BasicsentencepatternWarmup:ThinkHowcanwemakeupa

sentenceinEnglish？1.Timeflies.

S

+V主+謂2.Mr.Liishandsome.S

+V

+P主+系+表3.Wehaveninesubjects.

S

+V

+O主+謂+賓4.Itgivesmeafulfillinglife.

S+V

+IO

+DO主+謂+直賓+間賓5.Ourshortlunchtimedrivesmecrazy.

S+V

+O

+C主+謂+賓+賓補BasicsentencestructuresWhatcanyoufindincommonamongthesesentences?S+V有一組主謂就可以構成句子HowcanwemakeupasentenceinEnglish？1.Allofuslaughed./Wemustact./Hetalkedtoomuch.2.Imissmygrandma.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.3.Hetoldusafunnystory.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.4.Mywifecallsmea“moviefan”.Ifoundmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.5.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.Themathshomeworklookseasy.6.There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.Practice:ReadandDiscussthesentencepatternsExploration:1.Allofus

laughed./We

mustact./He

talkedtoomuch.

2.I

miss

mygrandma.

I

had

myfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.

3.He

told

us

afunnystory.

Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.

SVDOSVSVSVSVOSVOSVIODOIO主+謂主+謂+賓主+謂+直賓+間賓Exploration:4.Mywife

calls

me

a“moviefan”.

I

found

myclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.

5.Theteacher

was

kindandfriendly.

Themathshomework

looks

easy.

6.There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.

PLvPTherebe...SVCOSVOCSLvS主+謂+賓+賓補主+系+表1.S+V

(主語+謂語)2.S+V+O

(主語+謂語+賓語)3.S+V+IO+DO(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)4.S+V+O+C(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語)5.S+Lv+P(主語+系動詞+表語)6.Therebe句型一、簡單句的六大基本句型“Intheloveliesttownofall,wherethehouseswerewhiteandhighandtheelmstreesweregreenandhigherthanthehouses,wherethefrontyardswerewideandpleasantandthebackyardswerebushyandworthfindingoutabout,wherethestreetsslopeddowntothestreamandthestreamflowedquietlyunderthebridge,wherethelawnsendedinorchardsandtheorchardsendedinfieldsandthefieldsendedinpasturesandthepasturesclimbedthehillanddisappearedoverthetoptowardthewonderfulwidesky,inthisloveliestofalltownsStuartstoppedtogetadrinkofsarsaparilla.”——StuartLittle

byE.B.White（107words）Challenge:

shortenthefollowingsentences.StuartstoppedLongsentencesHelikesEnglish.Howlongdoyouthinkcanyoulengthenthissentenceinto?Whatdoyouthinkmakesasentenceextremelylong?Challenge:Lengthenthesentence.Caution：thelonger,thebetter?二戰時期羅斯福總統的一名下屬需要通知上夜班的工作人員，在空襲期間，聯邦政府的辦公樓需要關燈或者避免光線外漏。該下屬寫了這么一則通告：SuchpreparationsshallbemadeaswillcompletelyobscureallFederalbuildingsandnon-FederalbuildingsoccupiedbytheFederalgovernmentduringanairraidforanyperiodoftimefromvisibilitybyreasonofinternalorexternal

illumination.羅斯福看完之后，將它改成了：Tellthemthatinbuildingswheretheyhavetokeeptheworkgoingtoputsomethingacrossthewindows.Forthepeoplewhoarefrugalandcaring,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.Caution：thelonger,thebetter?Frugal,caringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.Fromchildhood,hehadaninstinct（天性）thatmadehimexcitedandinterestedinallthingswhichwereelectronic.Fromchildhood,hehadaninstinctivefeelforallelectronicthings.Sentenceelements主語subject謂語predicate

賓語object補語complement定語attribute狀語adverbial表語predicativesentenceelement句子成分主語：Youbeathim.

謂語:Youbeathim.

賓語:Youbeathim.

定語:Youbeatthebadboy.狀語:Youbeathimathome.

表語:Heisbad./Heisaboy.句子成分主語:行為主體，句子描述的主體

謂語:主語發出的動作

賓語:動作的承受者

定語:用來修飾名詞、代詞

狀語:時間、地點、原因等

表語:表示主語“是什么”“怎么樣”Thestudentsarehavingtheirdinner.Wewenttovisitthemuseumlastweek.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.Playingfootballismyfavoritesports.Tofinishsomuchworkinadayisimpossible.Whattheteachersaidmightnotbetrue.名詞代詞動名詞不定式Makingpaperplaneiseasy.從句1.Subject主語Leavesturngreen.

Hisgrandpaisaretiredprofessor.Thispieceofclothfeelsverysoft.

Shebecamecheerfulafterhearingthenews.

系動詞作謂語2.Predicate謂語系動詞不能單獨作謂語,其后必須跟表語，構成系表結構，表示主語的狀況、性質、特征等情況。be動詞感官系動詞look,smell,sound,taste,feel持續系動詞keep,remain,stay,stand變化系動詞become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall表象性系動詞seem,appear結果性系動詞prove,turnoutShedoesn’tspeakEnglish.Thetouristsdecidedtodelaytheirdinner.Leavesturngreen.

Hefinishedthenovelyesterdayevening.Acomputercan’tthinkforitself.Hisgrandpaisaretiredprofessor.Thispieceofclothfeelsverysoft.

Shebecamecheerfulafterhearingthenews.

Shemightbeournewteacher.系動詞作謂語實義動詞作謂語情態動詞+動詞作謂語2.Predicate謂語Hecontinuedhisexploration.Theyarediscussingtheproblem.Wedecidedtogiveupthechance.Hewantedtojoinusthatday.Heoftenhelpsme.Theytoldmethenewsjustnow.Mompromisedmeabirthdaygift.Heenjoysplayingbytheriver.Heconsideredgivingup.Ithinkitimpossibletoreachthatgoal.名詞作賓語不定式作賓語雙賓語（間接、直接）動名詞作賓語形式賓語代詞作賓語3.Object賓語Iamateacher.Thesouptastesnice.Thecurtainisbeautiful.Everyoneishere.Theyareathomenow.Mydreamistobecomeanastronomer.名詞作表語副詞作表語形容詞作表語介詞短語作表語不定式作表語4.Predicative表語形容詞作定語The_____________dictionaryisuseful.Idon’tknow______name.Mr.Puisa___________teacher.Ihaveamplehomework______.Wearethebeststudents___________.代詞作定語名詞作定語介詞詞組作定語不定式作定語English-Englishhishumoroustodointheworld5.Attribute定語Hehasdoneexperiments_______________________________Wearelisteningattentively_________________________Heishavingbread__________________________________togetourteacher’spoints.狀語表程度、地點、時間狀語表目的狀語表原因carefullyinthelabsincelastmonth.becausehedidn’thaveenoughtimeforlunch.6.Adverbial狀語Iaskedhertogotogetherwithus.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavearest.Isawhercrossingtheroad.Iheardthechildgoingupstairs.Momkeptmeplayingthepianothewholemorning.不定式作賓補現在分詞作賓補Hecouldn’tmakehimselfheard.Ifoundthebookboring.過去分詞形容詞

7.Complement補語代詞做同位語8.Apposition同位語We________mustshowup.2.He,___________________,isveryconsiderate.

同位語用來說明或解釋同一事物，通常放在其所說明的名詞或代詞之后。名詞、代詞、數詞等均可用作同位語。

同位語appositiveeachmyChineseteacher名詞做同位語9.Independentelement獨立成分1.______,Imissmygrandma.2.Ifoundmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful,

_______________.3.____________,

there’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.獨立成分，是一種與全句沒有語法關系的成分。感嘆語言、呼語和插入語一般都充當獨立成分。

獨立成分independentelementOhbythewayBelieveme英語句子成分與詞類的關系：1.主語多由名詞或代詞擔任；2.謂語由動詞充當；3.表語位于系動詞之后，多由名詞或形容詞充當；4.賓語分為動賓和介賓，由名詞或代詞充當；5.補足語補充說明賓語或主語；6.定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的，多由形容詞充當；7.狀語修飾動詞或全句，多由副詞充當；8.同位語多由名詞充當，用來說明或解釋另一名詞;9.獨立成分一般是插入語、呼語、感嘆語。主語、謂語、表語、賓語（直接賓語，間接賓語）、補足語、定語、狀語、同位語和獨立成分。二、句子的九大成分

1.Allofuslaughed./Weeachmustact./He,mylittlebrother,talkedtoomuch.2.Oh,Imissmygrandma.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool,bytheway.3.Surprisingly,hetoldusafunnystory.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionarylastweek.4.Mylovelywife,Susan,callsmea“moviefan”.

Totellthetruth,Ifoundmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.5.Theteacherinredwas

kindandfriendly.Themathshomeworklooks

quiteeasy.6.Believeme,there’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.Readanddiscusstheelementsineachsentence.Practice

1名詞noun（n.）

campus

2代詞pronoun

（pron.）

he

3形容詞adjective

（adj.）anxious

4副詞

adverb

（adv.）anxiously

5動詞

verb

（v.）

explore

6數詞numeral

（num.）fifth

7冠詞article

（art.）a/an/the

8介詞preposition（prep.）from

9連詞conjunction

（conj.）but

10感嘆詞interjection

（interj.）

oh

前六類是可以在句子中獨立擔任成分的實詞，后四類是在句子中不能獨立擔任成分的虛詞。

三、英語十大詞類詞類又叫詞性，單詞根據其在句子中的功用，可以分成十個大類：

Iknow