OrientationWorkshopWhatisanexcavation?Whydowehavetodoit?Whathavebeenexcavationincidentsinthisindustry?在這個行業Whatisanexcavation?trenches,ditches,benches,wellsorcanalsWhydowehavetodoit?為什么TomaximisespaceontheservicestationsiteandhavetanksundergroundsystemsanddrainageaswellasbuildingfoundationsandfootingsWhataretherisks?AccessTimeexposedEdgefailureduetovibration,plant,materials,water,spoilUndergroundservicesApersondoesnothavetobecompletelyburiedbysoiltobeseriouslyorfatallyinjured!!m.Fatalitiesarecausedbysuffocation,lackofcirculationand/orfallingobjects.Needtoremember340Toremoveaburiedlegapersonmustexertaequivalentto340kg在移除一條被掩埋的腿時，一個人必須施加

360Apersoncoveredbyacaveinuptotheirchest,candieofinternalinjuriescausedbysoilpressure.Theequivalentforceappliedtothechestisabout360kgcausingsuffocation.當一個SeriouslyorFatallyInjured”FailureIndicatorsSubsidenceandBulging沉 和腫 FactorsaffectingwallstabilityMaterialAccumulationonExcavationSides材OTHERS:

EquipmentWorkingonEdges設

installationsmustbeidentifiedandutilitycompaniesnotified. 知ARiskEvaluationshallbeconductedpriortoexcavationworks.Riskstobeevaluatedincludehazardousatmospheres.Foreachidentifiedrisk,appropriateprotectionsystemsmustbeenforcedACompetentPersonmustidentifyhazardousatmospheresorsituationsofconfinedspaces.挖掘Gasescommonlyfoundinexcavationsand Peatyground&decaying Carbondioxide,hydrogensulphide二氧化碳、硫化氫 Carbondioxide,methane,hydrogensulphide Reclaimedlandandtipfills Naturalgas&carbondioxide天然氣和二氧化碳 Carbonmonoxide,carbondioxide,hydrogen Petrolfumes,LPG,kerosene Petroleuminstallationandservice汽油味、液態丙烷、 ToxicflammableandasphixiantgasesGas氣 Flammable可燃Asphixiant窒MethaneHydrogenCarbondioxideNaturalgasCarbon“CompetentPersonshallperformexcationinspection:主管人員需2Daily2Tensioncracks,bulging,percolatingand/oraccumulatedwater,slidingconditionsare“CompetentPersonshall:主管人員2Evacuatepersonnelfromexcavationwhenhazardoussituationsaredetected”當危險情WateraccumulationCompetentPersonshallperformTensioncracks,bulging,percolatingand/oraccumulatedwater,slidingconditionsaredetected注意發現這些情況：擴張：EvacuatepersonnelfromexcavationwhenhazardousObjectsfallingoverworkers物“Allexcavatedmaterialshallbepiledinsuchawaythatitcannotfinditswaybacktotheexcavation.Excavatedmaterialshallbeplacedatleast1.0meterawayfromexcavationedge”Tools,equipmentandheavymachineryshallnotbeplacedorusedadjacencttoexcavations,sincetheymightfallintotheexcavationorcauseexcessivevibrationstocausecollapseoftheexcavationwalls.工具、設備和重型機械不能安AllexcavationshallhaveappropriatemeasurestopreventpublicandVisiblephysicalbarriersandsignsshallbeprovidedaroundexcavations”在挖.Visiblephysicalbarriersandsignsshallbeprovidedaroundexcavations.在挖掘作業附近需要ProvideprotectiondesignwhenexcavationcanaffectintegrityStablerock2type1(moststable)i.e.sandstone&granite類型1——穩stable類型3——土壤顆粒無連接性例：大多數土壤干燥但是不穩定LayeredgeologicalstratawhichisassessedbytheweakestsoilintheLetsseewhatriskswecanJSAExerciseInpairs,takeoneofthedesignfootprintsandprepareaJSAofhowtheexcavation&tankinstallationshouldbeconducted兩兩配對合作，PassyourcompletedJSAontothenextpairwhowillreviewwhetheryouhavecoveredallrisks(inasimilarwayaconstructionandprojectmanagerwillneedtodothis)講你們完成的作業安全分析遞交NowwewillcomparetheJSA’stosomeincidentstodetermineifyourJSA(ifimplemented)wouldhavepreventedtheincidents現在我ExcavationincidentinretailTheemployeeofatankinstallationcontractorwasfatallyinjuredduringtheinstallationofanUndergroundStorageTank(UST)(neckandbackinjuries).Thecontractoremployeewaskneelingontopofthetank,whichhadalreadybeenloweredintotheexcavation,buthadnotbeenstabilized,whenonesideoftheexcavationcollapsedontothetank.ThecollapsingsoilcausedthetanktomoveandthecontractortolosehisbalanceandfallapproximatelymetersfromthetopoftheEventsleadinguptotheSubcontractorpreparedexcavation2daysbeforetanksweretobeinstalled在槽罐PTWissuedtocontractorbutrequirementswereeithernotcommunicatedtotheSCExcavationwallstoosteep(verticalwithnoadditionalsupporteventhoughproceduresidentifiedslopingexcavationwalls即使程序驗證過挖掘墻壁的傾斜度，挖LoweredtheUSTintotheexcavationcontractoremployeeusedaladdertoclimbontopoftheUSTtocheckthelevelofthetankandtounhooktheliftingchains把地下儲Tankhadnotbeenstabilisedbeforeworkergotontopofthetank在工人到達管槽頂端Abouttounhooktheliftingchainwhenasideoftheexcavationcollapsed&theclay22metersfromthetopofthetankintotheexcavation.關于吊舉鏈條，當挖掘坑一方Aftertheincidentitwasdeterminedthatthewallsoftheexcavationweretoosteep&didnothaveshoring事故發生后，挖掘墻壁太陡并且無支撐被認定。WhatshouldweBeforeinstallationwork,reviewthecontractor’sJSAtoensureconsistencywithEnsurethatthecontractorcommunicate/discussWPrequirementswithallcontractoremployeesandsubcontractorsinvolvedbeforeworkbegins.在開工Whenselectingcontractorstoperformtankinstallationwork,verifytheirtankplacementproceduresincorporatetankstabilisationbeforeliftingequipmentdisconnection&beforepersonnelareallowedtogetonthetank.當選擇承包CONTRACTORFATALITY<2 INCIDENTDESCRIPTION(Cont SouthernConDuringthelunchbreak,oneworkerstayedinthetrenchtosmoke,beforeheleftthesite.Hiscolleague,returningtothesitetocollectsomemoney,steppedontheearthcolumnadjacenttothetrench.Thecolumncollapsedinasinglemasspartiallyburingtheworkerinthetrenchuptohisneckandtotheotherworkerlessseverely.挖掘出來的材 ExcavatedMateriaInitialExcavation(1.5mx0.8m)PartiallyFille

SecondWorkerStandingonEarthColumnbetweenTrencheDirectionofCollap

WorkerinTrenchNewTrencNotToScal 800m 400m 800mmaybetimber,concrete祭祀類型支撐臺——在Trenchsupports(eg.shields,boxesorcagesRockbolts&groundanchorsExcavationplanningRequireddepthofexcavationshoreifover1.5NatureandconditionofgroundincludingcontaminationNatureofwork&nearbyactivitiesStatic&movingloadsneartheexcavation(edgeclearance>excavationLikelihoodofwetweatherPreviousgrounddisturbances