塑料模具中英文互譯文獻外文翻譯TreatingandthemodernmouldmakehighspeedOne,summarizesthepresentsituationthatthemouldmakesatpresentandtrendThemouldisimportanthandicraftequipment,occupiesdecisivepositioninindustriddepartmentssuchasconsumergoods,electricalequipmentelectron,automobile,aircraftfabrication.Themouldisimportanthandicraftequipment,occupiesdecisivepositioninindustriddepartmentssuchasconsumergoods,electricalequipmentelectron,automobile,aircraftfabrication.Industrialproductpartroughprocess75%,thefinishmachining50%andplasticpart90%willbecompletedfromthemould.TheChinesemouldmarketdemandalreadyreachesscaleof500hundredmillionyuanatpresent.Theautomobilemould,theannualgrowthratecoveringpieceofmouldespeciallywillexceed20%;Alsopromptbuildingmaterialmoulddevelopment,variousheterotypematerialthemould,wallsurfaceandfloormouldbecomenewmouldgrowthpoint,plasticdoorsandwindowsandplasticdrain-pipeincreasetoexceeding30byintheupcomingseveralyears%;Thehomeappliancemouldannualgrowthratewillexceed10%;TheITindustryyearincreases%speedequallyexceeding20,theneedtothemouldaccountsfor20ofmouldmarketplace%.2004annualChinesemachinetoolsimplementsindustryoutputvaluewillcontinuetoincrease.Ourcountrymouldfabricationmarketpotentialisenormous.Thebasisdatacounts,inrecentyears,ourcountrymouldyeargrossoutputvaluereaches3billionU.S.dollar,entranceexceeds1billionU.S.dollar,exceed100millionU.S.dollaroutlet.Increasebyfrom25%toincreaseto200550%of1995.Theexpertforetellsthatabroad:Asiaportionbeingoccupiedbyinmouldfabricationinthewholeworld,willfrom25%toincreaseto200550%of1995.Chinesemouldindustryhasbeenexpandingbyleapsandbounds,hasformedeastChinaandtwobigSouthChinabases,andhasexpandedgraduallyarrivingatotherprovince.In2002(Shandong,Anhui,Sichuan)in1996~,mouldmanufacturingindustryoutputvalueannualaveragegrowth14%,growsby25%in2003.In2003ourcountrymouldoutputvalueis45billionRMB.Thegrossproductplaceoccupiestheworldthe3rd,exportsamouldincreases33.5%comparedtolastyear336,800,000U.S.dollar.But,contentslowourcountrytechnologymouldsalreadypileupinexcessofrequirement,verymostsupportofaccurate,complicatedtopgrademouldimports.Everyyeartheentrancemouldexceeds1billionU.S.dollar.Exceed100millionU.S.dollaroutlet.Precisemouldaccuracyrequiresthat3mums,large-scalemouldsrequirethat8000satisfiedkNagreewellwithmodelforceinjectionmachinerequestin2~;Theminitypemouldneedstherequestsatisfyingthediameter1mmsilentstocktube.Atpresent,adoptquick-cuttingtoproduceamouldalreadybecomingthegeneraltrendthatthemouldmakes,afewmouldshaveproducedamanufacturerinabroad,high-speedmachinetoollargeareahassubstitutedtheelectricsparkmachinetool,quickcuttinghasimprovedthemouldefficacygreatly.Machinetoolenterpriseaimsatmouldmanufacturingenterprises,sometreatingcentres60%allaboveofthemachinetoolproducingafactorysellstreatingenterprisetoamould.Themouldfabricationenterprisesubstitutingtheelectricsparkfinishmachiningmouldgraduallyinabroadhasadoptquick-cuttingalreadycommonly,quick-cuttinghasproducedamouldalreadybecomingthegeneraltrendthatthemouldmakesgradually,hasimprovedthemouldefficacyandmassgreatly.Adoptquick-cuttingtoreplaceelectricsparkproducingamould,cangetonthestickobviously,improvesmouldaccuracy,lifetimegrowing.highspeedprocessesapplicationinmakinginthemouldquick-cuttingmerit:cutterhighrotationrateandthemachinetoolheightenterbegiventoandhighacceleration,improvemetalexcisionrategreatly;1quick-cuttingdiminutionscutaforce;quick-cuttingheatmajorpartgenerateheatfromthecuttingsentrainment,workpiecebeingshort;quick-cuttingcutdownvibration,improvetreatingmass;highspeedtreatingapplytothebeneficialresultthatthemouldprocessesfleetnessroughprocessandhalffinishmachining,improvetreatingefficiency;highspeedhigh-accuracyfinishmachiningreplaceonlyentiretheheightprocessing,indicatingmass,formaccuracyrise,50%,cutsdownrepairamillbyhandthanEDMprocessesapotentiation;cutsthesurfaceprocessingfinalmoldingstiffly,improvesurfacemass,formaccuracy,thetreating(notonlybeingthatsurfaceharshnessislow,andthesurfaceradianceishigh),beingusedforcomplicatedsurfacehasmoreadvantage;thesurfacelossthatEDMtreatingproduces,improvemouldlifespan20%;processesanelectroderapidlycombiningwiththeCAD/CAMtechnology,especially,theformiscomplicated,thin-wallissimilartoanelectrode.adoptquick-cuttingtoprocessamouldneedingtheproblemsolvingIninthehomeland,sincetheaspectcausesuchasfund,technology,thequick-cuttingapplyingproduceamouldbeintheinitialstagestage.Returnthemachinetool,cutter,handicraftbacktoexistenceaswellassomeproblemofaspectneedstoproceedorderlyothersolve.Theshortcomingisthatfinishedcostishigh,correctcuttersigmatismhavecomparativelyhighdemand,cannothaveusedbigcutters,needtohavethecomplicatedcomputerprogrammingtechnologytobeusedforsupport,equipmentrunningcostheight.Two,thehighspeedprocessingamould'sprocessesamachinetoolMouldfinishmachiningandhardcuttingtreatingrequirethatthenumericalcontrolhigh-speedmachinetool,formboard,modelputuptheprecisionprocessingneed,high-effectnumericalcontrolmachinetooletc.Themouldaimingatproducesalotofmachinetoolenterprise,sometreatingcentres60%allaboveofthemachinetoolproducingafactorysellsenterprisetoamould.Thefixedassetshaving5billionyuanwithoutexceptionintheupcomingseveralyearsthrowsintomouldindustry,80%isthemachinetoolbuyingamouldprocessequipment,justsayingeveryyearhaving4billionyuanofRMBtobuyJinqieamongthem.Atpresentaverageourcountrynumericalcontrolmachinetoolutilizationratioapproximately20%,thehigh-speedmachinetoolutilizationratio3~5%.Also,mouldenterprisehastheunitsuitabletobuyahigh-speedmachinetool,complieswith6000~40000rmp'stohave.high-speedmachinetooltechnologyparameterdemandsProcesscentrechiefaxishigh-power,highrotationrate,satisfiedrudefinishmachining;Thefinishmachiningmouldwantstoneedtoreach15000~20000rmplikethecutter,themachinetoolwithminordiameter.Generally,thechiefaxisrotationratemachinetoolunder10000rpmcancarryoutroughprocessandhalffinishmachining,cannotreachthefinishmachiningaccuracy;Havenowaytoreach400theabovem/mincuttingspeed.fivescrollsofmachinetoolsapplicationincreasesatrendtreatingrouteisnimble,thesurfaceformiscomplicated;treatingrangeisbig,thevarioustypemouldsuitableprocesses;cutslife-spanofconditioneasytocutdowncutterwear,toraiseacutter,;thesoftwaresbuyingCAD/CAMandhigh-speedmachinetoolsassortOnthegroundsofthemachinetool,majorpartcounting,havingseveralbillionsU.S.dollartobeusedtoenterporteveryyear,theelectromachiningmachinetoolandthehigh-speedmachinetoolneedtoimport.Three,quick-cuttingmouldcuttertechnology2Quick-cuttingprocessesthecutterneedingallocatingproperquickcutting.Progressingprocessingcuttermaterial'sinhighspeedhasurgeddevelopmentofhighspeedtreating.Thecutter,knifeedgeheadquarterandhightenacitybasegatheringcrystalstrengtheningtheceramicscutterbeingabletobeusedgivingconsiderationtohighhardnessexperienceandobservecarbidealloycoatingbecomingpossibility.Gatherthecrystalcubenitridingboron(PCBN)bit,whosehardnessmayamountto3500~4500HV.Gathercrystalmiamond(PCD)it'shardnessbutamountto6000~10000HV.GermanySCS,JapanMitsubishi(magicalsteel)andSumitomo,SwitzerlandShanteweike,USAKennaareinrecentyearsswiftlylargewaitforthefamousabroadcuttercompanytosuccessivelyhavedebutedtherespectivequick-cuttingcutter,notonlycutterhavingaveragestructuralsteelofquick-cutting,theceramicscutterstillhavingdirectquick-cuttingofenergyquenchinghardsteeliswaitingforaneffecttosurpassthehardcutter,especiallythecoatingcutterappearsallofasudden,bringingintoplayinquenchinghalffinishmachiningandfinishmachiningofhardsteel.Newcuttermaterialandcuttertechnologyappearingalreadymakethebottleneckproblemthathighspeedhasprocessednolongerbeabletoappearonthecutter.But,expensiveentrancecutterpricealsoblocksquick-cuttingmouldkeyfactor.Abovetocometosayingthecutterandthecutterholderaccelerationreach3gsthesort,thecuttercircularrunoutneedstobesmallerthan0.015mm,buttheknifelengthisunablegreaterthan4timescuttersdiameter.TherealityaccordingtoSANDVIKcompanyhascounted,thecarbidealloyhasstoodonintheentiretyusingcarbonnitridingtitanium(TICN)coatingwhenmillingcutters(58HRC)carryouthighspeedbrightmetalchopping,roughprocesscutterlinearspeedhasbeen100m/minabout,whoselinearspeedhasexceededbut280m/minwhenfinishmachiningandmicrostoning.Suchdemandstocuttermaterial(includethehardness,tenacity,redhardnesskeeptheform(includerowofcrumbsfunction,surfaceaccuracy,dynamicbalancesexetc.(cuttingthefunction),thecutterunderhightemperaturestate))aswellascutterlife-spanallhasveryhighly.Experienceaccordingtointhehomelandmouldhighspeedfinishmachining,linearspeedhasexceeded400~800m/minwhenadopttheyoungdiameterballheadmillingcuttertocarryoutmouldfinishmachining.Themachinetoolchoosingsufficienthigh-speed'scutsmouldfinishmachiningstiffly.Delcamadopt0.8mmdiametercuttertoprocessthenarrowslot,rotationrate40000rpm,0.1mmdepth,feedspeed30m/min.choosesthecutterparameter,thecutterwaitsifshoulderingananteriorangle.Thecutterrequiresthattheabilityprocessingrequestshockresistancetenacitymorehighly,requiringthatheatresistancepoundsthanaverageisstrong;adoptsvariousmethodimprovingcutterlife-span,reducescuttercost.adoptthehighspeedhilt,HSKhilt,heatpressingapplyingthemostbeingatpresenttopretendtogripautter.Payattentiontoacutterpretendtogripoverallinthedayafertomorrowdynamicbalance;4currentcutterenterprisehasalreadydonemanyjobsinthefieldofthetechnologyresolvingthequick-cuttingcutter,servingfacingthecutterprocessingmayhelptosolvemuchproblem,thecutterhasproducedamanufacturerbecomingthemainbody,thereferencecutterhasproducedthetechnologyparameterthatthemanufacturerprovides.Four,improvequick-cuttingmouldefficiencytechnologycutterdiameterandthelengthchoiceHSMandtheEDMchoicedoescuttingandthelubricatingcoolingfeedschoice:Moveforwardgenerallygivingamounts<millingcutterdiameters10%,moveforwardgivingawidth<millingcutterdiameter40%.Accordingtomaterial,conditionchoosestheparameterprocessinghandicraftrationallyHighspeedbrightmetalcutsthemassprocessingpartmaterialabroadfairlygood,materialqualitylevelis3identical,thetreatingfunctioncomparisonisstable;But,thecutterthatthecompanyproducesabroadisalsothatthestandardmakesanexperimentwiththeirmaterial;Thetreatingbeingrecommendedbyissuitabletotheirstandardcomparativelyliketheparameter,materialqualityhasthecertaindifferencewithdomesticpart,thisdifferenceshowscomparativelyobviously,someparameterscanapplydirectly,butsomeeffectdispatchesrightawaycomparativelyduringtheperiodofhighspeedbrightmetalchopsifusingtheircutter.Butselectandusepartmaterialqualityinthehomelandlikeenterprisehavingthecertainstandard,whatbeputintousepartmaterial,canusethepartmaterialqualitythathighspeedprocessesespecially,thegeneralmeetingislimitedinsomepartmaterialrangeinner,thatthisappliesthehighspeedprocessingtechnologytoushasalsoprovidedadvantageouscondition,hasbeenabletoapplytolesstreatingmaterialwithinrange.Beingneedingtoemphasizethathere,mustchoosethetreatingtechnologicalparameteroptimizingoutasetofcapitalsuitableenterpriseonthesematerial,isbroughtintocompanystandardand.Thetechnologyselectingandusingthedomesticcutter,seldomhavingthebrightmetalrecommendinghighspeedtochopparametric,isnecessarymakinganexperiment,getthecomparativelysatisfiedparameter,produceamanufacturerhadbettertoselectandusethefixedcutter,cutdownthenumberoftimestestingthat,thestandardformingaprocessingtechnology,suchcanimproveeffectiveutilizationratioofequipment,lowersproductioncosts,cangetthefairlygoodeconomiceffect.Five,quick-cuttingrouteprocessingacutterandprogrammingflatsurfacefeedstheroutechoice2)outlinesprocesstheroutechoiceKeepcuttingloadingstablekeepsrelativelystablemovingforwardgivingamountsandfeedspeedkeepsthegardencornerinflatsurfacecuttingchoosesthefinishmachiningmarginrationallyProgrammingdemandofHSCfinishmachiningtoCAM:thebrightmetalavoidingacornertothefullcutsmotion;triesone'sbesttoavoidexternalfeedofworkpieceandenternextdepthreturnknifemotion,directfromtheoutline.Oradoptahelicallineorbeingsureenterslantingtomovingforward;constanteachedgefeed,improvethequality,prolongscutterlife-span;outlinetreatingarekeptwaitinginlevelsurface.Quick-cuttingCAMsoftware:Severalyearsagowillhavestartedquick-cuttingprocessingprogrammingtechnologyresearch,theDelcamcompany,hasdevelopedthequick-cuttingautomationprogrammingsoftwaremodule;Lately,theMasterCAMcompanyhasalsodevelopedthequick-cuttingautomationprogrammingsoftwaremodule;Youalsoareininthehomelandnorthnavigationdevelopingthequick-cuttingautomationprogrammingsoftwaremodule;Six,high-speedmachinetoolnumericalcontrolsystemcharacteristichighspeeddataisprocessedcornerforecastsarehandledNURBSarenotjustifiedappearancestriprunincurvetreatingSeven,safequick-cuttingmouldproblemMonitoringwearingacutterawayanddestroying;Intensitythatthebitlinks;Strictwiththemachinetoolandthecutterexaminationisveryimportantandbeforetheaveragemachinetoolprocessingdiversity,safetyprotectsandstartsup.Eight,thereexistsprobleminourcountryatpresentinadopthighspeedtoprocessthemouldtechnology1machinetool:41)domestichigh-speedmachinetooloverallfunctionstillhasthegap,thefunctioncomponentfunctiontobeabletonotsatisfyarequest.Powerandrotationrateincludingtheelectricitychiefaxis,entrancemachinetoolpriceishigh;2)Underthemachinetoolhighspeed,thedynamicbehaviourstudiesthefunctionbeingnotenoughtoaffectacompletemachineasaresult,;3)Thefivescrollofmachinetoolisnotenoughmature,entrancemachinetoolpriceisveryhigh;4)supportingtechnologyandequipmentarefairlyincomplete2cutters:domesticcutterisnotabletoadapttothequick-cuttingapplication,highspeedcutsonlyentiretreatingespeciallystiffly.Entrancecutterpriceishigh.Thecuttertechnologyistoaffectquickcuttingprocessingakeyfactorofmould.supportingtechnologiesarenotenoughtoincludehilt,onlinedynamicbalanceincompletesetetc..highspeedmouldsprocessthetechnologyandtheexperiment1)Beshortoftheaccumulationapplyingexperiencesincehighspeedprocessesthemouldhistorycomparativelyshortly,;2)Thecomparisonstudyingcomparisonstopsthrowingintolack,setsupaprojecttoquick-cuttinghandicraftisdifficult;)Beshortofthequick-cuttingdatabaseorthehandbook,isstillblankspaceatpresent;)mouldsproducethemanufacturercognitionlacktoquick-cutting,theanalysiscontrastbeingshortoflongrangebeneficialresult;Beshortofthequick-cuttingautomationprogrammingsoftware;Beshortofafivescrollofgearquick-cuttingautomationprogrammingCAMsoftware.ConcludingremarkThemouldmarketplacehastheintenseneed,buttechnologytobeunabletokeepabreastwithtohighspeedtreating.Startingislate,thebasisisrelativelypoor,overallengineeringlevelnotbeingtallerthan,developsslowlyRequirethatonebyone,aspectcoordinatedgrowth,theproductmimicinkstonethrowingintocombiningwithenlarging,eachcomprehensiveutilizationaspectstrengthsdrivequick-cuttingapplicationinmakinginthemould..Ourhope,effortpassingeveryaspect,beforethemarketdemandpushgodown,passtechnologicalprogress,looklikeautomobile,machinetool,homeappliance,beforelong,notonlyourcountrybeinggoingtobecomeamouldproducingGreatPower,andbegoingtobecomeamouldproducingthepowerfulcountry.ReferencesJinDiecheng,SongFangzhi.Themodernmouldmakesthetechnology,Beijing:Mechanicalindustrypress,2001.XuHefeng,Thedigitizationmouldmakesthetechnology,Beijing:Chemicalindustrypress,2001.3,ZhaoBo,Highspeedprocessestheforwardpositiontechnologythatthemouldprocesses.Mouldtechnology,2000,(2)4,ZhangHaiou,Thefleetnessmouldmakesthetechnologycurrentsituationandtheirdevelopingtrend.Mouldtechnology,2000,(6)5,GuoDongming,WangXiaoming,Begearedtotheneedsoftheparticularkindprocessingtechnologythatthefleetnesscreates.Chinesemechanicalengineering,2000,(11)5高速加工和現代模具制造一、概述1(目前模具制造的發展現狀和趨勢模具作為重要的工藝裝備，在消費品、電器電子、汽車、飛機制造等工業部門中，占有舉足輕重的地位。工業產品零件粗加工的75%，精加工的50%及塑料零件的90%將由模具完成。目前中國模具市場需求已達500億元之規模。汽車模具、特別是覆蓋件模具年增長速度將超過20%;建材模具也迅速發展，各種異型材模具、墻面和地面模具成為模具的新增長點，今后幾年塑料門窗和塑料排水管增長將超過30%;家電模具年增長速度將超過10%;IT業年均增長速度超過20%，對模具的需求占模具市場的20%。2004年中國機床工具工業產值將繼續增長。我國模具制造市場潛力巨大。根據資料統計，近年來，我國模具的年總產值達到30億美元，進口超過10億美元，出口超過1億美元。增長從1995年的25%增加到2005年的50%。國外專家預言:亞洲在全球模具制造中占據的份額，將從1995年的25%增加至2005年的50%。中國模具工業發展迅速，形成了華東和華南兩大基地，并且逐漸擴大到其他省份。（山東,安徽,四川）1996年,2002年，模具制造業產值年平均增長14%，2003年增長25%。2003年我國模具產值為450億人民幣。總產量位居世界第3，出口模具3.368億美元，比上年增長33.5%。但是，我國技術含量低的模具已供過于求，精密、復雜的高檔模具很大部分依靠進口。每年進口模具超過10億美元。出口超過1億美元精密模具精度要求在2,3口m,大型模具需要滿足8000kN合模力注塑機的要求;小型模具需滿足直徑1mm塑料管的要求。目前，采用高速切削生產模具已經成為模具制造的大趨勢，在國外一些模具生產廠家，高速機床大面積取代電火花機床，高速切削大大提高了模具生產效率。機床企業瞄準模具生產企業，有的加工中心生產廠機床的60%以上賣給模具加工企業。高速切削逐漸取代電火花精加工模具在國外的模具制造企業已經普遍采用，高速切削生產模具已經成為逐漸模具制造的大趨勢，大大提高了模具生產效率和質量。采用高速切削替代電火花生產模具，可以明顯提高效率、提高模具精度、使用壽命長。2（高速加工在模具制造中的應用2（1高速切削的優點:刀具的高轉速和機床的高進給以及高加速度，大大提高金屬切除率;高速切削減小切削力;高速切削熱大部分由切屑帶走，工件發熱少;高速切削減少振動，提高加工質量;2（2高速加工應用于模具加工的效益快速粗加工和半精加工，提高加工效率;高速高精度精加工硬切削代替光整加工，表明質量高，形狀精度提高，比EDM加工提高效率50%,減少手工修磨；硬切削加工最后成型表面，提高表面質量、形狀精度，（不僅是表面粗糙度低，而且表面光亮度高），用于復雜表面的加工更具優勢;4）避免EDM加工產生的表面損傷，提高模具壽命20%;5）結合CAD/CAM技術快速加工電極，特別是形狀復雜、薄壁類電極。3（采用高速切削加工模具需要解決的問題在國內，由于資金、技術等方面的原因，應用高速切削生產模具還處于初期階段。還存在機床、刀具、工藝以及其他方面的一些問題需要逐步解決。缺點是加工成本高，對刀具的使用有較高的要求，不能使用過大的刀具，要有復雜的計算機編程技術做支持，設備運行成本高。二、加工模具的高速加工機床模具精加工和硬切削加工需要數控高速機床,模板、模架加工需要精密、高效數控機床等。許多機床企業瞄準模具生產，有的加工中心生產廠機床的60%以上賣給模具企業。模具行業今后幾年年均有50億元的6固定資產投入，其中80%是購買模具加工設備，也就是說每年有40億元人民幣要購買金切機床。目前我國數控機床的平均利用率大約20%，高速機床的利用率3,5%。模具企業也有相當的單位購買高速機床，從6000,40000rmp的都有。1（高速機床的技術參數要求加工中心主軸大功率、高轉速，滿足粗精加工;精加工模具要用小直徑刀具，機床一般要達到15000,20000rmp。通常主軸轉速在10000rpm以下的機床可以進行粗加工和半精加工，達不到精加工的精度;無法達到400m/min以上的切削速度。2(五軸機床的應用增加趨勢1)加工路線靈活，表面形狀復雜;2)加工范圍大，適合多種類型模具加工;3)切削條件好，減少刀具磨損，提高刀具壽命;3(購買CAD/CAM軟件和高速機床配套據統計，每年有幾十億美元用于進口機床，大部分電加工機床和高速機床需要進口。三、高速切削模具的刀具技術高速切削加工還需配備適宜高速切削的刀具。高速加工刀具材料的進展促使了高速加工的發展。硬質合金涂層刀具、聚晶增強陶瓷刀具使得兼顧高硬度的刀刃部和高韌性的基體成為可能。聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀片,其硬度可達3500,4500HV。聚晶金剛石(PCD)其硬度可達6000,10000HV。近年來德國SCS、日本三菱(神鋼)及住友、瑞士山特維克、美國肯納飛碩等國外著名刀具公司都先后推出了各自的高速切削刀具，不僅有高速切削普通結構鋼的刀具,還有能直接高速切削淬硬鋼的陶瓷刀具等超硬刀具,尤其是涂層刀具異軍突起,在淬硬鋼的半精加工和精加工中發揮著巨大作用。新刀具材料和刀具技術的出現已經使高速