem支持強強合作，實現優勢互補supportassociationbetweenstrongenterprisessothattheycantakeadvantageofeachother’sstrengths改進產業結構和產品結構improvetheindustrialpatternandproductmix開展新興產業和高技術產業developrisingandhigh-techindustries政企分開separateadministrativefunctionsfromenterprisemanagement;separateadministrationfrommanagement技術更新〔改造〕technologicalupdating/renovation虧損企業money-losing(debt-ridden,loss-making,unprofitable)enterprises;enterprisesthatoperateataloss扭虧為盈turnlossesintoprofits改善出口商品結構improvetheexportproductmix增強市場競爭力enhanceone’smarketcompetitiveness反腐敗斗爭thefightagainstcorruption;ananti-corruptioncampaign推進廉政建設promoteacleangovernment貪污受賄大案majorgraft(embezzlement)andbriberycases索賄受賄solicitandacceptbribes權錢交易strikedealsbetweenpowerandmoney整頓音像工作straightenoutirregularitiesintheaudiovisualindustry西部大開發戰略thegrandstrategyforthedevelopmentofChina’swest“develop-the-west〞strategy加速國民經濟信息化進程toacceleratethetransformationofthenationaleconomythroughIT;toacceleratetheprocesstoaninformation-basedeconomy積極推進經濟體制深層次改革topressonwiththein-depth/deep-goingreformoftheeconomicstructure擴大國內需求theexpansionofdomesticdemand拉動經濟增長fueleconomicgrowth劣質工程shoddyengineering全民健身運動nationwidefitnessprogramsExercise深入開展嚴厲打擊走私和騙匯、逃匯、套匯的斗爭。…andsteppedupoureffortstocrackdownonsmugglingandotherillegalpracticessuchasobtainingforeigncurrencyunderfalsepretenses,notturningoverforeigncurrencyowedtothegovernmentandillegalarbitrage.開展是硬道理，中國解決所有問題的關鍵在于依靠自己的開展。Developmentistheabsoluteprinciple.ThekeytothesolutionofallChina’sproblemsliesinourowndevelopment.推行政企分開，健全監管制度，整頓和加強企業領導班子。Weshouldpromotetheseparationofthefunctionsofthegovernmentfromthoseoftheenterprises,improvethesupervisorysystemandconsolidateandimprovetheleadershipofenterprises.加快重大技術裝備國產化和高新技術產業化的進程。…speeduptheprocessofusingdomestically-producedkeyequipmentinplaceofimportsandtheapplicationofhighandnewtechnologytoproduction.廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭取得新進展。Freshprogresswasmadeintheefforttobuildcleanandhonestgovernmentandinthestruggle/fightagainstcorruption.認真開展講學習、講政治、講正氣的“三講〞教育。weshouldcarryouttheactivitiesdesignedtoteachtheneedtostudy,tobepolitically-mindedandtobehonestandupright.要注意向中西部地區傾斜，推動中西部地區經濟的開展。wemustpaymoreattentiontothecentralandwesternregionssoastopromotetheireconomicdevelopment.要堅持德才兼備原那么，選拔政治素質高、經營管理能力強、公正廉潔的優秀人才擔任企業領導。Adheringtoaprincipleofchoosingpersonnelwithbothpoliticalintegrityandprofessionalcompetence,weshouldappointasleadersofenterprisescompetentpeoplewithahighdegreeofpoliticalintegritywhoarecapableintheareasofoperationandmanagementandwhoarefairandhonest.新的經濟體制，應該是有利于技術進步的體制。新的科技體制，應該是有利于經濟開展的體制。雙管齊下，長期存在的科技與經濟脫節的問題，有可能得到比較好的解決。Theneweconomicstructureshouldpromotetechnologicalprogress,andthenewscienceandtechnologymanagementsystemshouldpromoteeconomicdevelopment.Whenbothreformsarecarriedout,weshallperhapsbeabletosolvethelong-standingproblemoftheseparationbetweenscienceandtechnologyandtheeconomy.農副產品的增加，農村市場的擴大，農村剩余勞動力的轉移，有強有力地推動了工業的開展。Theincreaseoffarmandsidelineproducts,theexpansionofruralmarketsandtheshiftofsurplusfarmlabortorural