素養培優練（一）Ⅰ.閱讀理解[2023·河南周口統考期末]AAsahockey（冰球）parent,whilewatchingmysonplayfromMitetoBantam,HouseLeaguetoTravel,I'velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids.Inhisthirdseasonin2019,myson'steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,andpizza.Heimprovedasaplayer,butdidnotmuchchangeasaperson.However,whathappenedthenextyearaddeditsstorytothelegendsofsportingincompetence.Notmerelyweakbutprettilybad,thisteamlost40oftheirfirst50games,mostofthedefeatscominginthecourseoftwolosingstreaks（連敗）.Foratime,Iworriedthatthesefailureswouldkillmychild'sloveofthegame.Butthat'snotwhathappened.Asbadasitgot,thelosingwasclarifying.Itweededoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingbehindthosewitharealpassionforthesport.Alistof17oftheteamwascutdownto12.Itwasespeciallyeducationalforthekids.Ittaughtthemagreattruthoftheworld:Foreveryonegood,thereissomeonebetter.What'smore,thekidswerelearningthegameinawaythatonlylosingcanteach.Eachplayergottoplayeverywhere,tolearnandappreciatetheroleofeverypositionontheice.Theykeptaneyeontheiropponentstoo,studyingthesecretoftheirgoodperformance.Inanefforttobreaktherecord,theywentbacktobasics,acceptedthewisdomofthehockeyancients:Ifplayinglikeateam,theycandefeatacollectionofall-stars;ifdoingsmallandunappreciatedtaskswell,theycangetthegoal.Thisnewteamhadcharacterandcouldneverbecountedout,nomatterthescore.Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueaked（勉強進入）intothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime（加時賽）.Whentheynarrowlylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunners-upbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheson'steaminthethirdseasonin2019?A.Theteamhadabadperformance.B.Theteamdidn'tliveuptotheauthor'sexpectations.C.Theteamplayedtypicallywellandwonallthegames.D.Theteamdidn'thelpwithplayers'mentalgrowth.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“thelosingwasclarifying”inPara4mean?A.Thelosingboostedthekids'teamwork.B.Thelosingmadethekidsbetterunderstandhockey.C.Thelosinghelpedthekidslearnagreattruthoftheworld.D.Thelosingseparatedtrueplayersfromthoseplayingforglory.3.Whatcanbeimpliedfromthenewteam'sexperience?A.Theyvaluedteamworkanddetailsinagame.B.Theykepttheirwinningstrategiesasecret.C.Theybeatateamofall-starplayers.D.Theywonthechampionshipinthetournament.4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toexplorethebenefitsoflosing.B.Todescribeateam'sroadtosuccess.C.Tooffersomesuggestionsongettingoverlosing.D.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenwinningandlosing.BInformationreceivedbythegrapevineissupposedtobesecret.Itiswhisperedintoyourearwiththeunderstandingthatyouwillnotpassitontoothers.Youfeelhonoredandexcitedasyouareoneofthespecialfewtogetthisinformation.Youcannotwait.Youmustquicklyfindotherearstopourtheinformationinto.Andso,theinformation,secretasitis,beginstospread.Nobodyknowshowfar.TheAmericaninventor,SamuelFinleyBreeseMorse,islargelyresponsibleforthebirthoftheexpression.Amongothers,heexperimentedwiththeideaoftelegraphy—sendingmessagesoverawirebyelectricity.OnMay24,1848,hesucceededinsendingamessageoverawirefromWashingtontoBaltimore.Themessagewas:“WhathathGodwrought?”.Quickly,meneverywhereseemedtobeputtinguppoleswithstringsofwireforcarryingtelegraphicmessages.Alargenumberofthetelegraphlinesweregoinginalldirections,asbentasthevines（藤）thatgrapesgrowon.Sowasborntheexpression,bythegrapevine.Somewritersbelievethatthephrasewouldsoonhavedisappeared,wereitnotfortheAmericanCivilWar.SoonaftertheAmericanCivilWarbeganin1861,battlefieldreportsweresentbytelegraph.Peoplebeganhearingthephrasebythegrapevinetodescribefalseaswellastruereportsfromthebattlefield.Itwaslikeagame.Wasittrue?Whosaysso?Now,asinthosefar-offCivilWardays,gettinginformationbythegrapevineremainssomethingofagame.Youreallycannotknowhowmuch,ifany,oftheinformationthatcomestoyoubythegrapevineistrueorfalse.Still,inthewordsofanoldAmericansaying,thepersonwhokeepspullingthegrapevineshakesdownatleastafewgrapes.5.Whatdoes“Informationreceivedbythegrapevine”mean?A.Messagessentbytelegraph.B.Messagessentoverphonelines.C.Informationrelatedtothegrape.D.Informationpassedonfrompersontoperson.6.WhatareParagraphs3~4mainlyabout?A.Thelifeoftheinventor.B.Theoriginofthephrase“bythegrapevine”.C.Whytelegraphlinesweregoinginalldirections.D.HowMorsesentmessagesoveranelectricitywire.7.WhatinfluencedidtheCivilWarbringtothephrase“bythegrapevine”?A.Itcontributedtoitssurvival. B.Itchangeditsmeaning.C.Itexpandeditsmeaning. D.Itcauseditsdisappearance.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphimply?A.Don'tpullthegrapevinebeforeyougetafewgrapes.B.Don'ttrusttheinformationreceivedbythegrapevine.C.Themoreyoupullthegrapevine,themoregrapesyouwillget.D.Themoreyouheargrapevinenews,themoretrueinformationyouwillget.Ⅱ.七選五[2022·河南許昌期末]Herearesometipstohelpgetyourchildrenonthepathtogoodsportsmanship.Thereareanumberofparentsthatallowtheirchildrentowinatgames.Althoughparents'heartsareintherightplace,thisonlygiveschildrenfalsehope.1Imaginetheembarrassmentchildrenwillendurewhentheygotoschoolthinkingtheyarethebestchessplayerintheworldbecausetheybeattheirparentsandthengetbeatenbyotherclassmates.Alwaysteachyourchildrenthebasicconceptofgamesandallowthemtolearnbygettingbeaten;themoretimestheylosethebettertheywilllearnthegame.ExhibitgoodsportsmanshipwhilewatchingsportonTVoratasportsouting.2Thiswillteachyourchildrenthatalthoughyouareafanofoneteamyoustillrespecttheotherteam'splayers.3Butyoushouldalsobesuretocorrectimproperbehavior.Havingtheprivilegeofplayingsportscomeswitharesponsibilitytoplayfairandjusthavefun.Encourageyourchildrenandalltheotherplayerstokeepthecompetitionfunandfairforeveryone.4Ifyouwereateamquarterback（四分衛）throughoutyourschoolcareer,don'texpectyourchildrentohavethesametalentorthesameenthusiasmforthesport.Iftheydo,that'sgreat,butneverpushthemintosomethingyouwanttodo.5A.Itisalsoimportanttoacceptyourchildren'sability.B.Youcanalwaysgivethemideaswhiletheyareplaying.C.Listentotheirwishesbeforepushingyoursontoyourchildren.D.Therearesomeparentswhoalwaysexhibitgoodsportsmanship.E.Whenyourchildrenexhibitgoodsportsmanship,praisethemforthat.F.Thismakesthembelievetheycanbeatalmostanyoneatthegamestheyplay.G.Youcandothisbycheeringforyourteam,butmakingpositivecommentsabouttheotherteam.Ⅲ.完形填空[2023·山東省實驗中學校考期末]“Areyoureallygoingtoeatanotherpieceofpizza?”ItwasatmyfourteenthbirthdaypartythatIreceivedmyfirst1relatedcomment.Afterthatday,commentslikethis2inmyheadlongerthantheyshouldhave.Iwas3pickingflaws（缺點）inmyfigureinthemirror.IdecidedthatIcouldn'teatlikethisinordertobe4.Itstartedoutasjustalittleextra5everyday,likerunning,butitquicklyturnedinto6mealsandworkingouteverynightbeforebed.AsI7thecalories,thecommentsstartedtochange.Perhapsmy8commentwas“You'resoskinny.”Maybeothersdidn'tknowit,buttheircommentswere9mysocialconstructionofbeauty.However,myconditionslowlybecameworse.MycaloricintakewaslessthanthatofachildandInolongerhadthe10todothethingsIonceenjoyed.EverythingchangedwhenIgotacallfromthedirectoratmydancestudio.She11methatshehadwantedtomovemetotheadvancedlevel,12shenoticedIwastooskinny.IthenrealizedInearly13myroleinTheNutcracker.IwasdeterminedthatIwasn'tgoingtoletsociety'sideaofbeautybethedeathofme.Iwanttogetbetterforrealthistime.Mirrorsandscales（秤）haveno14ofwhoIam.Socialconstructionsofbeautywillalwaysbe15intheworldthatIliveinbutI'vedecidednottoletthemruleoverme.1.A.habit B.ability C.health D.weight2.A.changed B.stuck C.competed D.recreated3.A.constantly B.immediately C.carefully D.regularly4.A.famous B.special C.pretty D.brave5.A.exercise B.support C.reward D.practice6.A.ordering B.serving C.quitting D.cooking7.A.cutdown B.tookin C.concentratedon D.engagedin8.A.unexpected B.favorite C.brief D.familiar9.A.fueling B.admitting C.improving D.explaining10.A.time B.mood C.plan D.energy11.A.informed B.warned C.reminded D.persuaded12.A.and B.but C.since D.though13.A.played B.forgot C.lost D.picked14.A.amount B.intention C.sign D.idea15.A.true B.meaningful C.different D.present素養培優練（一）Ⅰ.閱讀理解1.D[解析]推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，2019年第三個賽季，作者認為兒子的球隊打得確實不錯，但是他們人格上并沒有什么成長。聯系下文，兒子和隊員起初并不知道如何面對失敗可推知，作者認為他們心理上未能成長。2.D[解析]句意理解題。根據畫線句的下一句可知，雖然孩子的球隊比賽失敗，但是失敗讓一切變得明朗了，因為淘汰了那些為榮譽而打球的隊員，由此推知，畫線句意為“失敗將真正的球員與那些為榮譽而打球的球員區分開來”。3.A[解析]推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段可知，新球隊更加關注比賽細節、更注重自身全面發展、更注重團隊協作。4.A[解析]推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“I'velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids”和最后一段可知，作者的兒子和隊員們從失敗中領悟，獲得成長，最好的東西，可能是成功，也有可能是失敗。【語篇導讀】作者的兒子和隊員們在打曲棍球比賽的失敗中學到了教訓，學會了成長。5.D[解析]細節理解題。第一段中“whisperedintoyourear”和第二段中“findotherearstopourtheinformationinto”描述了小道消息的根本特征是“口耳相傳”。6.B[解析]主旨大意題。第三段首句指出“Morse,islargelyresponsibleforthebirthoftheexpression”，第四段末句總結“Sowasborntheexpression”，由此可知這兩段講的是bythegrapevine這個短語的由來。7.A[解析]細節理解題。由第五段可知。wereitnotfor是常用習語，表條件，意為“若非，要是沒有……的話”。8.D[解析]句意理解題。上一句意在表明，小道消息如果有真實成分的話，人們往往也無法確定其真實成分占多少。still常用作連接副詞，表讓步關系，意為“盡管如此”。綜合以上兩點可推測，畫線部分應是肯定小道消息的正面作用，結合字面意思可推知，畫線部分意在表達“小道消息掌握得越多，獲取的真實消息就越多”。【語篇導讀】informationreceivedbythegrapevine往往是通過非正式途徑、私底下傳播的消息。人人都急于、樂于成為掌握小道消息的少數人，又迫不及待地到處傳播。普遍認為，bythegrapevine一語是美國發明家Morse發明的。也有很多作家認為bythegrapevine一語在英語中的廣泛使用得益于美國內戰。Ⅱ.七選五1.F[解析]本句承接上文說明父母給孩子的虛假希望是什么，是讓他們相信他們可以在