目錄

2000年南開大學外國語學院專業英語

考研真題及詳解

2001年南開大學外國語學院專業英語

考研真題及詳解

2002年南開大學外國語學院專業英語

考研真題及詳解

2003年南開大學外國語學院專業英語

考研真題及詳解

2004年南開大學外國語學院英美文學

考研真題及詳解

2005年南開大學外國語學院專業英語

考研真題及詳解

2006年南開大學外國語學院專業英語

考研真題及詳解

2007年南開大學外國語學院專業英語

考研真題及詳解

2008年南開大學外國語學院860專業英

語考研真題及詳解

2009年南開大學外國語學院854專業英

語考研真題及詳解

2010年南開大學外國語學院902專業英

語考研真題及詳解

2011年南開大學外國語學院863專業英

語考研真題及詳解

2012年南開大學外國語學院880專業英

語考研真題及詳解

2000年南開大學外國語學院專業英語考研真題及詳解

(Writeallyouranswerbellowthequestions.Donotuseseparatedsheets

exceptthelasttwoquestionsinPartII)

PartI.Linguistics(50%)

I.Defineeachofthefollowingterms,givinganexamplewhereappropriate

(10%)

1．Displacement

【答案】Displacementmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheirusersto

symbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentatthemoment

ofcommunication.

2．Freevariation

【答案】Simplyspeaking,itreferstothedifferentpronunciationsofthe

sameword.Iftwosoundsoccurringinthesameenvironment,thesubstitution

ofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentwordform,butjusta

differentpronunciationofthesameword,thenthetwosoundsareinfree

variation.

3．Sense

【答案】Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguistic

elementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilethereferencedeals

withtheinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

4．Morphophonology

【答案】Morphophonologyisabranchoflinguisticsreferringtothe

analysisandclassificationofthephonologicalfactorsthataffectthe

appearanceofmorphemes,andcorrespondingly,thegrammaticalfactorsthat

affecttheappearanceofphonemes.Itisalsocalledmorphonologyor

morphonemics.

5．Diachroniclinguistics

【答案】Itrefertothestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.

HistoricallinguisticswasapervasiveinterestoftheDarwinistinthe19th

century;inthecourseoftheirhistoricalresearcherintothedevelopmentof

theIndo-Europeantongues.

6．Dissimilation

【答案】Dissimilationreferstotheinfluenceexercisedbyonesound

segmentuponthearticulationofanother,sothatthesoundsbecomeless

alike,ordifferent.

7．Restrictedcode

【答案】Astyleoflanguageuseassociatedwithinformalsituations,

characterizedbylinguisticpredictabilityandbyitsdependenceonthe

externalcontextandonthesharedknowledgeandexperienceofthe

participantsforconveyingmeaning.

8．Illocutionaryact

【答案】Itreferstotheactionofmakingclearthepurposeofspeakingby

producingutterances.Thatis,tosaysomethingistodosomething.For

example,whenwemakeutterance“hello”,weperformtheactionofgreeting.

9．Sapir-Whorfhypothesis

【答案】TherearetwoversionsoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesis:astrong

versionandaweakversion.Thestrongversionclaimstheoriginalhypothesis

suggests,emphasizingthedecisiveroleoflanguageastheshaperofour

thinkingpatterns.Theweakversionclaimsthatthereisacorrelationbetween

language,cultureandthought,butthecross-culturaldifferencesthus

producedinourwaysofthinkingarerelative,ratherthancategorical.

10．Proxemics

【答案】Itreferstothestudyofspatialdistancesbetweenindividualsin

differentculturesandsituations.ItwascoinedbyresearcherEdwardHall

duringthe1950’sand1960’sandhastodowiththestudyofouruseofspace

andhowvariousdifferencesinthatusecanmakeusfeelmorerelaxedor

anxious.

II.Defineeachofthefollowingsymbols.Ifthefeatureispresent,marka+

andifnot,marka-(5%)

【答案】

III.Describeeschewofthefollowingspeechsoundsymbolsintermsof

articulatoryfeatures.(5%)

1．/?/

【答案】[stop;bilabial;voiceless]

2．/r/

【答案】[approximant;alveolar;voiced]

3．/m/

【答案】[nasal;bilabial;voiced]

4．/t/

【答案】[stop;alveolar;voiceless]

5．/θ/

【答案】[fricative;dental;voiceless]

6．/?/

【答案】[fricative;alveolar;voiceless]

7．/e/

【答案】[fricative;dental;voiceless]

8．/z/

【答案】[fricative;alveolar;voiced]

9．/?/

【答案】[palatalstopwitharisingtone]

10．/h/

【答案】[fricative;glottal;voiceless]

IV.Classifythefollowingpairsasbinaryantonyms(B),gradableantonyms

(G)orconverseantonyms(C)(5%)

1．BGC→true/false

【答案】B

2．BGC→open/closed

【答案】G

3．BGC→addresser/addressee

【答案】C

4．BGC→innocent/guilty

【答案】G

5．BGC→instructor/student

【答案】C

6．BOC→infrontof/behind

【答案】B

7．BGC→take/give

【答案】B

8．BGC→heavy/light

【答案】G

9．BGC→fast/slow

【答案】G

10．BGC→dynamic/static

【答案】B

V.OnekindofsubstitutionisthemovementofanNPtoanemptyNP

position,whichisknownasNPmovement.Canyoushowbytreediagrams

howthemovementruleisrealizedinthesentence“Johnseemstobehappy”?

(5%)

【答案】

VI.NoamChomsky’sCOMPETENCEreferstothegrammaticalknowledge

oftheideallanguageuserandhasnothingtodowiththeactualuseof

languageinconcretesituations.Thisconceptoflinguisticcompetencehas

beencriticizedforbeingtoonarrowandrepresenting“GardenofEden

View”.Toexpandtheconceptofcompetence,D.H.Hymesproposed

COMMUNICATIVECOMPETENCE.Statethebasiccontentsdiscussedin

communicativecompetence,andexplaintothebestofyourknowledge,why

wegenerallybelievethatCOMMUNICATIVECOMPETENCEismore

adequatethantheconceptofcompetenceproposedbyNChomsky.(10%)

【答案】

ThetermwascoinedbyHymesin1966,reactingagainsttheperceived

inadequacyofChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.

ToaddressChomsky’sabstractnotionofcompetence,Hymesundertook

ethnographicexplorationofcommunicativecompetencethatincluded

“communicativeformandfunctioninintegralrelationtoeachother.”

communicativecompetenceisthataspectofourcompetencewhichenables

ustoconveyandinterpretmessagesandtonegotiatemeanings

interpersonallywithinspecificcontexts.Tolearnasecondlanguage,learners

shouldnotonlybeabletoproducethetargetlanguagecorrectly,butalsobe

abletouseitappropriately.Secondlanguagecompetencecanbeperceived

alongtwodimensions:accuracyandappropriateness.Alanguagespeakerhas

tohavemorethangrammaticalcompetenceinordertobeableto

communicateeffectively.

Communicativecompetencecontainsfivecomponents,namelylinguistic

competence,pragmaticcompetence,discoursecompetence,strategic

competenceandfluency.Linguisticcompetenceisconcernedwith

knowledgeofthelanguageitself,itsformandmeaning.Pragmatic

competencereferstotheappropriateuseofthelanguageinsocialcontext.

Thatistosay,thechoiceofthevocabularyandstructuredependsonthe

setting,therelativestatusofthespeakers,andtheirrelationships.Discourse

competencereferstoone’sabilitytocreatecoherentwrittentextor

conversationandtheabilitytounderstandthem.Strategiccompetenceis

similartocommunicationstrategies.Itreferstostrategiesoneemployswhen

thereiscommunicationbreakdownduetolackofresources.Fluencymeans

one’sabilitytolinkunitsofspeechtogetherwithfacilityandwithoutstrain

orinappropriateslownessorunduehesitation.

PartII.Literature(50%)

VII.Givebriefexplanationstothefollowing:

1．Antagonist

【答案】Anantagonistisacharacter,groupofcharacters,institutionor

conceptthatstandsinorrepresentsoppositionagainstwhichthe

protagonist(s)mustcontend.Inotherwords,anantagonistisapersonora

groupofpeoplewhoopposesaprotagonist

2．Blackhumor

【答案】Blackhumorisatypeofmodernhumorthatiscausedbyanger.It

oftendescribesgruesomeevents,whicharenormallyassociatedwithpleasant

occasions,thusproducingthecongruouseffectforhumor.Blackhumor

attacksonsocialmoresthroughshockinglanguageandoffensiveimagery.

3．Flashback

【答案】Flashbacksareinterruptionsthatwritersdotoinsertpasteventsin

ordertoprovidebackgroundorcontexttothecurrenteventsofanarrative.

Byusingflashbacks,writersallowtheirreaderstogaininsightintoa

character’smotivationandprovideabackgroundtoacurrentconflict.Dream

sequencesandmemoriesaremethodsusedtopresentflashbacks.

4．Rhyme

【答案】Thewordrhythmisderivedfromrhythmoswhichmeans

“measuredmotion”.Rhythmisaliterarydevicewhichdemonstratesthelong

andshortpatternsthroughstressedandunstressedsyllablesparticularlyin

verseform.

5．T.S.Eliot

【答案】ThomasStearnsEliotwasaBritishessayist,publisher,playwright,

literaryandsocialcritic,and“oneofthetwentiethcentury’smajorpoets”.He

movedfromhisnativeUnitedStatestoEnglandin1914attheageof25,

settling,working,andmarryingthere.HeeventuallybecameaBritishsubject

in1927attheageof39,renouncinghisAmericancitizenship.

6．ToniMorrison

【答案】ToniMorrisonisanAmericannovelist,editor,teacher,and

ProfessorEmeritusatPrincetonUniversity.MorrisonwonthePulitzerPrize

andtheAmericanBookAwardin1988forBeloved.Thenovelwasadapted

intoafilmofthesamename(starringOprahWinfreyandDannyGlover)in

1998.MorrisonwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1993.

7．JohnMilton

【答案】JohnMiltonwasanEnglishpoet,polemicist,manofletters,and

civilservantfortheCommonwealthofEnglandunderOliverCromwell.He

wroteatatimeofreligiousfluxandpoliticalupheaval,andisbestknownfor

hisepicpoemParadiseLost(1667),writteninblankverse.

8．TheRobinHoodballads

【答案】RobinHoodisaheroicoutlawinEnglishfolklorewho,according

tolegend,wasahighlyskilledarcherandswordsman.Traditionallydepicted

asbeingdressedinLincolngreen,heisoftenportrayedasrobbingfromthe

richandgivingtothepooralongsidehisbandofMerryMen.RobinHood

becameapopularfolkfigureinthelate-medievalperiod,andcontinuestobe

widelyrepresentedinliterature,filmsandtelevision.

9．SonsandLovers

【答案】SonsandLoversisa1913novelbytheEnglishwriterD.H.

Lawrence,originallypublishedbyB.W.HuebschPublishers.TheModern

Libraryplaceditninthontheirlistofthe100bestnovelsofthe20thcentury.

Whilethenovelinitiallyreceivedalukewarmcriticalreception,alongwith

allegationsofobscenity,itistodayregardedasamasterpiecebymanycritics

andisoftenregardedasLawrence’sfinestachievement.

10．TenderIstheNight

【答案】TenderIstheNightisthefourthandfinalcompletednovelby

AmericanwriterF.ScottFitzgerald.ItwasfirstpublishedinScribner’s

MagazinebetweenJanuaryandApril1934infourissues.Thetitleistaken

fromthepoem“OdetoaNightingale”byJohnKeats.

VIII.Readtheflowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsinyourownwords.

(15%)

A.They

1．Whatisthethemeofthispoem?Whatkindoffeelingdoestheauthor

convey?

【答案】“They”satiricallycontraststhemoralimprovementpromisedto

BritishbyaBishopwiththephysicaldamageandmoraldegradationthey

actuallyexperience.Thebishoprepresentsthechurchandgovernment,as

theyknownothingaboutthefactsofwhathappenstotheboysyetpromise

allunderthesun.Thisisreligiousimageryinthepoem.Thefirststanza

meansthatareligiousleader,theBishop,haswarnedthatwhenthesoldiers

comebackfromthewar,theywillbechanged.Theywillhavefaceddeath.

Theenemyisperceivedas“theAnti-Christ”.Thisisasatiriccomment

indicatingthatthesoldiersortheirleadershavedepictedtheenemyasevilto

justifythewar.Thepoetseemstoimplythatinordertojustifywar,wehave

tovilifytheenemy,turntheenemyinto“theAnti-Christ”.

2．Howdoyouunderstandthelastline?

【答案】Thelastlineisacommonstatementusedbyreligiousleadersto

explainthingsthatcannotbeexplainedandinthispoem,isanindictment

againstwar.

B.From“TheSolitaryReaper”

3．Analyzethebasicrhymeschemeandmeterofthesestanzas.

【答案】Therhymeschemeisababccddexceptlines1&3instanzas1and4.

Themeterofthesestanzasisiambictetrameter.

4．Whatrhetoricaldevicedoestheauthoruse?Whydoesheuseit?

【答案】Firstly,“Beholdher”.“Stophere”.“Olisten!”appearinthefirst

stanza.Theyarebothcolloquialwordsusedasvocative.Theseshort

sentencescannotonlyexpresstheexcitementofthepoetseeingthegirl

reaping,butalsocanbettercapturethereaders’attentionandinspiretheir

interestinthepoem.Secondly,synesthesiaisseeninthepoem,suchasthe

sentence—“Ohlisten!Forthevaleprofound,isoverflowingwiththesound.”

Inthissentence,asifthesongiswaterwhichthevalecanoverflowingin,by

exploitingsynesthesia,theabstractsoundturnsintothespecificwater.There

isnowonderthebeautifulsonghasamagicpowertoboththetravelersand

thereaders.Thirdly,bycontrastingthenightingaleandthecuckoo’ssinging

withthegirl’ssinging,thepoethighlyappraisesthegirl’ssinging.The

nightingalesingswell,whilethegirlsingsbest.Thisrhetoricaldevicecan

givemorethoughtspacetothereaderstofeelthesweetsong.Fourthly,

repetitionturnsupinthepoem.“singing”,“sang”,“sings”,“song”are

derivedfromtheword“sing”.Thiskindofrepetitionenrichestheformofthe

sentence,eventhewholepoemandsingshighlyofthegirl’ssong.Fifthly,

therhetoricalquestion“Willnoonetellmewhatshesings?”wasanswered

bythepoethimself.Itcanstrengthenthetuneofthesentence,actually,show

strongfeelingsofthepoet.Lastly,“And,asImountedupthehill”utilizes

twofiguresofspeech:metaphorandsymbol.“thehill”meansaperson’slife

journey.Ononehand,itstatesthatthelovetothenatureandartmakegreat

differencestohislife,ontheotherhand,itpointsoutthethemeofpraisefor

thefarmersandnature.

【解析】結合詩歌內容可以發現，該詩歌運用了呼語，通感，對比，重

復和象征等修辭手段，并通過這些修辭達到表達感情和詩歌主題的目

的。

C.From“OfGreatPlace”

Meningreatplacearethriceservants:servantsofthesovereignorstate;

servantsofbusiness.Soastheyhavenofreedom:neitherintheirpersonsnor

intheiractions,norintheirtimes.Itisastrangedesire,toseekpowerandto

loseliberty:ortoseekpoweroverothersandtolosepoweroveraman’sself.

Therisinguntoplaceitlaborious:andbymencometogreaterpains;anditis

sometimesbase;andbyindignitiesmencometodignities.Thestandingis

slippery;andtheregressaeitheradownfalloratleastaneclipse,whichisa

melancholything...(FrancisBacon)

5．Whatdoestheword‘”place”mean?Whatistheauthorsayinginhis

passage?

【答案】“Place”meanssocialstatusorjob.Meningreatplacearethrice

servants:servantsofthesovereignorstate;servantsofbusiness.Themain

ideaoftheessayistoshowthereadersthepositionofmeningreatplaces.

FrancisBacondiscussesthelife,dutiesandbehaviorofthosepeoplewho

occupyhighpositioninthesociety.Hewritesthatallthepeoplewholivein

greatplacesare“thriceservants”.Theyareservantsofthesovereignorstate,

fameandbusiness.Moreover,theyhavenofreedomalthoughtheyenjoy

power.Itisaveryinterestingideathatpowerfulpeoplehavenoliberty.But

it’strue.Theyhavepoweroverotherpeoplewhooccupyalowerpositionin

thesocietybutthey“losepower”overthemselves.

6．Whatcontrastsdoestheauthorpointout?

【答案】Somepeopleareingreatplacebuttheydidnothavefreedom.They

seekpoweroverothersandtolosepoweroveraman’sself.

7．Howdoyouunderstand“byindignitiesmencometoindignities”?

【答案】Somepeoplewanttogetadecentjoborgreatplaceandtheyuse

someshamefulwaystoachievetheirdesireforgoodplace.

D.Oread

8．Whatkindofpoemisthis?Pleasegivemeonemoreexampleofthekind.

【答案】Imagistpoem.InastationoftheMetroisalsoanexampleofthis

kindofpoem.

9．Whatdoesthetitlemean?

【答案】ThetitleisanameofthegoddessofthemountaininGreek

mythology.Thepoemtakesitstitlefromthenameofanymphinclassical

mythology.Specifically,an‘Oread’wasanymphofthemountains;more

specificallystill,anOreadwasanymphofmountainousconifers.

【解析】首先說明詩歌標題的來源，然后解釋其意義。

10．Whatdoestheauthorcomparetheseato?Whatisthesignificantofthis

comparison?

【答案】Inthepoem,thepoetcomparestheseatoconifer.Theconifersand

theseameltintoeachother:thespeakerasksthesea’s‘pointedpines’to

whirlupovertherocks,justasthose‘poolsoffir’belongtothesea,rather

thantotheconifersalreadyonland.Theunionbetweenwaterandlandthat

thespeakerdesireshas,inhermindandinherimages,alreadyhappened.It

achievesakindofbeautyfromunionandharmonyinnature.

【解析】首先點明詩中的比喻，然后解釋詩人這樣作比較的原因。

X.Writeanessayononeofthefollowingtopicssoastodemonstrateyour

understandingaswe’llasyourEnglishproficiency.Youareexpectedtowrite

awell-organizedessayinnomorelessthan300words.(15%)

1．EugeneO’Neil,TennesseeWilliamsandArthurMillerareregardedas

importantAmericanplaywrightssincethe1920s.Commentontheirworks

andtheircontributions.

【答案】O’NeillwasanAmericanplaywrightbestknownforexplorations

intothedarkeraspectsofthehumancondition.Frequently,hisplaysshow

peopleontheouteredgesofsocietyorbegininasituationofennuiand

despairandmovedramaticallydownwardstoagrimfinish.Hismasterpiece

is“LongDay’sJourneyintoNight”.Neill’sgreatpurposewastotryand

discovertherootofhumandesiresandfrustrations.Heshowedmostofthe

charactersinhisplaysasseekingmeaningandpurposeintheirlives,some

throughlove,somethroughreligion,othersthroughrevenge,butallmet

disappointment.Heregardeddramaasseriousliterature.Hisplayswere

highlyexperimentalinformandstyle,combiningliterarytheoriesof

symbolism,naturalismandexpressionism.Hehadagreatinfluenceonlater

Americanplaywrights,andonthoseofothercountries.NexttoShakespeare

andShaw,O’Neill’splaysarethemostwidelytranslatedandproducedinthe

world.

TennesseeWilliamsisoneofthemostprominentplaywrightsinAmerica

afterworldwartwo.Hismasterpieceis“AstreetcarNamedDesire”.

ArthurMillerwasborninaJewishfamilyin1915inNewYorkCity,theson

ofaclothingmanufacturerwhowasruinedduringtheeconomicdepression

ofthe1930s.Heheldoddjobsafterhighschooltopayhiswayatthe

UniversityofMichigan,wherehebegantowriteplays.Hisfamousworkis

“DeathofaSalesman”.Itwasaplayviewedbymanyasascathingattackon

theAmericanDreamofachievingwealthandsuccesswithoutregardfor

principleormorals.IttracedthelifeofacommonAmericanandnarrateda

loser’spoignantstory.Willy’stragedyliesinhisexcessivefanaticin

AmericanDreamwhicherodedhissoulanddistortedhispersonality.The

processofhisfailurewastheperiodinwhichAmericanDreamdisillusioned.

2．CharlotteBronteandEmilyBronteseemtohavemuchappealfor

studentsofliterature.Commentontheirrepresentativenovelsandanalyze

theirappeal.

【答案】JaneEyreisanovelwrittenbyCharlotteBronte.Itwasamilestone

worksinEnglishliterature.Thisisastoryaboutspecialgirlandunreserved

womannamedJanewhopossessesanindomitableandtoughspirit

continuouslybattleagainsttheharshandcruellife.Shehassharpwitand

greatcourage,andherhugecharmofpersonalitymakesusadmiredeeply.

Fromthisbook,wecaneasilyfindthatJanewassuchabraveandspecial

womanthatpossessesanindependencepersonalityandthinkingbrain.Janeis

independentnotonlyineconomicbutalsoinspiritual.Shehasherown

thoughts.Sheispoorbutaspiring,smallinbodybuthugeinsoul.Shetellsus

howtodealwiththemisfortuneinourlife.

WutheringHeights,writtenbyEmilyBronte,isknownas“19thcentury’s

mostpeculiarnovel”and“asoulofdrama”.Itreleasesunique,shiningand

splendidgloryinthebrilliantliteraryconstellationofthe19thcentury.This

novelisfamousforthegothicstylesaswellasitstheme.Ittellsthetaleof

theall-encompassingandpassionate,yetthwarted,lovebetweenHeathcliff

andCatherineEarnshaw,andhowthisunresolvedpassioneventually

destroysthemandpeoplearoundthem.Emilysufferedfromthepovertyof

physicalworldandhelplessnessofspiritualworld.Lonelinessmadeherthe

physicalandemotionalworldfullofasenseofextremedisappointmentand

shattered.Therefore,Emilydesiredtoexpressherfeelingthroughthelove

tragedyofrichandintensefantasyfeatures,andexpressedherstrong

dissatisfactionwithsocialreality.Theclassdifferenceisthedirectcause

whichleadstotheirlovetragedy.Thisisalsothefirstnovelthatemploys

flashback.Thenovelbreaksthetraditionalwayofnarration,buttocreatetwo

charactersMr.LockwoodandNellyDeantotellthestory.Thesuccessof

WutheringHeightsis,inpart,owingtotheuseofflashback.

XI.Readthefollowingshortstory,andwriteananalysisinnoletsthan230

words.Youmaywanttodiscussthetelling,plot,characters,theme,language,

writingtechnique,etc.Youroriginalideaswillbeappreciated.(10%)

AVeryShortStory

ErnestHemingway

OnehoteveninginPaduatheycarriedhimupontotheroofandhecouldlook

outoverthetopofthetown.Therewerechimneyswiftsinthesky.Aftera

whileitgotdarkandthesearchlightscameout.Theotherswentdownand

tookthebottleswiththem.HeandLuzcouldhearthembelowonthe

balcony.Luzsatonthebed.Shewascoolandfreshinthehotnight.

Luzstayedonnightdutyforthreemonths.Theyweregladtolether.When

theyoperatedonhimshepreparedhimfortheoperatingtable;andtheyhada

jokeaboutfriendorenema.Hewentundertheanaestheticholdingtightonto

himselfsohewouldnotblababoutanythingduringthesilly,talkytime.

AfterhegotoncrutchesheusedtotakethetemperaturessoLuzwouldnot

havetogetupfromthebed.Therewereonlyafewpatients,andtheyall

knewaboutit.TheyalllikedLuz.Ashewalkedbackalongthehallshe

thoughtofLuzinhisbed.

BeforehewentbacktothefronttheywentintotheDuomoandprayed.It

wasdimandquiet,andtherewereotherpeoplepraying.Theywantedtoget

married,buttherewasnotenoughtimeforthebanns,andneitherofthemhad

birthcertificates.Theyfeltasthoughtheyweremarried,buttheywanted

everyonetoknowaboutit,andtomakeitsotheycouldnotloseit.

Luzwrotehimmanylettersthathenevergotuntilafterthearmistice.Fifteen

cameinabunchtothefrontandhesortedthembythedatesandreadthem

allstraightthrough.Theywereallaboutthehospital,andhowmuchshe

lovedhimandhowitwasimpossibletogetalongwithouthimandhow

terribleitwasmissinghimatnight.

Afterthearmisticetheyagreedheshouldgohometogetajobsotheymight

bemarried.Luzwouldnotcomehomeuntilhehadagoodjobandcould

cometoNewYorktomeether.Itwasunderstoodhewouldnotdrink,andhe

didnotwanttoseehisfriendsoranyoneintheStates.Onlytogetajoband

bemarried.OnthetrainfromPaduatoMilantheyquarreledabouthernot

beingwillingtocomehomeatonce.Whentheyhadtosaygood-bye,inthe

stationatMilan,theykissedgood-bye,butwerenotfinishedwiththequarrel.

Hefeltsickaboutsayinggood-byelikethat.

HewenttoAmericaonaboatfromGenoa.LuzwentbacktoPordononeto

openahospital.Itwaslonelyandrainythere,andtherewasabattalionof

arditiquarteredinthetown.Livinginthemuddy,rainytowninthewinter,

themajorofthebattalionmadelovetoLuz,andshehadneverknownItalians

before,andfinallywrotetotheStatesthattheirshadonlybeenaboyandgirl

affair.Shewassorry,andsheknewhewouldprobablynotbeableto

understand,butmightsomedayforgiveher,andbegratefultoher,andshe

expected,absolutelyunexpectedly,tobemarriedinthespring.Shelovedhim

asalways,butsherealizednowitwasonlyaboyandgirllove.Shehopedhe

wouldhaveagreatcareer,andbelievedinhimabsolutely.Sheknewitwas

forthebest.

Themajordidnotmarryherinthespring,oranyothertime.Luznevergot

ananswertothelettertoChicagoaboutit.Ashorttimeafterhecontracted

gonorrheafromasalesgirlinaloopdepartmentstorewhileridingina

taxicabthroughLincolnPark.

Notes:

1．Padua:acityinVenetia,NortheastItaly

2．gonorhea:淋病

【答案】

(1)Intermsofthecontent,thenarratorrecollectshisromancewithanItalian

nursewhilehewaswoundedandinthehospital.Thisstoryisprobablyabout

NickbecausethemaincharacterisfromChicago.Regardless,thetalereveals

howthewarletyoungmenchangeanddevelopsexually,emotionally,and

intellectually.Ofcourse,developmentmightnotbeforthebetter.Ifthis

characterisNick,thenhehashadalovebefore,inMarjorie.Yet,Luzcalls

hislovechildish.Further,whenhegetsbackhome,hehasevenlessintimate

relationshipswithwomen.

(2)Intermsofthemes,thisman’srelationshipwithLuzalsoservestoreveal

theyouthoftheAmericannation.Americawasjustcomingintopowerona

globalscale.TheFirstWorldWarwentalongwaytoprovingitsviabilityas

amajorplayerinworldaffairs.But,Americaremainsmuchyoungerandless

maturethantheEuropeannations.Therefore,whentheItaliangeneralproves

tobemoreofamanthantheAmericansoldier,Hemingwayisindicatingthat

Americaremainsayoungandimmaturenation.

(3)Intermsoflanguageandwritingtechniques,ErnestHemingwayusesa

rangeoftechniqueswithinlanguageandlinguisticstodistinguishdistinct

rolesofgenderinthisstory.Thecharactersconformtoearlytwentieth

centuryarchetypalpositionsofmasculineandfemininestereotypes.The

authorprovidesinsightfulissuestowardswomenforboththeoriginal

generationthestorywasintendedandthemodernreader.Hemingwayuses

thetoolsoflanguageforamoreprogressivestanceonthesexesthanthe

contentofthenarrativeitself.

【解析】分別從故事情節，小說主題，語言和寫作技巧四個角度進行評

析總結即可。

2001年南開大學外國語學院專業英語考研真題及詳解

PartI.Linguistics(50%)(Writeallyouranswerbellowthequestions.Donot

useseparatedsheets)

I.Defineeachofthefollowingterms,givinganexampleifrequired(10%)

1．Duality

【答案】Dualityreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,

suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthe

secondarylevelandeachoftwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.

Thepropertyofdualityonlyexistsinsuchasystem,namely,withboth

elements(e.g.sounds,letters)andunits(e.g.words).

2．Complementarydistribution

【答案】Whentwoormorethantwoallophonesofthesamephonemedo

notdistinguishmeaningandoccurindifferentphoneticenvironments,then

theallophonesaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.

3．Morphophonemics(Explainwithexamples)

【答案】Morphophonemicsisabranchoflinguisticsreferringtothe

analysisandclassi