2023名校版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精

讀含答案plas

NotplaisaLondon-basedfirmthatmakesaseaweed-based

substituteforsingle-useplasticpackaging.Althoughsomeof

Notpla'sproductsaresuitabletobeeaten,theyaredesignedto

bedissolved（溶解）afterusage.Thecompany'sfilmwrapismade

ofseaweedlininginsteadofaconventionalplasticbased

coating.Thismakesthefilmfullybiodegradableandidealforuse

aspackagingforcupboardandbathroomsupplieslikecoffee

andtoiletpaper.

AccordingtotheUnitedNations,331millionkilogramsof

plasticgarbageisproducedannuallyaroundtheworld.Roughly

60%oftheestimated9.15billiontonsofplasticproducedsince

theearly1950shasbeentakentolandfillsorabandoned

outdoors.

Plasticsharmthewater,theair,andourbodies.Manyexperts

agreethatsingle-useplasticsareunnecessaryand

dangerous.SomegovernmentsandtownsintheUnitedStates

havetakenaction.NewYorkhasbannedmostplasticshopping

bags,whileplasticstraws（吸管）havebeenbannedinMiami

Beach.Overseas,IndiastatedinAugustthatitplanstoputawide

banonsingle-useplasticsthisupcomingsummer,withthe

EuropeanUnionalreadyimplementingthisban.

Seaweedcomesinavarietyofspeciesandcanbeharvested

orfarmed.Notplausesplantsthathavebeenfarmed.Rodrigo

GarciaGonzalezandPierrePaslier,theinventorsofNotpla,

initiallyconsideredseaweedasasolutiontotheworld7splastic

problemforseveralreasons.Seaweedisabundantandgrows

quickly.Additionallyitdoesn/tcompetewithlandcropsandis

highlyfavoredforitsabilitytoremovesomewasteproductslike

carbonfromtheatmosphere.

IncooperationwiththeonlinefoodorderingserviceJustEat,

thestart-uprecentlytesteditsproduct.Lastyear,thetwo

companieshandedout30,000takeawayboxesatvariousUK

restaurants.Plansareintheworkstooffertheboxesacross

Europein2022.Notpla'steamintendstoreplacesingle-use

plasticinthesupplychainmoregenerallyastheyscale.The

companyrecognizesthedifficultyofsuchajobgiventhevolume

ofplasticsconsumedaroundtheworld.

5.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph2?

A.Bycomparingfacts.

B.Bypresentingfigures.

C.Byraisingquestions.

D.Bygivingexamples.

6.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"implementing"

inparagraph3?

A.Lifting.

B.Protecting.

C.Opposing.

D.Performing.

7.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Thewideuseofseaweed.

B.Thenextgoalofthenewstudy.

C.Thehugemarketoftheplasticbags.

D.Theadvantagesofchoosingseaweed.

8.Whatdoesthecompanythinkofitsplantoreplacethewhole

single-useplastic?

A.Itwillbeunpractical.

B.Itwillberichlyrewarded.

C.Itwillbealittletough.

D.Itwillberathersuccessful.

BDDC

Totackletheproblemoftinyplasticspollutingwaterways,

chemistsintheCzechRepublicarethinkingsmall.Their

brainchildisanewmicrorobotwhichisnobiggerthanthetipof

asharpenedpencil.Whensunlighthitsthem,theyproduce

chemicalreactionsthatpushthemthroughwaterinaspecific

direction.Whentheyfindapieceofplastic,theysticktoitand

starttobreakitdown.

ChemistMartinPumeraattheCzechUniversityledthe

project.Adecadeago,hechosetofocusontheproblemposed

bymicroplastics.They,reeverywhere—fromthebottomofthe

oceantoairblowingontoiceatopmountains.They,veturnedup

indrinkingwater.Somestudiesestimatethatbillionsofpiecesof

plasticendupintheworld,swaters.Theplastichasmany

sources,fromshoppingbagstowashingandcleaningwipes.

Inlabexperiments,thestar-shapedswimmersstuckonto

eachoffourdifferenttypesofplastic.Andafteraweekexposed

tolight,therobotshadreducedtheweightoftheplastics.lt

wasn'tmuch—onlybypercent.Butthatwasanindicationthat

theywerebreakingtheplasticdown.Theyalsocausedthe

surfaceoftheplastictochangefromsmoothtorough.That/s

anothersignthattherobotsweredegrading（分解）it.Thenew

studyisaproofofconcepttype.Thatmeansitshowssomething

canbedonesuccessfully.

Infact,Pumerasaystheystillhavealongwaytogo.Thereare

manytypesofplastics.Andeventhesemicrorobotsareunlikely

tosucceedindegradingthemall.Theresearchersalsohavenot

yetshownhowsafethissystemisfortheenvironment,although

Pumerasaysthatstheirnextgoal.Thefirstreal-worldtestwillbe

inawastewater-treatmentplant."Indeedsaysoneresearcher.

"We'IIneedalotoftestingtoshowthatthey*resafeinopen

waterways,suchasatsea."

1.Themicrorobotsarepoweredby.

A.water

B.sunlight

C.plastics

D.pencils

2.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninparagraph2?

A.ThepurposeofPumera,sproject.

B.Thepreciousnessofdrinkingwater.

C.Theseriousnessofplasticpollution.

D.Theworkingprincipleofthemicrorobots.

3.Whatshowstheeffectivenessofthemicrorobotsinlab

experiments?

A.Theweightlossoftheplastics.

B.Thedisappearanceoftheplastics.

C.Theshapechangeofthemicrorobots.

D.Theimprovementinthepurityofwater.

4.Whichofthefollowing