TeaUnit6Whenwasitinvented?GrammarFocus-4cLanguagegoals語言能力學(xué)習(xí)能力思維品質(zhì)文化意識1.培養(yǎng)想象力，發(fā)揮想象力，鼓勵學(xué)生觀察事物。2.面對難題，用積極的態(tài)度去解決，認(rèn)識世界，改造世界。1.掌握常用詞匯及句型:fridge;low;somebody;allofasudden等;2.能夠準(zhǔn)確地將主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)進(jìn)行句式轉(zhuǎn)換。通過一般過去時主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的對比，能總結(jié)出轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律和結(jié)構(gòu),并建立相關(guān)知識之間的聯(lián)系。；2.理解并識別被動語態(tài)的特殊情況(雙賓語、主動表被動等)。1234Tellsomethingabouthowteawasinventedbyaccidentaccordingtothemindmap.Newwordsfridgelowsomebodytranslatelockringearthquakesuddenallofasuddenbellbiscuitcookiemusicalinstrumentn.冰箱adj.低的；矮的pron.某人

n.重要人物v.翻譯v.鎖上；鎖住n.

鎖v.(rang,rung)發(fā)出鐘聲或鈴聲；打電話n.地震adj.突然(的)突然；猛地n.

鐘(聲)；鈴(聲)n.

餅干n.曲奇餅adj.

音樂的；有音樂天賦的n.

器械；儀器；工具Today,trafficwasstoppedbyazebra.Itwasalmosthitbyanothercar.Otheranimalswereseenonthe

freeway,too.Lead-inJerryislateforworkagain.whathappenedtohim?一般過去時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)was/were+動詞的過去分詞Youexpectmetobelievethat

youweredelayedbyazebra?ltwastalkedaboutontheradio.Itisthoughtthattheanimalsescapedfromthezoo.Lead-inAlthoughJerrytellsthetruth,whatdoesthebosssay?Trytotelltheconversationbetweenthem.一般過去時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)am/are/is+動詞的過去分詞ObserveanddiscussWhenwasthezipperinvented?Itwasinventedin1893.Whowasitinventedby?ItwasinventedbyWhitcombJudson.WhenwasteabroughttoKorea?ItwasbroughttoKoreaduringthe6thand7thcenturies.Whatisthehotice-creamscoopusedfor?It’s

usedforservingreallycoldice-cream.ActiveVoice:AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.PassiveVoice:Thetelephonewasinvented(byAlexanderGrahamBell)in1876.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示過去某一時間的被動動作或過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的被動動作。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞。將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)Weplantedtreeslastweek.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)解題步驟1.找賓語----即動作的承受者2.判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).3.把謂語改成was/were+V.過去分詞5.修改原句的主語----即by+主語/賓語.賓變主,主變賓,前加by動變被,看清be,結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+ppTree

wasplanted

byus.4.判斷新主語的單復(fù)數(shù):確定be動詞

的單復(fù)數(shù)He

washed

hiscaryesterday.

Hiscarwaswashed(byhim)yesterday.Didyou

cleanup

yourroomlastnight?Wasyourroomcleaneduplastnight?Hesavedthelivesofthechildren.Thelivesofthechildrenweresaved

byhim.GrammarFocusWhenwasthezipperinvented?Itwasinventedin1893.Whowasitinventedby?ItwasinventedbyWhitcombJudson.WhenwasteabroughttoKorea?ItwasbroughttoKoreaduringthe6thand7thcenturies.Whatisthehotice-creamscoopusedfor?It’susedforservingreallycoldice-cream.ActiveVoice:AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.PassiveVoice:Thetelephonewasinvented(byAlexanderGrahamBell)in1876.一般過去時被動語態(tài)謂語動詞的構(gòu)成主語+was\were+done(過去分詞)+其他成分Tom

made

thenewmachinelastweek.Thenewmachine_____________byTomlastweek.wasmadeWhatdidyoufindout?一般過去時的被動語態(tài)1．句式結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句主語+was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by...).否定句主語+was/were+not+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by...).疑問句Was/Were+主語+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by...)?特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by...)?Thebabywaslookedafterbyhismother.GrammarFocus①“不及物動詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，變成被動時，把它們作為________看待，介詞或副詞______(不可/可)拆開或漏掉。整體不可含有短語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)Theseposterswereputupbyourheadteacher.短語動詞拓展一般過去時的被動語態(tài)2．基本用法用法示例表示過去某一具體時間發(fā)生的動作，且句子的主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者。Thetreeswereplantedlastyear.這些樹是去年種的。講述發(fā)生在過去的動作，且不知道動作的執(zhí)行者。Hewasgivenarobotasabirthdaygiftlastyear.去年他收到了一個機(jī)器人作為生日禮物。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)3．含雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳涞姆椒?1)含有雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，通常把指“人”的間

接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，而指“物”的直接賓語則不變。e.g.HegavemesomeadviceonlearningEnglish.IwasgivensomeadviceonlearningEnglish(byhim).(2)如果要把指“物”的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則在間接賓語前加to或for。

e.g.Mymotherbroughtmeabike.Abikewasbroughttome(bymymother).含有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)Tomgavemeabookyesterday.IwasgivenabookbyTom.AbookwasgiventomebyTom.當(dāng)指“人”的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，指“物”的直接賓語保留不變；如果把指“物”的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則在間接語前加to或for直接賓語做主語間接賓語做主語口訣：如遇雙賓語，一般變間賓，若把直賓變，to/for間賓連。Isawaheavymanenterthehouse.主動句中感官動詞see/hear/watch/feel等和使役動詞make/let/have等后跟省略to的動詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應(yīng)加上不定式標(biāo)志to。感官動詞和使役動詞的被動語態(tài)口訣：感使動詞真叫怪，to來to去記心懷，主動語態(tài)to離去，被動語態(tài)to回來。Aheavymanwasseento

enterthehouse.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)3．含雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳涞姆椒?3)含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，要將其中的賓語變成

主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語不變。e.g.JimaskedTomtofinishtheworkatonce.Tomwasasked(byJim)tofinishtheworkatonce.(4)如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)

時要加上不定式符號to。

e.g.WeoftensawJohnplaybasketballintheplayground.

Johnwasoftenseentoplaybasketballintheplayground(byus).Momboughtmeanewcoat.GrammarFocus②當(dāng)指“人”的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，指“物”的直接賓語保留不變；如果把指“物”的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則在指“人”的間接語前加_______.to/for含有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)Anewcoatwasboughtforme.(直接接賓語作主語)間接賓語拓展Iwasboughtanewcoat.(間接賓語作主語)直接賓語Tomgavemeabookyesterday.IwasgivenabookbyTom.(間接賓語做主語)AbookwasgiventomebyTom.(直接賓語做主語)Let’schallenge:直接賓語間接賓語→Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbytheteacher.1.

Theteachergavethepupilssomeadvice.→Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebytheteacher.2.

Theteachertoldustoreadmore.省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)→Weweretoldtoreadmorebytheteacher.3.

Thebossmadethemwork12hoursaday.→Theyaremade

towork12hoursaday.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語舉一反三:show/give/offer/send/bring/lend/teach/buy舉一反三:tell/ask/help/advise/warn/allow/invite

舉一反三:make/have/watch/see/let/hear/feelRewritethesentencesusingthepassivevoice.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)e.g.Mygrandmatookgoodcareofmydog.→Mydogwastakengoodcareofbymygrandma.奶奶把我的狗照顧得很好。(其中介詞of不能漏掉)含有動詞短語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。注意Paper______first______about2,000yearsagoinChina.A．is;creating B．is;createdC．has;created D．was;created 可用語法判斷法解答本題。句意：在中國，紙大約在兩千年前首先被創(chuàng)造了出來。句中的ago是一般過去時的標(biāo)志，且紙和創(chuàng)造之間是被動關(guān)系。因此本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞。因此，正確答案是D。D

典例點撥一般過去時的被動語態(tài)肯定句主語+am/is/are+過去分詞（+by…)Eg.ThismealwasmadebyTom.否定句主語+am/is/are+not

+過去分詞

(+by…)

Eg.ThismealwasnotmadebyTom.疑問句Am/Is/Are+主語+過去分詞(+by…)?Eg.WasthismealmadebyTom?特殊疑問詞+am/is/are+主語+過去分詞（+by...)?Eg.WhatwasmadebyTom?一般過去時被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)was/werewas/wereWas/Werewas/were1.Hesawthegirlplaysoccereveryday.(改為被動語態(tài))→Thegirl

playsoccereveryday(byhim).2.Hisfriend

boughthimadictionary.(改為被動語態(tài))→He

adictionary(byhisfriend).(間接賓語做主語)→Adictionary

him(byhisfriend).(直接賓語做主語)4.Ourparentsadvisedusnottogooutalone.(改為被動語態(tài))→We

alone(byourparents).Let’stry:wasseentowasboughtwasboughtforwereadvisednottogooutRewritethesentencesusingthepassivevoice.1.Theysoldthefridgeatalowprice._______________________________________________________________2.Somebodystolemycamerafrommyhotelroom.________________________________________________________________3.Wheredidyoutakethesephotos?________________________________________________________________4.Ourparentsadvisedusnottogooutalone._________________________________________________________________5.Differentwriterstranslatedthebookintodifferentlanguages.___________________________________________________________________Thefridgewassoldatalowprice.4aPresentationWherewerethesephotostaken?Wewereadvisedbyourparentsnottogooutalone.Thebookwastranslatedintodifferentlanguagesbydifferentwriters.Mycamerawasstolenfrommyhotelroom.n.冰箱adj.低的eatlocklikeringinvitebreaktellbringYou_____________tothepartylastnight,weren’tyou?Whydidn’tyougo?2.Theearthquakehappenedallofasudden,butluckilythevillagers_____________toasafeplace.wereinvitedwerebrought3.Thedoor___________whenwearrived,so

we______thebell.4.Thestudents________nottoeatordrinkinclass.ButRuby_______therulewhenshestartedeatingabiscuitinscienceclass.5.Thecookies_________bythehungrykidsinlessthan20minutes,andtheyreally_____them.waslockedrangweretoldbrokewereeatenliked注意be動詞和時態(tài)4bCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.Decidewhetheractiveorpassiveformsshouldbeusedinthesesentences.Writethecorrectformsintheblanks.4cwasinventedwasbornworkedlearnedwasinventedisusedwassaidInventionshavechanged