UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND課前·基礎(chǔ)認(rèn)知課堂·重難突破悅讀?導(dǎo)入隨堂訓(xùn)練悅讀?導(dǎo)入文章導(dǎo)語:袁隆平是雜交水稻研究領(lǐng)域的開創(chuàng)者和帶頭人,一直致力于雜交水稻的研究,被稱為“雜交水稻之父”。讓我們一起來了解一下這位傳奇人物吧!RoadtoHybridRiceBorninapoorfarmer'sfamilyin1930andasagraduateofSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953,YuanLongpingbeganhisteachingcareeratanagriculturalschoolinAnjiang,HunanProvince.Hecameupwithanideaforhybridisingriceinthe1960s,whenaseriesofnaturaldisasterscausedChinatosufferaseverefamine1thatledtomanydeaths.Sincethen,hehadbeendevotinghimselftotheresearchanddevelopmentofabetterricebreed.In1964,Yuanhappenedtofindanaturalhybridriceplantthathadobviousadvantagesoverothers.Greatlyencouraged,hebegantostudytheelementsofthisparticulartype.In1973,incooperationwithothers,Yuanwasfinallyabletoestablishacompleteprocessofcreatingandreproducinghigh-yieldinghybridricespecies.Thenextyeartheysuccessfullycultivated2atypeofhybridricespecieswhichhadgreatadvantages.Ityielded20percentmoreperunitthanthatofcommonones,puttingChinaintheleadworldwideinriceproduction.Forthisachievement,Yuanwascalledthe“fatherofhybridrice”.In1979,Yuan'stechniqueforhybridricewasintroducedintotheUnitedStates,thefirstcaseofintellectualpropertyrights3

transferinthehistoryofChina.詞海拾貝1.famine/?f?mIn/n.饑荒2.cultivate/?k?ltIveIt/vt.種植;培育3.intellectualpropertyrights知識產(chǎn)權(quán)4.transfer/tr?ns?f??(r)/vt.使轉(zhuǎn)移美文凝萃1.WhywasYuanLongpingcalledthe“fatherofhybridrice”?

D

A.Becausehedevotedhimselftocultivatinghybridrice.B.BecausehegraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollege.C.BecausehistechniqueforhybridricewasintroducedintotheUnitedStates.D.Becauseheandhisteamcultivatedatypeofhybridricespecieswithgreatadvantages.2.HowoldwasYuanwhenhistechniqueforhybridricewasintroducedintotheUnitedStates?49

(years

old).

SectionⅠ

ReadingandThinking課前·基礎(chǔ)認(rèn)知詞匯認(rèn)知重點單詞1.

tackle

vt.解決(難題);應(yīng)付(局面);處理

2.

crisis

n.(pl.crises)危機;危急關(guān)頭

3.

boost

vt.使增長;使興旺n.增長;提高;激勵

4.yield

n.

產(chǎn)量;產(chǎn)出

vt.出產(chǎn)(作物);產(chǎn)生(收益、效益等)

vi.屈服;讓步

5.

characteristic

n.特征;特點;品質(zhì)adj.典型的;獨特的

6.

attain

vt.(通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得;得到

7.

intense

adj.熱切的;十分強烈的;激烈的

8.

overcome

vt.克服;解決;戰(zhàn)勝

9.

expand

vt.&

vi.擴大;增加vt.擴展;發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))

10.

output

n.產(chǎn)量;輸出;輸出量vt.輸出

11.

estimate

vt.估計;估價;估算n.估計;估算

12.

domestic

adj.本國的;國內(nèi)的;家用的;家庭的

13.

comprise

vt.包括;包含;由……組成

14.

generate

vt.產(chǎn)生;引起

15.

leisure

n.閑暇;休閑;空閑

16.

soil

n.泥土;土壤;國土;領(lǐng)土

17.

celebrity

n.名望;名譽;名人;名流

18.

grain

n.谷物;谷粒;顆粒

19.

vision

n.想象;視力;視野;影像

詞匯拓展1.devotevt.把……獻(給);把……專用于;專心于→

devotion

n.奉獻;忠誠;關(guān)愛→

devoted

adj.摯愛的;忠誠的;全心全意的

2.shortagen.不足;缺少;短缺→

short

adj.短的;短缺的

3.convincevt.使相信;使確信;說服→

convincing

adj.令人信服的;有說服力的→

convinced

adj.堅信;深信;確信;堅信不疑的

4.conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的;習(xí)慣的→

convention

n.習(xí)俗;常規(guī);大會;集會

5.assumptionn.假定;設(shè)定;(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān);(權(quán)力的)獲得→

assume

v.假定;承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)

6.consumptionn.消耗;消耗量;消費→

consumer

n.消費者→

consume

vt.耗費;消耗

7.realityn.現(xiàn)實;實際情況;事實→

real

adj.真的;真正的→

really

adv.確實;的確

8.saltyadj.含鹽的;咸的→

salt

n.鹽;食鹽

重點短語1.devote...

to

把……獻(給);把……專用于;專心于

2.becomprised

of

包括;包含;由……組成(或構(gòu)成)

3.deep

down

在內(nèi)心深處;本質(zhì)上;實際上

4.open

up

(使某事物)成為可能;可得到;可達到

5.

at

heart內(nèi)心里;本質(zhì)上

6.dream

up

憑空想出;虛構(gòu)出(尤指荒誕不經(jīng)的事)

閱讀自測Step1

FastReading一、快速瀏覽課文,將段落與其主旨大意相匹配Para.1:

A.Yuanconductedresearchanddeveloped hybridrice.

Para.2:

B.Yuanworkedhardtofulfilhisdreams.Para.3:

C.Yuanconsideredhimselfafarmer.Para.4:

D.Yuandecidedtostudyagriculture.Para.5:

E.Yuan'sinnovationhashelpedtofeed

morepeople.Para.6:

F.Yuancaredlittleforfameorwealth.答案:Para.1:C

Para.2:D

Para.3:A

Para.4:EPara.5:F

Para.6:BStep2

DetailedReading二、仔細(xì)閱讀課文,選擇最佳答案1.WhydidYuandecidetostudyagriculture?

B

A.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinagriculture.B.Hewantedtodealwiththecrisisofshortageoffood.C.Hewantedtobethe“fatherofhybridrice”.D.Hewasinterestedinagriculture.2.What'sthemainadvantageofhybridcrops?

A

A.Theycangetahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.B.Manyfamousscientistsareinterestedinthem.C.TheyarecreatedbyYuanLongping.D.Theyareself-pollinatingplants.3.HowhasYuan'sworkhelpedChinaandothercountries?

C

A.Ithelpedfarmersstudyrice.B.Ithelpedfarmersathomeandabroadstudyagriculture.C.Ithelpedfarmersproducemorericetofeedtheworld.D.Ithelpedfarmersmakealotofmoney.課堂·重難突破詞匯精講1.【教材原文】Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevotedhislife.(page50)確實,他瘦削但結(jié)實的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻了一生的千千萬萬的中國農(nóng)民一樣。考點devotevt.把……獻(給);把……專用于;專心于

devote

one's

life/time/energy

to(doing)

sth

把某人的生命/時間/精力投入到(做)某事devote

oneself

to

獻身于;專心致力于devoted

adj.全心全意的;忠誠的be

devoted

to

獻身于;專心于devotion

n.奉獻;關(guān)愛語境領(lǐng)悟(1)Neighboursdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildtheirhomes.鄰居們把他們的業(yè)余時間投入到幫助他人重建家園。(2)HeissodevotedtohisEnglishteachingthatIadmirehimforhisdevotion.他是如此致力于他的英語教學(xué),以至于我對他的奉獻感到敬佩。(3)Herdevotiontothejobleftherwithverylittletime.她全身心投入工作,幾乎沒有閑暇。溫馨提示上述所有短語中,to均為介詞,后面跟名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式做賓語。學(xué)以致用單句語法填空(1)Their

devotion

(devote)totheirchildrenwasbeyondwords.

(2)Hehasdevotedhimselfto

fighting

(fight)forracialquality.

(3)AfterIgraduatedfromcollege,Icontinuedtodevote

myself

(I)toscientificresearch.

一句多譯他獻身于保護野生動物。(4)Hewas

devoted

to

protectingthewildanimals.

(5)Hedevoted

himself

to

protectingthewildanimals.

2.【教材原文】However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.(page50)然而,他最關(guān)心的是農(nóng)民經(jīng)常糧食歉收,有時甚至出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的食物短缺。考點shortagen.不足;缺少;短缺

short

adj.短的;不足的;矮的be

short

for

是……的簡稱be

short

of

缺乏;不足shortly

adv.立刻;馬上;不久語境領(lǐng)悟(1)Theshortageofoilwillprobablydrivepricesup.石油短缺很有可能迫使價格上漲。(2)Asamatteroffact,theword“blog”isshortfor“weblog”.事實上,“blog”這個單詞是“weblog”的簡稱。(3)Hereturnedtoworkshortlyafterhisoperation.手術(shù)后不久他就回去上班了。學(xué)以致用單句語法填空(1)CallmeJo—it'sshort

for

Joanna.

(2)Heisshort

of

money,andcan'taffordanewcartoreplacehisoldone.

(3)Thereisapossibilityofseverewater

shortages

(short)intheforeseeablefuture.

(4)

Shortly

(short)afterheleftthebusstation,cameabus.

3.【教材原文】Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.(page50)而是農(nóng)民需要提高他們已有土地上農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量。考點yieldn.產(chǎn)量;產(chǎn)出vt.出產(chǎn)(作物);產(chǎn)生(收益、效益等)

vi.屈服;讓步y(tǒng)ield

to

sb/(doing)

sth

屈服于某人/做某事yield

sth/sb

up

(to

sb)放棄語境領(lǐng)悟(1)Thisyear'syieldofwheatishigherthanpreviousyears.今年小麥產(chǎn)量高于往年。(2)Lastyear400,000acresoflandyieldedacropworth$1.75billion.去年40萬英畝的土地農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)值達17.5億美元。(3)We'vealreadymadeitclearthatwewillnotyieldtopressure.我們已經(jīng)表明我們不會屈服于壓力。學(xué)以致用單句語法填空(1)It'spolitetoyield

up

yourseattoanoldladyonthebus.

(2)Hewillsoonbeforcedtoyield

to

hismoreexperiencedopponent.

完成句子(3)我經(jīng)不住誘惑,吃了一大塊巧克力。I

yielded

to

temptationandhadachocolatebar.

4.【教材原文】Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.(page50)袁隆平確信答案可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到。考點convincevt.使相信;使確信;說服

convince

sb

of

sth

使某人信服某事convince

sb

that...使某人確信……convince

sb

to

do

sth

說服/勸說某人做某事convinced

adj.確信的;深信的be

convinced

of

sth

堅信……;確信某事be

convinced

that...堅信……;確信……convincing

adj.令人信服的;有說服力的語境領(lǐng)悟(1)Hetriedtoconvinceusoftherealityofthedanger.他試圖使我們相信危險的真實性。(2)Heconvincedeverybodythathehadn'tliedtohisfather.他使所有人都相信他沒有向他的父親撒謊。(3)Weconvincedmymothertogobytrainratherthanplane.我們說服了我的母親乘火車而不乘飛機去。溫馨提示

convinced表示“感到信服的”,通常表示人的狀態(tài);而convincing表示“令人信服的”,通常表示物的屬性。學(xué)以致用單句語法填空(1)Ithinkyouwillhelpmeconvincemyparents

to

leave

(leave).

(2)Hemanagedtoconvincethestudents

of

theneedforwiderreading.

(3)Samnoddedbuthedidn'tlook

convinced

(convince).(4)Itissaidthatthereisno

convincing

(convince)evidencethatpowerlineshaveanythingtodowithcancer.

5.【教材原文】Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(page50)雜交作物的一個特點就是它們通常能獲得比傳統(tǒng)作物更高的產(chǎn)量。考點attainvt.(通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得;得到attainable

adj.可達到的;可獲得的attainment

n.成就;造詣?wù)Z境領(lǐng)悟(1)Mostofourstudentsattainedfive“A”gradesintheexams.我們多數(shù)學(xué)生的考試成績是五個“A”。(2)Peoplehavedifferentviewsabouthowtoattainthegoal.人們對于如何達到這個目標(biāo)有不同的看法。(3)Thisstandardiseasilyattainablebymoststudents.這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大多數(shù)學(xué)生都容易達到。學(xué)以致用單句語法填空(1)Wehopethisobjectivewillbe

attained

(attain).

(2)Keepgoalssmallsotheyaremoreeasily

attainable

(attain).

(3)The

attainment

(attain)ofhisambitionswasstilladream.

6.【教材原文】Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(page50)當(dāng)時普遍認(rèn)為這是不可能實現(xiàn)的。考點assumptionn.假定;設(shè)定;(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān);(權(quán)力的)獲得make

assumptions

about...對……臆斷assume

vt.假設(shè),認(rèn)為assume...to

be...認(rèn)為……是……It

is

assumed

that...一般認(rèn)為……assuming

(that)...假設(shè)/假定……語境領(lǐng)悟(1)Histheorywasbasedonaseriesofwrongassumptions.他的理論是以一系列錯誤的設(shè)想為依據(jù)的。(2)Iassumehertobetheclevereststudentinthisclass.我認(rèn)為她是這個班最聰明的學(xué)生。(3)ItmaybesafelyassumedthatthereisnolifeonMars.可以有把握地認(rèn)為火星上沒有生命。單句語法填空(1)

Assuming

(assume)thatitistrue,whatshouldtheydonow?

(2)Itis

assumed

(assume)thattheywillbebackatnoon.

(3)Iassumehim

to

be

(be)thefirstboytoclimbtothetopofthemountain.

(4)Weareworkingonthe

assumption

(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.

7.【教材原文】Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.(page51)他后來的“海水稻”愿景也成為現(xiàn)實,有望在中國開辟近100萬平方千米的鹽堿地用于水稻生產(chǎn)。考點realityn.現(xiàn)實;實際情況;事實

in

reality

事實上o

reality

把……變成現(xiàn)實really

adv.真實地;事實上realise

vt.意識到;實現(xiàn)語境領(lǐng)悟(1)AsitbecameclearerthatfashionwaswhatIwantedtodofulltime,therealityofmyday-to-dayworkattheinsurancecompanybecameharder.(2021·天津,閱讀表達)隨著時尚是我全職想要做的事情變得越來越清楚,我在保險公司的日常工作變得更加困難。(2)Wethoughthewasjokingbutinrealityhewasserious.我們以為他是在開玩笑,但實際上他是認(rèn)真的。(3)Ifyouworkhardwithastrongwill,yourdreamwillcertainlyberealised.只要堅定決心,努力工作,你的夢想一定會實現(xiàn)的。學(xué)以致用單句語法填空(1)Shegivestheimpressionofbeinggenerous,butin

reality

(real)sheisaveryselfishgirl.

(2)Ididn't

realise

(real)thatyouwerenothappy.

(3)Iam

really

(real)proudofthisexperience,becauseithelpsmerealisethatwecanfulfilourpotential.

句型剖析1.【教材原文】However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.(page50)然而,他最關(guān)心的是農(nóng)民經(jīng)常糧食歉收,有時甚至出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的食物短缺。句法分析句中whatconcernedhimmost為主語從句,what在從句中做主語;that引導(dǎo)表語從句,that僅為引導(dǎo)詞,在從句中不做成分,也沒有任何意義。that和what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接作用,在從句中不做任何成分,無意義,在賓語從句中通常省略,但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略;what除引導(dǎo)從句外,what本身在從句中可做主語、賓語或表語,意為“……的(東西)”,在含義上相當(dāng)于“名詞+that”。語境領(lǐng)悟(1)Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthethingirlshouldhavewonthreegoldmedals.最讓我驚奇的是這個瘦弱的女孩竟然獲得了三枚金牌。(2)Showmewhatyouhavebought.把你買的東西給我看看。(3)Mysuggestionisthatifitrainstomorrowwehadbettergotothelibrary.我的建議是,如果明天下雨,我們最好去圖書館。學(xué)以致用選詞填空(what/that)(1)Thetruthis

that

Ididn'tgothere.

(2)Thisis

what

shewantedtoshowus.

(3)

That

sheisarichwomanisknowntous.

2.【教材原文】Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.(pages50-51)據(jù)估算,現(xiàn)在中國國內(nèi)消費的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物,這些品種讓中國農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸稻米。句法分析這個句子的真正主語是從句thatabout60percent...peryear。因為真正的主語太長,為了避免句子頭重腳輕,所以用形式主語it,構(gòu)成“It+be+過去分詞+that”句式。英語中還有許多類似的結(jié)構(gòu),如:Itissaid/believed/reportedthat...;有時,該句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“Sb/Sth+besaid/believed/reported+todo”或“Peoplesay/believe/report...that...”的形式。語境領(lǐng)悟(1)Itisestimatedthatthemeetingwilllastfourdays.這次會議預(yù)計要持續(xù)4天。(2)Thebuildingisestimatedtobecompletedintenmonths.預(yù)計大樓十個月可以完工。(3)Peopleestimatethatthedamagewasoveronemilliondollars.人們估計,損失超過了一百萬美元。學(xué)以致用完成句子(1)據(jù)報道,科學(xué)家們正在努力發(fā)明治療癌癥的新藥。

It

is

reported

thatthescientistsaretryingtoinventanewmedicineforcuringcancer.

(2)人們希望這種可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。

It

is

hoped

thattheterriblediseasewillsoonbecontrolled.

(3)據(jù)估計,目前世界上有十億人在饑餓中掙扎。Onebillionpeople

are

estimated

to

sufferfromhungerintheworld.

3.【教材原文】GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.(page51)鑒于袁隆平開發(fā)雜交水稻而變得相當(dāng)富有,有人會認(rèn)為他會退休享受悠閑的生活。句法分析“giventhat”在句中作連詞,意思是“考慮到”,相當(dāng)于consideringthat或whenyouconsider。given可用作介詞,表示“只要是;考慮到;假定;已知”等意思,后面可以直接加名詞,相當(dāng)于considering。語境領(lǐng)悟(1)Givenhisage,heisverystrongandhealthy.考慮到他的年齡,他已經(jīng)非常強健了。(2)Giventhatthestudentsneedmoreexercise,theheadteacherhasdecidedtoaddmorePEclasses.考慮到學(xué)生們需要更多的鍛煉,校長已決定增加更多體育課。學(xué)以致用完成句子(1)我通常花錢是很明智的。考慮到自己掙得不多,我必須這樣做。Usually,Iamsensiblewithmoney,asIhavetobe,

given/considering

that

Idon'tearnthatmuch.

句型轉(zhuǎn)換(2)Whenyouconsiderthequality,itisworththeprice.→

Considering/Given

thequality,itisworththeprice.

(3)Consideringhowoldheis,Tomisremarkablyactive.→

Given

hisage,Tomisremarkablyactive.

隨堂訓(xùn)練一、單詞拼寫1.Isuggestyoutaketheformsawayandreadthematyour

leisure

(閑暇).

2.Schoolsinsomemountainousareasstillsufferfroma

shortage

(缺少)ofteachers.

3.Wehaveraisedthecoal

output

(產(chǎn)量)byusingbetterminingmethods.

4.Thecountrysufferedhugelossesinthefinancial

crisis

(危機).

5.Hetriedtoremindustothinkabouthowthey

overcame

(克服)stressandchallengesinthepast.

6.Myworkisso

intense

(緊張的)thatIevenhavenotimetotakearest.

7.Outputconsistsofbothexportsandsalesonthe

domestic

(國內(nèi)的)market.

8.Whathesaid

convinced

(說服)methatIwasmistaken.9.Thisstructurehas