Chapter7InternationalTradeTermsPart2:InternationalTradePracticeLearningObjectiveTounderstandtheroleoftradetermsCompareandlearn:FOB,CFRandCIFCompareandlearn:FCA,CPTandCIPTounderstandthe13tradetermsunderIncoterm2000

國際貿易術語解釋通則2000ExerciseQuestion:Doyouknowhowtocarryoutaninternationaltransaction?Maybeyouneedtofindandcontactaclient/customer…Maybeyouneedtobargainwiththeclient/customer…Ifyousuccessthenyouneedtosignacontractwiththeclient/customer…Afterwardyouneedtofulfillthecontract…Ifyoufailthenyouneedtosettlethedispute…Preparation

Negotiation

Implementation

Settlement

ConclusionInternationaltradeproceduresinclude:Toresearchonthetargetcountry’sorregion’smarketandcustomer,ToprepareexportcommoditiesInquiry,offer,counter-offer,acceptance,conclusionofcontractPreparinggoodsforshipment,Applyingcommodityinspection,Charteringandbookingshippingspace,Goingthroughcustomsformality,Effectinginsurance…Conciliation,Arbitration,LitigationSingingacontractInternationaltradehasnumerousproceduresencompassingpacking,insurance,license,customsformality,shipping,loadingorunloading,whichismuchmoredifficultthandomestictrade.Moreover,eachproceduremustbecompletedbyeitherthesellerorthebuyer.Atleast,weneedtospecifyclearlythefollowingissues:1.Resposiblitiesandassociatedcost;2.Timeandplaceofdelivery;3.Documentsandexpenses;4.Titletogoods.“FOBUSD0.73”TradeTerm貿易術語Asetofinternationallyagreedtermsappeartohelppeoplesolvetheproblemandspecifythefourissuesclearly.1.Theroleoftradeterms

Tradeterms,alsoknownaspricetermsordeliveryterms,arestandardizedtermsusedinsalescontractthatdescribetheplaceandmannerforthetransferofgoodsfromthesellerorthebuyer.

Page192Tradetermsmayalsodefineavarietyofothermatters,includingtheprice,thetimewhentheriskoflossshiftsfromthesellertothebuyer,andthecostsoffreightandinsurance.Theuseoftradetermsgreatlysimplifiestheprocessofnegotiationofcontract,thussavingtimeandcostforbusinessmen.

(1)Warsaw-OxfordRules1932:OnlystipulateCIF

2.Internationalrules&practiceontradeterms

(2)

RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinition1941:6tradeterms

(EX,FOB,FAS,C&F,CIF,EXDOCK)(3)Internationalruleoftheinterpretationoftradeterms(INCOTERM):4categories

(13terms:EXW,FCA,FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,DAF,DES,DEQ,DDU,DDP)INCOTERM國際貿易術語解釋通則

TheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)inPairsdevelopedINCOTERMS(InternationalCommercialTERMS).Itwasfirstpublishedin1936andhasbeenperiodicallyrevisedtoaccountforchangingmodesoftransportanddocumentdelivery.ThecurrentversionisIncoterms2000,whichcameintoforceonJan.1,2000.

《國際貿易術語解釋通則2000》共有13個貿易術語，依次分為E、F、C、D四組，主要涉及貨物的運輸、風險劃分、投保義務、交貨地點、出口進口結關手續及費用負擔、裝卸貨義務及適用的運輸方式等內容。Accordingtotherightsandobligationofdelivery:

Accordingtothemodesoftransportationapplied:

MostfrequentlyusedinseaandinlandwaterwaytransportMostfrequentlyusedinallmodesoftransport

1.FOB船上交貨Free

OnBoard

(namedportofshipment裝運港)FOB,CFRandCIF(Sea/inlandwaterway,acrossship’srail)“onboard”,traditionally,meansthemomentthegoodsacrossship’srail.

Seller

BuyerRisk

Cost

Risk

Cost

RiskCostFOBSeller’scostandriskBuyer’scostandriskShip’srail(onboardtheship)PassingpointofRiskProductioncostExportdocumentsandcustomsexpensesBenefitArrangeforshipmentandassociatedcostEffectinsuranceandrelatedexpenseImportdocumentsandcustomsexpensesTakedeliveryofgoodsandmakepaymentDeliveringthegoodsonboardtheshipandrelatedexpenses

USD500perM/TFOBShenzhen

Example500USD=Productioncost+Benefit+Exportformalityexpenses+Deliveryexpenses(onboardtheship)Shenzhenmeanstheportofloading/deliverywithinthestipulatedtimeSellershouldgettheexportlicenseandotherofficialandcommercialdocumentsWhenthegoodspasstheship’srailitstitlepassfromthesellertothebuyer2.CFR成本加運費

CostandFreight

(namedportofdestination目的港)FOB,CFRandCIF“Costandfreight”,thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.

Seller

BuyerRisk

Cost

Risk

Cost

RiskCostCFRSeller’sriskBuyer’sriskShip’srail(onboardtheship)PassingpointofRiskProductioncostExportdocumentsandcustomsexpensesBenefitArrangeforshipmentandassociatedcostEffectinsuranceandrelatedexpenseImportdocumentsandcustomsexpensesTakedeliveryofgoodsandmakepaymentDeliveringthegoodsonboardtheshipandrelatedexpensesUSD550perM/TCFRLondon

Example550USD=Productioncost+Benefit+Exportformalityexpenses+Deliveryexpenses(onboardtheship)+FreightLondonmeanstheportofunloading/destinationwithinthestipulatedtimeSellershouldgettheexportlicenseandotherofficialandcommercialdocumentsWhenthegoodspasstheship’srailitstitlepassfromthesellertothebuyer3.CIF成本保險費運費Cost,InsuranceandFreight

(namedportofdestination目的港)FOB,CFRandCIF“Cost,InsuranceandFreight

”,thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination,andmustalsoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.

Seller

BuyerRisk

Cost

Risk

Cost

RiskCostCIFSeller’sriskBuyer’sriskShip’srail(onboardtheship)PassingpointofRiskProductioncostExportdocumentsandcustomsexpensesBenefitArrangeforshipmentandassociatedcostEffectinsuranceandrelatedexpenseImportdocumentsandcustomsexpensesTakedeliveryofgoodsandmakepaymentDeliveringthegoodsonboardtheshipandrelatedexpensesUSD600perM/TCIFLondonExample600USD=Productioncost+Benefit+Exportformalityexpenses+Deliveryexpenses(onboardtheship)+Freight+InsurancepremiumLondonmeanstheportof

unloading/destinationwithinthestipulatedtimeSellershouldgettheexportlicenseandotherofficialandcommercialdocumentsWhenthegoodspasstheship’srailitstitlepassfromthesellertothebuyerConclusion

FOBCFR=FOB+FreightCIF=CFR+Insurancepremium

Obtainingexportlicenseorotherofficialdocumentsandcarryingoutallcustomsformalities(n.禮節,程序)fortheexportofthegoods.Deliveringthegoodsonboardthevesseldesignatedbythebuyerattheportofshipmentwithintheperiodstipulatedinthecontract.Providingthecommercialdocuments,oritsequivalent(a.等價的,相等的)electronicmessagetothebuyer.Chartering(租用)shipsorbookinglinerspaces,payingthefreight,informingthenameandthedateofarrivaloftheship;Effectinginsuranceagainsttherisksoftransportation.Obtainingallkindsofdocumentsrequiredforimportclearing(進口清關)andcarryingoutimportformalities.Takingdeliveryofthegoods(提貨),makingpaymenttotheseller.FOBCFRCIFFOB,CFRandCIFIssueinpractice:

Thepassingpointofrisk風險轉移點Seller’sriskBuyer’sriskShip’srail(onboardtheship)

However,Incotermsisnotmandatory(強制的),businessmenmaythereforestipulatetheirresponsibilitiesorrisksintheircontract.Forexample,thesellerisrequiredtoprovide“shippedonboardBillofLading”(已裝船提單).FOB,CFRandCIFIssueinpractice:

2.LinkagebetweenshipsandgoodsunderFOBFOB下船貨的鏈接ThesellerThebuyerShipThebuyerisrequiredtogivesufficientnoticeofthevesselname,loadingpointandrequireddeliverytimetotheseller.Goods

FOB,CFRandCIFIssueinpractice:

3.ShippingadviceunderCFRCFR下的已裝船通知ThesellerThebuyerShipThesellerisresponsibletoeffectshipmentandsendshippingadvicetothebuyertoinformthebuyertotakedeliveryofgoodsandprepareforinsurance.Goods

Takedeliveryofgoods/toeffectinsuranceShippingadviceFOB,CFRandCIFIssueinpractice:

4.FOBintheRevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941TospecifyclearlyabouttheversionofFOB:FOB(Incoterm2000)5.Loadingandunloadingchargeswhengoodsareshippedbycharter租船形式下裝貨和卸貨費用的劃分Liner班輪Charter租船FreightusuallycontainsloadingandunloadingchargesDerived(派生的)termsareusedtospecifythebearingofloading/unloadingexpenses.DerivedtermsFOB(Loadingcharges)CFR/CIF(Unloadingcharges)FOBLinerTerms班輪條件BybuyerCFR/CIFLinerTerms班輪條件BysellerFOBUnderTackle吊鉤下交貨BybuyerCFR/CIFExShip’sHold艙底交貨BybuyerFOBStowed理艙費在內BysellerCFR/CIFLanded卸到岸上BysellerFOBTrimmed平艙費在內BysellerFOBStowedandTrimmed理艙費、平艙費在內BysellerSellerdeliversthegoodstothewharfwithinthereachoftheship’stackle

Shipcompany(Buyer