中英文對照外文翻譯金礦床成礦理論研究綜述摘要:近十余年來,金礦成礦理論研究取得了長足進展,分別就金礦床的分類、金礦床的成礦作用動力學、金礦成因等幾方面對金礦床研究進展進行論述,最后提出三種尋找金礦的新方法,以開闊金礦研究和勘查思路。關鍵詞:金礦床;研究;進展;新方法1.金礦床的分類金礦床分類,是金礦礦床學研究中的主要課題,金礦床分類方法有很多,近年來國內外流行的分類中,可粗略歸納為六種傾向性分類:1.側重于成礦作用的成因類型;2.側重于與金伴生礦物的共生組合和礦石建造;3.側重于金礦產出圍巖與地層特點;4.側重于金礦體產狀形態與特點;5.按成礦作用深度;6.以著名金礦床的特征為代表命名。按金礦成礦作用,可將礦床劃分為內生、外生和變質成因的三大類型金礦床。按金礦產出圍巖與地層特點,可分為:與太古界綠巖帶有關的金礦床;與元古界淺變質沉積巖系有關的金礦床;與中新生代中酸性小侵入體有關的金礦床;與古生界碳酸鹽有關的金礦床;與中新代火山巖有關的金礦床等幾大類。R.Kerrich&R.Goldfarb等提出一種新的金礦床分類方案,即依據金礦床產出的大地構造環境劃分,有6種主要類型,主要有:1.造山帶型金礦床;2.卡林型似卡林型金礦床;3.淺成低溫熱液型金銀礦床;4.銅-金斑巖型礦床;5.鐵氧化物型銅-金礦床;6.富金火山巖型塊狀硫化物和沉積噴氣礦床。這種分類的基礎是礦石和蝕變礦物組合、礦石和蝕變礦化金屬儲量、成礦流體的壓力和成分、礦床形成的深度及其范圍、與構造和不同規模的巖漿侵入巖的關系、與圍巖地塊P-T-t演化的關系。這種分類反映了金礦床生成的不同地球動力學環境[1]。造山帶型金礦(Orogenicgolddeposit)是指與不同時代變質體有關的匯聚板塊邊緣增生造山帶和碰撞造山帶內受擠壓和走滑擠壓變形作用形成的金礦床,造山帶型金礦一般產于Cordileran型造山帶、走滑擠壓的俯沖-增生雜巖體內、近地體邊緣的地殼中部(4~16km),也有部分產于板內地幔巖石圈拆沉或地幔柱上涌處。卡林和似卡林型金礦床產于伸展的匯聚邊緣大陸弧或弧后的地殼淺部(小于4km),部分與巖圈底部軟流圈地幔柱上涌有關。淺成低溫熱液金礦床(1~2km)和斑巖型銅-金礦床(1~4km)定位于大陸邊緣弧或洋內弧的地殼淺部。鐵氧化物型銅、金礦床形成于地殼中部到淺部(1~6km),與伸展的克拉通內非造山的巖漿作用有關;元古宙的鐵氧化物型銅-金礦床位于難熔的太古宙地幔巖石圈向薄的元古宙地幔巖石圈的轉變部位。富金火山塊狀硫化物型礦床是大陸弧后或洋內弧后海底或近海底的熱水沉積。2金礦床的成礦作用動力學研究進展研究發現,大多數金礦床形成的主要地球動力學環境是:1.大洋;2.島弧;3.碰撞帶及板間構造帶。因此尋找金礦床方向應該是洋殼和過渡地殼殘留以及島弧型火山侵入巖發育的區域。2.1板塊構造對金礦床的控制作用運用板塊構造理論分析金礦床形成的大地構造環境,是多年來金礦理論研究的一個重點突破。俄羅斯東北部地區板塊碰撞變質作用與金礦床成因關系反映出:在板塊碰撞早期,形成含金石英脈型金礦化;在板塊碰撞的中期,形成與花崗閃長巖有關的含金石英脈型礦化和金-稀有金屬礦化;在碰撞增生后的雜巖中,則形成金銀、金-稀有金屬、金-銻和金-汞礦化。2.2伸展構造對金礦床的控制作用研究表明,大陸伸展構造不僅僅是金礦床的定位構造,而且是成生構造(陸松年,1997)。伸展構造形成的過程就是金運移、聚集和成礦的過程。在伸展構造體系作用下地層的減薄及其拆離斷層的發育,直接控制了冀東地區一類金礦床的產出,如燕山地區從整體上看,中、新元古界是比較穩定的,地層出露全,基本未變質、變形微弱。但在受到伸展構造強烈影響的地段不僅僅巖層厚度減薄顯著,造成地層的缺失,而且發現常州溝組石英砂巖由于巖性較硬,可被拉斷成為大型構造透鏡體,而在相對較軟的層位中發育層間剪切不同規模的褶疊層構造。因此,在礦區范圍內賦礦巖層的產狀混亂是尋找金礦床的找礦宏觀標志[3],這一類礦床有尖寶山、洞子溝銀銅金礦床等。伸展構造的另一種表現是角礫巖的發育和巖層的角礫化現象。在寬城和青龍都發現金礦與常州溝組和高于莊組的角礫巖有密切的共生關系。對這些角礫巖的形成目前還有不同的認識,有人認為屬次火山角礫巖,有人認為系隱爆角礫巖。筆者傾向伸展構造的產物,無論是淺層次高角度正斷層中受張性斷裂影響形成的角礫巖,或是較深部位形成的隱爆角礫巖,其動力學機制是受伸展構造控制的。2.3巖漿隱爆作用對金礦床的控制巖漿隱爆作用是指在淺成或超淺成的環境中,在巖漿頂部巖層壓力大于巖漿爆破應力條件下所發生的爆破式次火山活動,也就是地下火山活動。巖漿隱爆作用所產生的各種角礫巖統稱為隱爆角礫巖。造成這種作用發生最直接的因素是受熱的多源流體或氣體,巖漿隱蔽爆破主要作用方式是氣爆和漿爆,其次是熱液注入。淺成-超淺成中酸性斑巖體是隱爆角礫巖形成的決定性因素,氣液的隱蔽爆破作用是隱爆角礫巖及角礫巖型金-多金屬礦床形成的內因,成巖與成礦是同一地質作用過程不同階段的產物。天津薊縣東山金礦就屬此類。該金礦的容礦圍巖為超淺成次火山巖(斜長玢巖),與其緊密伴生的是超基性的隱爆角礫巖-橄輝云煌巖。該礦床屬于與巖漿隱爆作用有關的具較大遠景的金礦床,目前已確定1、2、4#礦脈具工業意義。其中4#礦脈經地表及硐探揭露,礦體連結成似筒狀,延伸大于延長;礦石為微細粒浸染型。3.金礦成因方面的研究進展3.1金礦床同位素測年技術的新進展隨著金礦床同位素測年技術研究的日益深入以及新儀器新技術的使用,使得一方面傳統測年方法的精確性不斷提高,而另一方面新的方法不斷地被嘗試和推廣,各種測年方法之間相互補充、相互驗證,使測年結果日益精確。(1)從間接測年法向直接測年法發展。傳統的金礦床同位素定年方法有兩種:間接測年法、鉛同位素模式年齡法。前者即首先采用全巖或礦物r-39Ar、K-Ar、Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr等方法測定成礦區各地層巖石單元的年齡,然后基于野外對礦體和其他地質體之間相互關系的觀察,得出成礦的相對時代。這種方法的主要缺陷在于野外地質現象復雜多樣,有時很難確定礦體和其他地質體之間的相互關系。而鉛同位素模式年齡法,是利用Pb同位素的初始比值。運用于單階段、兩階段和多階段等演化模式計算或估算成礦年齡。此法應用很廣泛,但所得結果多數不太理想,一般只能作參考之用。因此,最近一段時間以來,利用礦石礦物和蝕變礦物(白云母、黑云母、長石、金紅石、榍石、電氣石和石英、白鎢礦等)直接定年的方法被廣泛使用。(2)分斬樣品量減少,結果更加精確。近年來,隨著科學技術的發展,同位素分析儀器有了很大的改進,如使用離子探針、高靈敏度分光計、快中子活化等技術;另一方面新的分析方法也不斷地被采用,如新的同位素稀釋劑、新的分析流程和載體工藝等的推廣,礦物的挑選、提純和表面處理等手段的提高,使得分析精度大大提高,待測礦物的樣品量大大少。(3)金礦同位素定年向多樣化、精確化方向發展。最典型的是K-Ar法、40Ar-39Ar法,利用金礦床中蝕變礦物或脈石礦物進行K-Ar法、40Ar-39Ar法年齡測定近年來得到了廣泛的應用。用于測定的主要礦物為白云母、角閃石、黑云母、綠泥石、鉀長石等。到目前為止,我國有不少金礦區,如秦嶺、冀東、股東、粵西等地的金礦床都積累了一定的40Ar-39Ar法或K-Ar法的測年散據,如小秦嶺含金石英脈中長石的K-At法年齡(欒世偉,1985),但利用K-Ar法、40Ar-39Ar法測年必須注意其局限性。3.2同位素在礦質來源方面示蹤研究的進展(1)礦區及其周圍地質體同位素對比研究。該法是通過對礦區及其周圍有關礦石、巖石、礦物之間同位素的對比研究,判斷礦質來源,如Gulson等人(1990)對美國科羅拉多一些地區前寒武紀角閃片麻巖、黑云片巖、第三紀侵入巖和金礦化的Pb同位素之間的對比研究,發現有的地區第三紀侵入體應該是前寒武紀兩種片麻巖部分融熔后的混合,而Au-Ag礦與第三紀侵入體有關,另一地區礦化金屬來自前寒武紀角閃石和微斜長石片麻巖。(2)區域同位素的對比研究。在研究礦床穩定同位素時,不能生搬硬套其他地區的構造模式,必須在了解區域背景基礎上才具有意義。近幾年,我國不少學者紛紛開展了金礦床O,H,C,S,Pb同位素的區域對比研究工作,如王義文劃分出古老正常鉛、古老異常鉛、年青正常鉛和年青異常鉛;羅鎮寬等人將我國金礦床鉛同位素劃分為華北地塊、吉黑地槽、江南古陸、揚子凹陷、華夏古陸和南嶺裙皺等構造分區;馬振東用鉛同位素數據將華北陸臺期分為南、北、東三個金礦成礦帶。(3)對礦床同位素演化的物理化學過程及其他方面的綜合研究。如注意研究成礦物理化學條件對同位素的影響,包括fO2、pH、Eh、T、P以及流體離子成分對同位素分餾的作用;研究成礦過程中水-巖交換反應對同位素系統的改造作用;研究多元同位素混合演化模式和對混合同位素體系進行總體篩選;結合其他地球化學研究,如稀土分析、大離子親石性元素分析和同位素測年數據等,進行對比研究,從而確定礦床物質來源。(4)建立模式和進行反演。對同位素系統在各種地質作用過程中的地球化學習性進行研究,或用實驗方法模擬各種地質作用過程中同位素系統的演化特征,從面建立起相應的模式,并在金礦床成因研究中進行反演。如林爾為等人(1985)的實驗表明,金廠峪斜長角閃巖最初淋出的組分中放射性成因鉛高,因而他們得出結論認為:熱液活動、變質作用、混合巖化作用、交代重熔過程中放射性成因鉛會優先進入成礦溶液。4.近年來的尋找金礦的新方法4.1地電化學提取法地電化學提取法是以地下巖石中的離子動態平衡狀態為基礎的地球化學方法[8]。在人工電場的作用下,地下巖石中的離子動態平衡被破壞,促使離子向離子收集器中遷移。經過一定時間后,地下巖石中離子達到新的動態平衡,離子收集器收集到的離子達到飽和狀態。于是可以根據收集器收集到的樣品(泡塑)中成礦離子的含量來判斷深部是否有隱伏礦存在,從而達到尋找隱伏礦的目的[9]。例如通過在新疆哈密金窩子金礦地區剖面開展以地電化學提取法為主的找礦試驗研究,多元素地化異常與已知礦體相吻合,表明利用以地電提取法為主、以土壤吸附相態汞測量、土壤離子電導率為輔的多種方法組合,在西北荒漠戈壁區尋找隱伏金礦方法是可行的,效果是明顯的,值得推廣應用。4.2水地球化學法在膠西北地區所做的水地球化學研究,結果顯示Au與SO2-4的水地球化學異常具有相關性,分析水中的SO可以用于輔助指導找金礦。Au與Hg的相關系數較高,此兩種元素可能在地下水中共生。水地球化學方法可以有效地應用在隱伏金礦勘查中,特別是在礦業開發地表遭受污染的情況下,地下水測量是一種有效的方法,而且這種方法將發揮越來越重要的作。4.3構造疊加暈法金礦受構造控制,構造活動有脈動性,金礦成礦成暈不僅具有時間上的多期多階段疊加特點,而且在構造空間上也具有不同形式的疊加結構。據此,研究不同成礦階段的元素組合、不同成礦階段形成礦體(暈)的軸向分帶及其在空間上的疊加特點,建立典型金礦床的構造疊加暈模式,確定盲礦的預測標志,用模式和標志對深部及其外圍進行盲礦預測。5.結論(1)與巖體質量評價相關聯的不確定性對邊坡的設計和開挖會帶來相當大的影響。即使使用目前最好的評價方法,計算出來的安全系數或隧洞性質的范圍值仍然是變化的。(2)由于確定巖體持性的可靠參數有著固有的困難,目前不可能出現評價巖體性質的精確方法。所以,不應該認為通過計算能夠得出惟一可靠的數據。而應該在評價中考慮參數變化范圍。(3)鑒于其復雜性,概率論尚未在國內巖體分級及支護等領域廣泛使用,但在可預見的未來,一定會更多地應用于隧道工程中。外文原文ReviewofMetallogenicTheoryofGoldDepositAbstract:Inrecenttenyears,considerableprogressinresearchonmetallogenictheoryofgolddeposithasbeenmade.Researchprogressofthegolddepositwasdiscussedfromclassificationandminera-lizationdynamicsofgolddepositaswellasgenesisofgolddepositThreenewmethodsforgoldprospectingwereputforward,whichhelpedtostudythegolddepositandwidenexplorationthoughtKeywords:GolddepositResearch;Progress;Newmethod1.TheclassificationofgolddepositsTheclassificationofgolddeposits,isamajorissueinthestudyofgoldoredeposits,therearemanygolddepositsclassificationmethod,theclassificationathomeandabroadinrecentyearspopular,canberoughlydividedintosixkindsofTendencyClassification:type1focusesonmineralizationandgold;2focusesontheassociatedmineralassemblagesandoreformation;3focusonthecharacteristicsofsurroundingrockandtheformationofgolddeposits;4focusesongoldorebodyoccurrenceformandcharacteristics;5accordingtothemineralizationdepth;6accordingtothefeaturesofthefamousgolddepositisarepresentativeofnaming.Effectongoldmineralization,theoredepositisdividedintothreetypesofgolddepositsareendogenous,exogenousandmetamorphicorigin.Accordingtothesurroundingrockandtheformationcharacteristicsofgolddeposits,whichcanbedividedinto:golddepositsassociatedwithArcheangreenstonebelt;andtheProterozoicmetamorphicsedimentaryrocksofgolddepositsrelatedtoMesozoicCenozoic;smallintermediateacidicintrusiverelatedgolddeposit;golddepositrelatedtoPaleozoiccarbonate;associatedwiththenewgenerationofvolcanorockgolddepositandothercategories.R.Kerrich&R.GoldFarbproposedanewgolddepositclassificationscheme,namelyonthebasisofthetectonicenvironmentisdividedthegolddeposits,thereare6maintypes:typegolddeposit,mainlyhas1orogenicbelt;2CarlinlikeCarlintypegolddeposit;3epithermalgoldsilverdeposit;copper-4goldporphyrydeposits;5ironoxideCuAudeposit;6Fujinvolcanorocktypemassivesulfidedepositsandsedimentaryjet.Thisclassificationisthebasisoforeandalteredminerals,oresandmineralizationalterationmetalreserves,orefluidpressureandcompositionoforedepositformation,depthandscope,andthestructureandscaleofmagmaticintrusiverelationship,andsurroundingrockblockP-T-tevolutionaryrelationship.Thisclassificationreflectsthegolddepositwasgeneratedbydifferentgeodynamicenvironment[1].Typeoforogenicgolddeposit(Orogenicgolddeposit)referstothedifferentagemetamorphicbodyorogenicconvergentmarginhyperplasiawithandcollisionorogenicbeltinthegolddepositofextrusionandstrikeslipextrusionforming,orogenicgolddepositisgenerallyproducedthemiddlecrustinCordilerantypeorogenicbelt,strikeslipextrusionsubductionaccretioncomplexnearbody,rockbodyedge(4~16km),therearesomeproducedintheintraplatemantlelithospheredelaminationChungatthesinkormantleplume.CarlinandCarlintypegolddepositsinthelikeextensionoftheconvergentmargincontinentalarcorbackarcoftheshallowcrust(lessthan4km),circleofmantleplumeupwellingrelatedsoftflowsectionandrockringatthebottom.Epithermalgolddeposits(1~2km)andporphyrycoppergolddeposits(1~4km)shallowcrusttocontinentalmarginarcorintraoceanicarc.Ironoxidecopper,golddepositwasformedinthemiddlecrusttoshallow(1~6km),relatedmagmatismandextensionofthecratonanorogenic;ArcheanlithosphericmantleironoxidecopperProterozoicgolddepositislocatedintherefractorytransitiontopartsofProterozoicmantlelithospherethinning.Fujinvolcanosedimentarymassivesulfidedepositishotwater,backarcorintraoceanicarcbottomornearthebottom.2.AdvancesindynamicsofmineralizationofgolddepositsThestudyfound,mainlygeodynamicenvironmentofmostgolddepositsformis:1oceans;2arc;tectoniccollisionzonebetween3andplatewith.Solookingforgolddepositshouldbethedirectionofoceaniccrustandthetransitionalcrustresiduesandislandarcvolcanointrusiverocksarea.2.1platetectoniccontrolongolddepositbythetheoryofplatetectonicstectonicenvironmentofformationofthegolddeposits,wasformanyyearsthetheorystudyofgoldofabreakthrough.TherelationshipbetweentheplatecollisionmetamorphismandgoldmineralizationareainnortheasternRussiareflect:intheplatecollisionearly,theformationofauriferousquartzveintypegolddeposit;inthemediumplatecollision,theformationandgranodioritequartzveintypemineralizationandgoldandraremetalorecontainingthelongrock;incomplexhyperplasiaaftercollisionintheformofgoldandsilver,gold,raremetal,gold-antimonyandgoldmercurymineralization.Controleffectof2.2extensionaltectonicsongolddepositshows,Continentalextensionalstructureisnotonlythepositioningstructureofgolddeposit,andformstructure(LuSongnian,1997).Theprocessofextensionaltectonicformationistheprocessofmigration,accumulationandmineralizationofgold.Inextensionaltectonicsystemunderstratumthinninganddetachmentfaultdevelopment,directcontrolofaclassofgolddepositinEasternHebeioutput,suchastheYanshanareaasawhole,,intheNeoproterozoicisrelativelystable,strata,thebasicnomodification,weakdeformation.Butundertheextensionalstructurestronglyinfluencesnotonlythethicknessofstratasectionofthinningsignificantly,causetheformationofdeletion,andfoundChangzhouditchgroupquartzsandstoneduetolithologyishard,canbepulledintoalargetectoniclens,whileintherelativelysoftlayersdevelopmentinterlaminarshearfoldinglayerstructureofdifferentscale.BecauseofThis,intheminingareaorerockoccurrencedisorderislookingforgolddepositprospectingmacroscopicmarks[3],thiskindofdepositwithsharpBaoshan,theDongzigousilvercoppergolddeposit,etc..Stretchanothermanifestationoftectonicbrecciaphenomenonisthedevelopmentandformationofbreccia.InKuanchengQinglongfoundandgoldandChangzhouditchgroupandbrecciaGaoyuzhuangFormationhasaclosesymbioticrelationship.Theformationofthebrecciathereisdifferentunderstanding,somepeoplethinkthatthegenusvolcanobreccia,somepeoplethinkthattheDepartmentofcryptoexplosivebreccia.Thetendencyofproductofextensionaltectonics,bothbrecciaimpacttensileshallowhighanglenormalfaultswereformed,andthedeeperpartsoftheformationofcryptoexplosivebreccia,itsdynamicmechanismisaffectedbyextensionaltectoniccontrol.2.3magmaticcryptoexplosionofmagmahiddengolddepositscontrolledexplosionreferstotheshalloworultrashallowenvironments,magmaticrockmagmaintoppressureisgreaterthantheforcebyblastingblastingundertheconditionofsecondvolcanoactivity,i.e.undergroundvolcanoactivity.Themagmaticcryptoexplosionbrecciaarecollectivelyreferredtoasthecryptoexplosivebreccia.Theeffectofthemostdirectfactorisamulti-sourcefluidorgasheating,magmaticcryptoexplosionmainmodeofactionisgasexplosionandplasmaexplosion,followedbyinjection.Hypabyssalintermediateacidporphyryisadecisivefactorinthecryptoexplosionbreccia,cryptoexplosiongasisinternalcryptoexplosionbrecciatypeandbrecciatypegoldpolymetallicdepositformation,diagenesisandmineralizationweretheproductsofthesamegeologicalprocessofdifferentstage.TianjinJixianCountyDongshangolddepositinthiscategory.Thegoldoreforultrashallowintovolcanorock(plagioclaseBinYan),closelyassociatedwiththeultramaficbreccia-prowersite.Thegolddepositbelongstomagmacryptoexplosionrelatedwithgreatpotentialofgolddeposits,thereare1,2,4#veinswithindustrialsignificance.The4#veinbysurfaceandaditexplorationrevealed,thelinkascylindrical,extendoverextended;disseminatedores.3.ResearchprogressofgeneticaspectsThenewprogressofthe3.1golddeposit,isotopedatingtechniquesmineralizationandonWiththeuseoftechnicalmeasurementongolddepositisotopedeepeningandnewinstrumentandnewtechnology,theaccuracyoftraditionaldatingmethodscontinuetoimprove,andontheotherhand,thenewconstantlytryandpromote,variousdatingmethodscomplementeachother,mutualauthentication,thedatingresultsbecomemoreaccurate.(1)fromindirecttodirectdatingdatingmethoddevelopment.Golddeposit,isotopictraditionaldatingmethodhastwokinds:indirectdating,PbisotopicElementmodelagemethod.Theformeristhewholerockormineralr-39AR,K-AR,Sm-Nd,Rb-Srandothermethodsforthedeterminationofmetallogeniczonearoundtherockunitsoftheage,andthenbasedontheobservationoforeandothergeologicalbodyinteractionfield,therelativeageofmineralization.Themaindisadvantageofthismethodisthatthefieldgeologicalphenomenoniscomplicated,itissometimesdifficulttodeterminetherelationshipbetweentheorebodiesandothergeologicalbody.Theleadisotopemodelage,istheinitialratiousingPbisotope.Appliedtotheevolutionmodelofsinglestage,twostageandmultistagecalculationorestimationofmetallogenicage.Thismethodiswidelyused,buttheresultsmostisnotideal,onlyforreference.Therefore,therecentperiodoftime,theoremineralsandalterationminerals(BaiYunmu,JinHongshi,feldspar,biotite,titanite,tourmalineandquartzscheelite,etc.)methodfordirectdatingofwidelyused.(2)dividedintosampleamountisreduced,moreaccurateresults.Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,isotopeanalysisinstrumenthasbeengreatlyimproved,suchastheuseofionprobe,high-sensitivityspectrometer,fastneutronactivationtechnique;anewanalysismethodontheotherhandalsocontinuetobeused,suchasthenewisotopicdiluent,promotionofnewprocessandsupportprocess,mineralselection,purificationandsurfacetreatmenttoimprove,whichmakestheanalysisaccuracyisgreatlyimproved,thesamplemeasurementofmineralssignificantlyless.(3)golddatingtothediversification,accuratedirection.ThemosttypicalistheK-AR,40Ar-39Ar,thegolddepositsinthealterationmineralandganguemineralsareK-AR,40Ar-39Ardatingmethodhasbeenwidelyappliedinrecentyears.Themainmineralsusedfordeterminationofmuscovite,hornblende,biotite,chlorite,potassiumfeldspar.Sofar,Chinahasalotofgolddeposits,suchasgolddepositinQinlingMountains,Jidong,shareholders,westernGuangdongandotherplacesofaccumulated40Acertainr-39ArmethodOrK-Ardatingdata,suchasK-AtagesmallQinlingMountainsfeldsparquartzveinsinthe(LuanShiwei,1985),butbyusingK-ARmethod,the40Ar-39Ardatingmustpayattentiontoitslimitations.Progressinstudiesonmineralsources3.2isotopetracer(1)miningareaanditssurroundinggeologicalbodiesisotopestudy.Themethodisbasedonacomparisonbetweentheisotopebetweenminingareaanditssurroundingrock,theore,minerals,mineralsourcessuchasjudge,Gulsonetal.(1990)acomparisonstudybetweenPbisotopeinsomepartsoftheAmericanColoradoPrecambrianhornblendegneiss,biotiteschist,thirdtertiaryintrusiverocksandgoldmineralization,foundthatsomeareathirdJiintrusivebodyshouldbethePrecambriangneissaftertwopartialmeltingofthemixture,whiletheAu-Agoreandthirdtertiaryintrusiverelated,anotherareamineralizationmetalfromPrecambrianhornblendeandmicroclinegneiss.(2)theisotope.Inthestudyofthestableisotopesoforedeposit,tectonicmodelcannotapplymechanicallyotherarea,mustintheunderstandingoftheregionalbackgroundwillhavemeaning.Inrecentyears,manyscholarsinourcountryhavelaunchedthegolddepositO,H,C,S,regionalcomparativestudyonPbisotope,suchasWangYiwendividedtheoldnormallead,old,youngnormalandanomalousleadleadyounganomalouslead;LuoZhenkuanetAlPbisotopesofgolddepositsinChinaaredividedintotheNorthChinablock,YoshiguroChi,theJiangnan,CathaysianandYangtzedepression,NANLINGTECTONICZONINGwrinkleddress;MaZhendongwithleadisotopedataofNorthChinaplatformperiodisdividedintothesouth,North,Eastthreegoldmetallogenicbelt.(3)thecomprehensiveresearchofphysicalandchemicalprocessesofPbisotopeevolutionandotheraspects.Suchastheeffectofattentionalconditionofisotopemetallogenicphysicalchemistry,includingtheroleoffO2,pH,Eh,T,Pandfluidioncompositiononisotopefractionation;water-Studyonmetallogenicprocessofrockalterationofisotopicexchangereactionsystem;researchonmultiisotopemixingevolutionmodelandthemixedisotopicsystemarecombinedwiththegeneralscreening;othergeochemicalstudies,suchastheanalysisofrareearth,largeiondearstoneelementsanalysisandisotopicdatingdata,comparativestudy,soastodeterminethesourceoforematerial.(4)establishingthemodelandinversion.Studyongeochemicalbehaviorsinvariousgeologicalprocessesisotopesystem,orbyusingexperimentalmethodtosimulatetheevolutioncharacteristicsofisotopesystemsofvariousgeologicalprocesses,establishthecorrespondingmodelfromthesurface,andinversioninthegenesisofgolddepositsinthe.E.g.youetal(1985)experiment,JinchangyuamphibolitehighradiogenicPbgroupinitiallyleachedfromtherocks,andtheycametotheconclusionthat:hydrothermalactivities,metamorphism,migmatizationmetasomatismremeltingprocess,theradiogenicleadintotheore-formingsolutionwillbeapriority.4.Anewmethodforgolddepositsinrecentyears.4.1theGEOELECTROCHEMICALEXTRACTIONMETHODTheGEOELECTROCHEMICALextractionmethodisgeochemicalmethod[totheionhomeostasisinundergroundrockbased.Intheartificialelectricfield,ionhomeostasisinundergroundrockisdestroyed,theionmigrationtotheioncollector.Afteracertaintime,ionundergroundrockreachedanewdynamicequilibrium,ionioncollectortoreachsaturationstate.Thenaccordingtothecollectorcollectedsamples(foam)contentofore-formingionstojudgewhetherthereexistdeepconcealedore,soastoachievethepurposeofseekingforconcealedore.Forexample,thesectioninXinjiangHamigolddepositoreareateststudyfoundmainlyinelectrochemicalextractionmethod,multielementgeochemicalanomalyisconsistentwiththeknownorebody,showthatusingGEOELECTROCHEMICALextractionmethodcombiningwithmanymethods,supplementedbymainlybysoiladsorptionofmercuryioninsoilconductivitymeasurement,method,sear