目錄

2013年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解

2012年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解

2011年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解【聽(tīng)力音頻】

2010年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解

2009年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解

2008年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解

2007年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解【聽(tīng)力音頻】

2006年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解【聽(tīng)力音頻】

2005年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解

2004年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解【聽(tīng)力音頻】

2003年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解【聽(tīng)力音頻】

2013年北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解

PartOne:ListeningComprehension

(略)

PartTwo:StructureandWrittenExpression(15%)

Directions:Foreachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgiven

willmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.

MarkyourchoicesontheANSWERSHEET.

11.PrinceCharles,thelongest-waiting______tothethroneinBritish

history,hasspokenofhis‘impatience’togetthingsdone.

A.heir

B.heirship

C.heritage

D.heiress

【答案】A

【解析】句意：英國(guó)史上等待繼位時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的王位繼承人查爾斯王

子近日談到他已經(jīng)“等不起”了。heir繼承人；后嗣。heirship繼承權(quán)，繼

承人的地位。heritage遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)；繼承物。heiress女繼承人。

12.LovewasintheairinaTokyoparkasnormallystaidJapanese

husbandsgatheredtoscreamouttheirfeelingsfortheirwives,promising

______andextratighthugs.

A.attitude

B.multitude

C.gratitude

D.latitude

【答案】C

【解析】句意：東京一座公園的上空涌動(dòng)著綿綿愛(ài)意，因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)成

熟穩(wěn)重的日本丈夫聚集到一起，對(duì)妻子大聲喊出了心里的愛(ài)意，表達(dá)感

激，還紛紛獻(xiàn)上擁抱。gratitude感謝（的心情）；感激。multitude群

眾；多數(shù)。latitude緯度；界限；活動(dòng)范圍。

13.Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,

newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa_____infemalebreadwinners.

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】B

【解析】句意：新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，隨著養(yǎng)家女性的增多，去年居家父親

的數(shù)量又創(chuàng)新高。因此該空應(yīng)填入有“增加”之意的increase。

14.Themarketfordustmasksandairpurifiersis_____inBeijing

becausethecapitalhasbeenshroudedforseveraldaysinthickfogandhaze.

A.booming

B.looming

C.dooming

D.zooming

【答案】A

【解析】句意：近幾日北京持續(xù)被濃重霧霾籠罩，市場(chǎng)上防塵口罩

和空氣凈化器的銷量劇增。boom快速發(fā)展，繁榮。loom可怕地出現(xiàn)；

朦朧地出現(xiàn)。doom注定；判定；宣判。zoom急速上升；攝象機(jī)移動(dòng)。

15.Traditionalfairytalesarebeingditchedbyparentsbecausetheyare

too_____fortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.

A.scare

B.scary

C.seared

D.scarred

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，父母?jìng)冮_(kāi)始摒棄傳統(tǒng)的童話故事，

因?yàn)樗鼈儗?duì)年幼的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)太嚇人。scary可怕的；恐怖的；嚇人的。

scare主要作名詞和動(dòng)詞，作形容詞時(shí)意為“駭人的”。seared為sear的過(guò)去

式和過(guò)去分詞形式，意為“燒焦”。scarred傷痕累累，有疤痕的。

16.Ithasbeenrevealedthatnearlyoneinfivedegreecourseshasbeen

_____sincethetriplingoftuitionfeesto9,000ayear.

A.scratched

B.scraped

C.scrabbled

D.scrapped

【答案】D

【解析】句意：據(jù)透露，自從學(xué)費(fèi)上漲到原來(lái)的三倍，達(dá)到一年

9000英鎊，已有近五分之一的學(xué)位課程被削減掉。scrap意為“廢棄；取

消；拋棄”，其過(guò)去分詞形式為scrapped，因此正確答案為D項(xiàng)。scratch

抓；刮；亂涂。scrabble在…上亂涂；在…上亂扒。

17.MicrosoftfounderBillGateshas_____aboutbeingaparent,stating

that13isanappropriateageforachild’sfirstcellphone.

A.openedup

B.takenup

C.putup

D.heldup

【答案】A

【解析】句意：微軟公司創(chuàng)始人比爾?蓋茨近日坦露了他的為父之

道，他認(rèn)為13歲是孩子擁有第一部手機(jī)的合適年齡。openup有“暢談；

無(wú)拘無(wú)束地談；自由自在地談”之意，符合句意。takeup拿起；開(kāi)始從

事；占據(jù)(時(shí)間，地方)。putup提供；建造；舉起。holdup舉起；阻

擋；攔截。

18.Salesofmushroomshavehitanall-timehighasBritonsincreasingly

turntothecheap,and_____foodstufffortheircooking.

A.versatile

B.multiple

C.manifold

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】句意：因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多的英國(guó)人轉(zhuǎn)而選擇這種廉價(jià)、多用途

的食材來(lái)做菜，蘑菇銷量創(chuàng)下了歷史新高。versatile有多種用途的；多

功能的。multiple多重的；多樣的；許多的。manifold多方面的；各式各

樣的。

19.‘GangnamStyle’,the_____popularsongfromSouthKorean

recordingartistPSYhasjustbecomethemostwatchedvideoonYouTube

ever.

A.sanely

B.insanely

C.rationally

D.insatiably

【答案】B

【解析】句意：“江南Style”，韓國(guó)唱片藝人樸載相的這首瘋狂流行

的歌曲MV已成為YouTube史上觀看最多的視頻。insanely瘋狂地；狂暴

地；精神錯(cuò)亂地。sanely穩(wěn)健地；心智健全地；理智地。rationally理性

地；講道理地。insatiably貪得無(wú)厭地；無(wú)法滿足地。

20.The_____BritishtheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkingoncesaid

inaninterviewthatheavenisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark.

A.imposing

B.lofty

C.prominent

D.eminent

【答案】D

【解析】句意：英國(guó)著名理論物理學(xué)家史蒂芬?霍金曾在一次采訪中

稱天堂是為害怕黑暗的人編造的童話。eminent和prominent都有“杰出

的”之意，但其區(qū)別在于eminent是建立在技巧、學(xué)識(shí)和公眾認(rèn)可度的基

礎(chǔ)上，而prominent則是強(qiáng)調(diào)“出名”和“地位很重要”，因此本句中eminent

更合適。imposing壯觀的；威風(fēng)的；給人深刻印象的。lofty高的；崇高

的；高傲的。因此答案選D。

21.Somemightconsideritanuglytruththatattractivepeopleareoften

moresuccessfulthanthose_____blessedwithlooks.

A.less

B.more

C.most

D.least

【答案】A

【解析】句意：長(zhǎng)相漂亮的人通常比相貌平平的人更成功，這也許

在某些人看來(lái)是丑陋的事實(shí)。beblessedwith指“在…方面有福氣，幸運(yùn)

地享有”，根據(jù)句意可知，空格處指的是相對(duì)于長(zhǎng)得漂亮的人而言相貌

平凡的人，因此應(yīng)填入less。

22._____theythinkitwillcometoanendthroughthehandsofGod,or

anaturaldisasterorapoliticalevent,whateverthereason,nearly15percent

ofpeopleworldwidethinktheendoftheworldiscoming,accordingtoanew

poll.

A.Either

B.Whether

C.Neither

D.If

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一項(xiàng)民意檢測(cè)顯示：不管是認(rèn)為世界會(huì)在上帝手里

終結(jié)，還是認(rèn)為世界將因自然災(zāi)害或政治事件毀滅，無(wú)論何種原因，全

球有七分之一的人認(rèn)為世界末日即將來(lái)臨。whether和either均可與or搭

配，whether…or…指“不管是…還是…”。either…or…表示兩者之間的選

擇，指“不是…便是…；要么…要么…”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)該選

whether。

23.TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms‘Miss’and‘Mrs’

_____theyoffendfemalemember.

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】句意：歐洲議會(huì)禁止使用“Miss（小姐）”和“Mrs（夫

人）”稱呼女性，以免冒犯女性議員。incase免得；以防。

24.Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,

passengerscanbarelybreathe,_____moveaboutfreely.

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】句意：車廂內(nèi)擠得像沙丁魚(yú)罐頭一樣，汗臭和幽閉的車廂

讓人幾乎無(wú)法呼吸，更不用說(shuō)自如走動(dòng)了。letalone更不必說(shuō)；聽(tīng)任；

不打擾。

25.Japanisoneofonlythreecountriesthatnowhuntwhalesand_____

thegovernmentsaysitisanimportantculturaltradition.

A.that

B.which

C.whose

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】句意：日本是目前全球僅有的還在捕鯨的三個(gè)國(guó)家之一，

而且日本政府表示捕鯨是該國(guó)重要的文化傳統(tǒng)。該空及之后內(nèi)容作定語(yǔ)

成分修飾oneofonlythreecountries，由于thegovernmentsaysitisan

importantculturaltradition句子成分完整，因此該空應(yīng)填入關(guān)系副詞

where表示地點(diǎn)。

PartThree:ClozeTest(15%)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyanddecidethebest

choiceforeachnumberedblank.MarkyourchoicesontheANSWER

SHEET.

Ironically,theintellectualtoolscurrentlybeingusedbythepolitical

righttosuchharmfuleffectoriginatedontheleft.Inthe1960sand1970sa

philosophicalmovementcalledpostmodernismdeveloped,amonghumanities

professors(26)_____beingdeposedbyscience,whichtheyregardedas

right-leaning.Postmodernism(27)_____ideasfromculturalanthropology

andrelativitytheorytoarguethattruthis(28)_____andsubjecttothe

assumptionandprejudicesofobserver.Scienceisjustoneofmanywaysof

knowing,theyargued,neithermorenorless_____(29)thanothers,like

thoseofAborigines,NativeAmericansorwomen.(30)_____theydefined

scienceasthewayofknowingamongWesternwhitemenandatoolof

cultural(31)_____.Thisargument(32)_____withmanyfeministsandcivil-

rightsactivistsandbecamewidelyadopted,leadingtothe“political

correctness”justifiably(33)_____byRushLimbaughandthe“mental

masturbation”lampoonedbyWoodyAllen.

Acceptanceofthisrelativisticworldview(34)_____democracyand

leadsnottotolerancebuttoauthoritarianism.JohnLocke,oneofJefferson’s

"trinityofthreegreatestmen,"showed(35)_____almostthreecenturiesago.

LockewatchedthearguingfactionsofProtestantism,eachclaimingtobethe

onetruereligion,andasked:Howdoweknowsomethingtobetrue?Whatis

thebasisofknowledge?In1689he(36)_____whatknowledgeisandhowit

isgroundedinobservationsofthephysicalworldinAnEssayConcerning

HumanUnderstanding.Anyclaimthatfailsthistestis"butfaith,oropinion,

butnotknowledge."Itwasthisideathattheworldisknowableandthat

objective,empiricalknowledgeisthemost(37)_____basisforpublicpolicy

—thatstoodasJefferson’sfoundationalargumentfordemocracy.

Byfalsely(38)_____knowledgewithopinion,postmodernistsand

antiscienceconservativealikecollapseourthinkingbacktoapre-

Enlightenmentera,leavingnocommonbasisforpublicpolicy.Public

discourseis(39)_____toendlesswarringopinions,noneseenasmorevalid

thananother.Policyisdeterminedbytheloudestvoices,reducingustoa

worldinwhichmight(40)_____right—theclassicdefinitionof

authoritarianism.

26.A.satisfiedwithB.angrywithC.displeasedatD.

proudof

27.A.discountedB.doubtedC.adoptedD.shared

28.A.objectiveB.subjectiveC.culturalD.relative

29.A.variableB.validC.valuableD.various

30.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Furthermore

31.A.assimilationB.inhibitionC.representationD.oppression

32.A.resonatedB.agreedC.appealedD.responded

33.A.likedB.approvedC.verifiedD.hated

34.A.offsetsB.producesC.underminesD.strengthens

35.A.whenB.whatC.whyD.which

36.A.foundB.definedC.dictatedD.claimed

37.A.practicalB.equalC.usefulD.equitable

38.A.identifyingB.equippingC.equatingD.confusing

39.A.deducedB.introduceC.conducedD.reduced

40.A.decidesB.causesC.makesD.creates

【答案與解析】

26.C根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指“后現(xiàn)代主義運(yùn)動(dòng)是在不滿于…的人

文學(xué)科教授之間所興起的”。bedispleasedat對(duì)…感到不快，對(duì)…生氣。

27.C此處指“后現(xiàn)代主義采納了文化人類學(xué)和相對(duì)論的思想”。

adopt采取，采納。

28.D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“后現(xiàn)代主義認(rèn)為真理是相對(duì)的，會(huì)被

觀察者自身的假設(shè)和偏見(jiàn)所影響”，因此答案選D。

29.B本句指“后現(xiàn)代主義者認(rèn)為科學(xué)只是眾多認(rèn)知方式中的一種，

并不比其他方式更加合理或更加不合理”。valid有根據(jù)的，正當(dāng)?shù)模?/p>

理的。

30.D本句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了后現(xiàn)代主義者的觀點(diǎn)“而且，他們把科學(xué)定

義為西方白人的認(rèn)知方式和一種文化壓迫工具”。因此本題選D項(xiàng)。

31.D根據(jù)上題解析，可知本題應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)的oppression（壓迫；壓

制）。assimilation同化；吸收。inhibition抑制；壓抑；禁止。

32.A本句指：該論述引起了眾多女權(quán)主義者和民權(quán)人士的共鳴，

從而得到廣泛采用。resonatewith有特殊意義，引起共鳴。

33.D根據(jù)該空后and所連接后半部分提到的lampoon（諷刺），可

知此處應(yīng)填入與之表達(dá)含義相近的詞，因此只有D項(xiàng)hated符合。

34.C該句and后指出“接受這種相對(duì)的世界觀不會(huì)導(dǎo)致忍耐，而是

獨(dú)裁”，由此可推斷該句講述的是接受這種相對(duì)世界觀的消極影響，因

此該空應(yīng)指的是“損害民主體制”。undermine破壞；侵蝕…的基礎(chǔ)；暗中

破壞。offset抵消；補(bǔ)償。

35.C根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指：幾乎300年前，JohnLocke就表明

了原因（即為何接受這種相對(duì)的世界觀會(huì)損害民主，導(dǎo)致獨(dú)裁）。

36.B根據(jù)上文提到的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題“我們何以確定某些事是真實(shí)的？知

識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)又是什么？”，可推測(cè)此處指JohnLocke在AnEssayConcerning

HumanUnderstanding這篇文章中對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行了定義。因此defined符合上

下文。

37.D此處指：該觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為基于客觀事實(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的知識(shí)是制定國(guó)家

政策的最公正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。equitable公平的，公正的；平衡法的。

38.C根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指“通過(guò)錯(cuò)誤地將知識(shí)與觀點(diǎn)等同起

來(lái)，后現(xiàn)代主義者和科學(xué)無(wú)用論者使我們的思想又回到啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)之前的

水平”。equate使相等；視為平等。

39.D該句指“公開(kāi)論述淪為無(wú)盡的觀點(diǎn)沖突…”。bereducedto為慣

用搭配，意為“轉(zhuǎn)化為；淪為；減少到”。

40.CMightmakesright強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理。

PartFour:ReadingComprehension(20)

Directions:Eachofthefollowingfourpassagesisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements,fouranswersaregiven.Readthepassage

carefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Markchoiceonthe

ANSWERSHEET.

PassageOne

AconsiderablepartofFacebookappealstemsfromitsmiraculous

fusionofdistancewithintimacy,orillusionofdistancewiththeillusionof

intimacy.Ouronlinecommunitiesbecomeenginesofself-image,andself-

imagebecomestheengineofcommunity.TherealdangerwithFacebookis

notthatitallowsustoisolateourselves,butthatbymixingourappetitefor

isolationwithourvanity,itthreatenstoaltertheverynatureofsolitude.The

newisolationisnotofthekindthatAmericansonceidealized,the

lonesomenessoftheproudlynonconformist,independent-minded,solitary

stoic,orthatoftheastronautwhoblastsintonewworlds.Facebook’s

isolationisagrind.What’strulystaggeringaboutFacebookusageisnotits

volume—750millionphotographsuploadedoverasingleweekend—butthe

constancyoftheperformanceitdemands.Morethanhalfitsusers—andone

ofevery13peopleonEarthisaFacebookuser—logoneveryday.Among

18-to-34-year-olds,nearlyhalfcheckFacebookminutesafterwakingup,and

28percentdosobeforegettingoutofbed.Therelentlessnessiswhatisso

new,sopotentiallytransformative.Facebooknevertakesabreak.Wenever

takeabreak.Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-

presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning,beforeweevenpoura

cupofcoffee.

Nostalgiaforthegoodolddaysofdisconnectionwouldnotjustbe

pointless,itwouldbehypocriticalandungrateful.Buttheverymagicofthe

newmachines,theefficiencyandelegancewithwhichtheyserveus,

obscureswhatisn’tbeingserved:everythingthatmatters.WhatFacebookhas

revealedabouthumannature—andthisisnotaminorrevelation—isthata

connectionisnotthesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotal

connectionisnosalvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldoramore

liberatedversionofhumanity.Solitudeusedtobegoodforself-reflectionand

self-reinvention.Butnowwearelefttalkingaboutwhoweareallthetime,

withouteverreallythinkingaboutwhoweare.Facebookdeniesusapleasure

whoseprofunditywehadunderestimated:thechancetoforgetabout

ourselvesforawhile,thechancetodisconnect.

41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthepowerofFacebook

canbeinferredfrompassage?

A.Itcreatestheisolationpeoplewant.

B.Itdeliversamorefriendlyworld.

C.Itproducesintimacypeoplelackintherealworld.

D.Itenablesustobesocialwhileavoidingthemessofhuman

interaction.

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheundersideofFacebook

issupportedbyinformationcontainedinthispassage?

A.Itimprisonspeopleinthebusinessofself-presentation.

B.Itcausessocialdisintegration.

C.Itmakespeoplevainer.

D.Itmakespeoplelonelier.

43.Whichofthefollowingbeststate“thenewisolation”mentionedby

theauthor?

A.Itisfullofthespiritofadventure.

B.Itistheextensionofindividualism.

C.Ithasatouchofnarcissism.

D.Itevolvesfromtheappetiteforindependence.

44.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothecategoryof“somethingthat

matters”accordingtopassage?

A.Constantconnection

B.Instantcommunication

C.Smoothsociability

D.Ahumanbond

45.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutFacebookdoestheauthor

wantustodraw?

A.Itcreatesfriendship.

B.Itdeniesusthepleasureofsocializing.

C.Itopensanewworldforus.

D.Itdrawsusintoaparadox.

【答案與解析】

41.A文章首句指出“AconsiderablepartofFacebookappealstems

fromitsmiraculousfusionofdistancewithintimacy,orillusionofdistance

withtheillusionofintimacy”，可知Facebook之所以有如此大的魅力，原

因之一就是其將距離和親密，或者說(shuō)距離的錯(cuò)覺(jué)和親密的錯(cuò)覺(jué)結(jié)合在了

一起。換句話說(shuō)就是，F(xiàn)acebook使人們可以進(jìn)行社交，但與此同時(shí)避免

不必要的人際互動(dòng)。因此D項(xiàng)可從文中推斷出來(lái)。

42.A文章第一段最后一句指出“Humanbeingshavealwayscreated

elaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning,

beforeweevenpouracupofcoffee”，可知雖然人類一直在想法設(shè)法進(jìn)行

自我表現(xiàn)，但卻沒(méi)有像如今有Facebook了之后，時(shí)時(shí)刻刻想著展示自

我。因此A項(xiàng)（Facebook將人們禁錮在自我表現(xiàn)的牢籠之中）符合文章

內(nèi)容。

43.C“thenewisolation”出現(xiàn)在第一段第四句，該句指出這種新的孤

立不同于美國(guó)人曾經(jīng)理想化的孤立，前一句提到“Therealdangerwith

Facebookisnotthat…butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithour

vanity…”，由vanity（虛榮心，浮華）可知這種由Facebook而生的新的

孤立帶有一點(diǎn)自戀的意味。因此答案選C。narcissism自戀，自我陶醉。

44.D文章第二段第二句指出Facebook的efficiency和elegance模糊了

其無(wú)法提供給我們的東西，即everythingthatmatters。隨后下一句提

到“WhatFacebookhasrevealedabouthumannature…isthataconnectionis

notthesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotalconnectionisno

salvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldoramoreliberatedversionof

humanity”，可知Facebook能給人們帶來(lái)connection，卻帶不來(lái)真正的

bond，因此正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

45.D該篇文章主要講述到Facebook使人們獲得了isolation，但人們

卻時(shí)時(shí)刻刻保持登錄狀態(tài)，想要自我表現(xiàn)。孤立原本可以使人們暫時(shí)忘

卻自我，進(jìn)行反省和發(fā)現(xiàn)，但Facebook卻使人們不斷地想著人們自身的

問(wèn)題。由此可知作者想要讀者得出“Facebook使我們陷入矛盾之中”的結(jié)

論。故答案選D。

PassageTwo

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsof

forceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknew

allthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsan

estimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeen

publishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.Themodernhighschool

studentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledge,thanNewtondid,

yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecoming

moreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainof

informationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,

youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakes

ascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,

butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynew

discoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfasterthanknowledge.

Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,

thereisfarmorewedon’tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmore

weknowwedon’tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeisto

generatenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant:notthekinofignorancethat

isassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivated,

high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo:they

makedistinctionbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposals

andoverbeersatmeetings.AsClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatest

physicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said“Thoroughlyconscious

ignorance…isapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.”

Thisperspectiveonscience—thatitisaboutthequestionmorethanthe

answers—shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakesscienceless

threateningandfarmorefriendlyand,infact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseries

ofelegantpuzzleswithinpuzzles—andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questions

arealsomoreaccessibleandmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendto

betheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

Latelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindto

whatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—thatisapileoffactswaytoo

bigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthe

questions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthe

questionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducators

stoppedtraffickinginfactsthatareavailableonWikipedia—thenwemight

findapubliconceagainengagedinadventure.

46.WhichofthefollowingwouldmostscholarsagreetoaboutNewton

andscience?

A.Newtonwastheonlypersonwhoknewallthescienceinthe1600s.

B.Newton’slawsofforceandgravitydominatedsciencefor350years.

C.SinceNewton’stime,sciencehasdevelopedintoamountainoffacts.

D.AhighschoolstudentprobablyknowsmoresciencethanNewton

did.

47.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

48.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionmorethanthe

answers?

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionthananswers.

D.Becausequestionpointthewaytodeepanswers.

49.Theexpression“takeabackseat”(line1,paragraph5)probably

means_____.

A.takeabackplace

B.haveadifferentrole

C.beofgreaterpriority

D.becomelessimportant

50.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists’enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案與解析】

46.D有關(guān)牛頓和科學(xué)，大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)可的觀點(diǎn)主要集中在文章第

一段，該段最后一句提到“Themodernhighschoolstudentprobablynow

possessesmorescientificknowledge,thanNewtondid,yetsciencetomany

peopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts”，可知關(guān)于科學(xué)，目

前一個(gè)中學(xué)生就很可能比當(dāng)時(shí)的牛頓知道的多。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

其他選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與文章首段的描述有出入。

47.B文章第三段講述了無(wú)知和知識(shí)之間的關(guān)系。該段第四句提

到“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetter

waysofbeingignorant…”，B項(xiàng)描述與之意思相符，因此為正確答案。

48.B題干所描述內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在第四段首句，該句指出“科學(xué)更多是關(guān)

乎問(wèn)題而非答案應(yīng)該是一個(gè)令人感到欣慰的觀點(diǎn)”，接著下文提到“It

makessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyand,infact,fun”以

及“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandmoreinterestingthan

answers…”，可知問(wèn)題使得科學(xué)更易于理解和接受。因此答案選B。

49.D文章第五段第一句指出“Latelythissideofsciencehastakena

backseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—

thatisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer”，即在大眾

看來(lái)，“科學(xué)更多是關(guān)乎問(wèn)題而非答案”的觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)takenabackseat，人

們認(rèn)為科學(xué)是大量事實(shí)的集合，甚至無(wú)法想象去征服。由此可推測(cè)take

abackseat指“處于次要地位；退居次位”。因此答案選D。

50.A文章中一直在討論科學(xué)的問(wèn)題，最后作者提出一系列的如

果“Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andif…andif…”，并得

出結(jié)論“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinadventure”，可

知在該篇文章中作者最關(guān)注的問(wèn)題是使人們重新參與到科學(xué)之中。因此

答案選A。

PassageThree

Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisions

hasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillions

ofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentlongbeast.AccordingtoIBM,it

candigestinformationandmakerecommendationmuchmorequickly,and

moreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60

millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplain

oldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage.”

That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofall

informationis“unstructured.”Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotes

dictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademic

journals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.At

leastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatient

examinations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnbetteratfiguring

outmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswith

realcases.Watsonevenhastheabilitytoconveydoubt.Whenitmakes

diagnosesandrecommendtreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesof

possibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached.

Medicinehasneverbeforehadatoolquitelikethis.Andatanunofficial

coming-outpartyinLasVegaslastyear,duringtheannualmeetingofthe

HealthcareInformationandManagementSystemsSociety,morethan1,000

professionalspackedalargehotelconferencehall,andanoverflowroom

nearbytohearapresentationbyMartyKohn,anemergency-roomphysician

andaclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare.

Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe,Kohndescribed

inhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger—notjustinhighly

specializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,giventhatall

doctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimesdangerous,

treatmenterrors.

Drawingonhisownclinicalexperienceandonacademicstudies,Kohn

explainedthataboutone-thirdoftheseerrorsappeartobeproductsof

misdiagnosis,onecauseofwhichis“anchoringbias”:humanbeings’

tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation.Thishappens

allthetimeindoctors’offices,clinics,andemergencyrooms.Aphysician

hearsabouttwoorthreesymptoms,seizesonadiagnosisconsistentwith

those,andsubconsciouslydiscountsevidencethatpointstosomethingelse.

Oraphysicianhitsupontherightdiagnosis,butfailstorealizethatit’s

incomplete,andendsuptreatingjustoneconditionwhenthepatientis,in

fact,sufferingfromseveral.ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothose

failings.Assuch,Kohnbelieves,theymayeventuallybecomeasubiquitous

indoctors’officesasthestethoscope.

“Watsonfillsinforsomehumanlimitations,”Kohntoldmeinan

interview.“Studiesshowthathumansaregoodattakingarelativelylimited

listofpossibilitiesandusingthatlist,butarefarlessadeptatusinghuge

volumesofinformation.That’swhereWatsonshines:takingahugelistof

informationandwinnowingitdown.”

51.WhatisWatson?

A.Itisapersonwhoaidsdoctorsinprocessingmedicalrecords.

B.Itisanonlinetoolthatconnectsdoctorsoverdifferentplaces.

C.Itisanintelligentcomputerthathelpsdoctorsmakedecisions.

D.Itisabeastthatgreetsmillionsofvisitorstoamedicalinstitution.

52.WhichofthefollowingisbeyondWatson’sability?

A.Talkwiththepatient.

B.Calculateprobability.

C.Recommendtreatment.

D.Processsophisticateddata.

53.MartyKohn_____.

A.gaveapresentationatanacademicconference

B.worksfortheIBMTrainingDivision

C.isashortpersonwithahuskyvoice

D.expressedoptimismforWatson

54．“Anchoringbias”_____.

A.isadeviceubiquitousindoctors‘offices.

B.islesslikelytobecommittedbyWatson.

C.happensinonethirdofmedicaltreatments

D.isawrongdiagnosiswithincompleteinformation

55.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Watsonasashiningstar

B.Therisksofmisdiagnosis

C.TheRobotWillSeeYouNow

D.IBM’sITsolutiontomedicine

【答案與解析】

51.C文章首段開(kāi)頭便指出能幫助醫(yī)生和病人進(jìn)行診斷的信息科技

已存在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間了，隨后便引出Watson，稱其能夠“digest

informationandmakerecommendationmuchmorequickly,andmore

intelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit”，由此可推知Watson是能

幫助醫(yī)生進(jìn)行診斷的智能電腦，因此本題答案選C。

52.A關(guān)于Watson能做些什么，文章第二段主要對(duì)其進(jìn)行了介紹。

該段指出對(duì)于醫(yī)學(xué)方面的大量復(fù)雜信息，至少在理論上“Watsoncan

makesenseofitall”，對(duì)應(yīng)D項(xiàng)；根據(jù)該段最后一句“Whenitmakes

diagnosesandrecommendtreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesof

possibilities…”，可知B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容也是Watson能夠做到的。唯獨(dú)A

項(xiàng)“與病人進(jìn)行交談”文中沒(méi)有提及，因此超出了Watson的能力范圍。故

答案選A。

53.D文中首次提到MartyKohn是在第三段，該段最后一句提

到“KohndescribedinhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger

—notjustinhighlyspecializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,

giventhatalldoctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimes

dangerous,treatmenterrors”，由此可知Kohn對(duì)于Watson持樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。

因此D項(xiàng)正確。其他選項(xiàng)與該段提到的內(nèi)容均由出入。

54.Banchoringbias出現(xiàn)在第四段首句，該句對(duì)anchoringbias的解釋

為“humanbeings’tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceof

information”。隨后該段對(duì)anchoringbias發(fā)生的情況進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹，并

在倒數(shù)第二句指出“ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings”。由

此可知Watson不太可能會(huì)犯此類錯(cuò)誤。因此答案選B。

55.A文章從引入Watson開(kāi)始，對(duì)Watson的功能、前景和克服人類

局限性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了介紹，并在文章最后一句總結(jié)到“That’swhere

Watsonshines…”，因此A項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。

PassageFour

Thecontributiongenesmakeintelligenceincreaseaschildrengrow

older.Thisgoesagainstthenotionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage,

environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacyweareborn

withandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegenetic

influencegoesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetween

peoplepileupinlife,”saysRobertPlomin.“Whatwefoundwasquite

amazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previ