名詞性從句Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主語從句賓語從句表語從句

名詞性從句的作用相當于名詞，因此主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。同位語從句NounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)AppositiveClause（同位語從句）ObjectClause（賓語從句）PredicativeClause（表語從句）1.從屬連詞：that(無詞義，在句中不充當任何成分)

if/whether(有詞義“是否”，但不充當任何成分)2.連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever（有詞義，在句中充當主語、表語、賓語或定語）3．連接副詞：when,where,why,how,howmany,howlong,however,whenever,wherever…

（有詞義，在句中充當狀語）引導名詞性從句的連詞主語從句主語從句

（NounClausesastheSubject）

定義：用作主語的從句叫主語從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導主語從句的連接詞有：連詞that,whether；連接代詞who,what和which；連接副詞when,where,how和why。主語從句1.連接代詞what(什么,所…的)who(m)(誰,他/她)which(哪/那個)whose(誰的)2.連接副詞when(什么時候,…的時間)where(什么地方,…的地點)why(為什么,…的原因)how(怎樣,如何,…的方式)howlong,howmany,howmuch,howfar,howsoon,howoften3.連接詞whether（是否）that（無詞義）在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語在從句作狀語，表時間、地點、原因、方式在從句中不作任何成分

主語從句的分類1）從屬連詞：that，whether等.that

引導主語從句只起引導作用，本身無實際意義，在主語從句中不充當任何成分，但不能省略。

Thatpeoplecutdowntoomanytrees

destroyedthebalanceofnature.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.2).連接代詞who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever

Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whichstudentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.3)連接副詞when，where，how，why等。Why

theysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.When

theywillsetoffisnotdecided.Where

sheisfromisunknown.How

wewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.When在從句中作狀語————————————————isunderdiscussion.Whenwewillbeginthemeeting1).————————————iscertain.（我們將遲到了）2).________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圓的)3).________________________isapity(你錯過了這次機會)

ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance2.whether是否，表不確定的事情.主語從句引導詞的問題Thatweshallbelate————————hurtshimsomuch.（她離開他）1.that只起引導作用不充當成分,但不能省略沒有意義。Thatshelefthim__________________________isnoteasytosay(他是否會來這）1)Whetherhewillcomehere(Ifhewillcomehere...)דif”不能引導主語從句2).如果主語從句放在句首，不能用if引導，但是如果用it做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，也可以用if引導.或把if改為whether誤：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful..Itwasnotclearwhether

thesolidshapewouldlastornot.SubjectClauseSubjectFormedSubjectWhetherthesolidshapewouldlastornotwasnotclear.Real引導主語從句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主語的whether/if都可以.Conclusion:ifIf×

what引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that則不然。例如：

1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.WhatThat2.what與that在引導主語從句時的區別that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______the

teacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat注意：1.“if”不能引導主語從句，應有“whether”引導。3.主語從句的“that”一般不能省。4.“what”引導主語從句時，謂語動詞：

1）常與其后的名詞作表語一致2）根據句子的語境而定。

主語從句需注意的問題2.主語從句中用陳述語序Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.主語從句練習

1．______theyaremostinterestedinishowtheycanproducemoreandbettercars.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhatD.That2．______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever4.______surprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell..A.ThatB.WhatC.ThatD.WhenCBCB5.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If…doB.That…doC.If…doesD.That…does6.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthat B.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat7.It‘suncertain(不確定）________theexhibitionwillbeholdinShanghai.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how8.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.WhichDCAD9____wecan'thaveseemsbetterthanthatwehave.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.whose10.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.Who C.That D.Whether11.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If.B.WhetherC.ThatD.Where12._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedby(由……決定）

theCEO.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.WhoCBDA13._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That14._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody15._______teamwillwinthematchisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.HowAAC17.

_______theycansolvethequestionisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhichC.WhetherD.What18._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybody.A.WhyB.WhatC.ThatD.Who19.____isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It16._____weneedmorepracticeisquiteobvious.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD./Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,

when，who,why,how

or

that.1.(_____isneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.3.(_____wewillgotomorrow)hasn’t

beendecidedyet.2.(______theywillarrive)hasbeentoldtotheteacher.4.(______canjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher.5.(________itwillrainornot)isnotclear.7.(______theearthisasolidball)isknowntousall.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhetherThat6.(____theearthisbecomingwarm)isagoodtopicforresearch.Why主語從句的規律：

找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結規律例1.Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.規律一、主語從句一律用陳述語序，即主語在前，謂語在后。正：Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.主語從句的規律：

例2.Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正：Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.規律二、連詞that在從句中無實際意義，但不能省略。主語從句的規律：例3.Ifthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.正：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.規律三、whether可以引導主語從句，放在句首，但if不能主語從句的規律：例4.

Thatwhetherhewillhelpothersisafact.正：Thathewillhelpothersisafact.規律四、主語從句中的連詞不能重疊使用。主語從句的規律：例5.Whenhewillcomeareapuzzle.正：Whenhewillcomeisapuzzle.規律五、含主語從句的主句謂語動詞多用單數第三人稱形式。主語從句的規律：1.Whatheneedsisthatbook.2.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.規律六、what引導的主語從句，可根據表語決定主句動詞的單復數形式。規律七、主語從句為了避免頭重腳輕現

象，用it做形式主語，而

把從句放在后面。

Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.

Itisknowntoallthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.【常見錯誤展示】下列各句均有一處錯誤，請改正并分析錯誤的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Thatthat雖無詞義但引導主語從句位于句首時不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引導位于主句之前的主語從句，它可以引導位于主句之后帶有形式主語it的主語從句。3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.Whatthat引導主語從句時無詞義。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所說的”。將will置于trees之后。主語從句要用陳述句語序。5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.引導讓步狀語從句時二者可互換，但引導名詞性從句時只能用whoever。Whoever主語從句表示單一概念時，謂語要用單數形式。remain7.Whatwereyourproblemsayearagohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.has要改為have。主語從句表示復數概念時，謂語要用復數形式。have在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that從句”中，從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語用“should+動詞原形”，should可省略。(should)make1.____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江2008)A.Anyone B.Theone C.Whoever D.Who2.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全國卷Ⅱ)What B.Why C.Where D.Which高考鏈接3.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.(上海2002春)A.What B.That C.This D.Which4.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(NMET1996)A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how解析:what引導主語從句,在從句中做do的賓語6.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat__Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(2004上海)A.asB.whichC.whatD.that解析:Ithought是插入語,可以把它去掉不考慮。what引導賓語從句,在從句中作主語。賓語從句作at的賓語。7.___intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.（2005上海）

A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires解析:“Itisrequiredthat…”是一個固定句式,it作形式主語,that引導的從句為真正的主語。8.___the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.[高考真題]A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That答案是C。“2000年奧林匹克運動會是否在北京舉行還不知道。”9.___hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.[高考真題]A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter答案是C。“他在會上的發言使到會的每一個人都感到驚訝”what表示“(所說的話)”,相當于Thewords(that+/which)hesaidatthemeeting…10.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.[高考真題]A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who答案是C。“誰最后離開房間應關燈。”whoever意為“無論誰”,引導主語從句,并在從句中作主語。若選A或B,anyone或theperson后應回who,使其成為由who引導的定語從句,修飾anyone或person.注：這些詞還可引導副詞性從句。11.___hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.[高考真題]A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What答案是B。“他變成了富翁,這是我們鎮上下班人人皆知的事。”根據句意,須用that引導的主語從句。that在從句中不擔任任何成分,只起連接作用。12.___Ineedismoretime.A.ThatB.WhatC./D.Which答案是B。“我所需要的是更多的時間。”根據題意,應選what引志的主語從句,what在職從句中作賓語(what=thethingwhich).主語從句的關聯詞不能省略,故排除C。which表示“哪一個”,that無詞義,都與句意不符,故排除。13.______isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.（福建2008）A.It B.WhatC.As D.Which[點撥]what引導主語從句并且在從句中作sayanddo的賓語。用that/whether/if//where/how/when/why/who/what/which/howmuch/etc.

來連接主語從句.Summary:SubjectClause3.引導主語從句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主語的whether/if都可以.2.That在主語從句中不能省略.4.有時為了使句子結構平衡,避免“頭重腳輕”,常用it作形式主語,而把從句放在后面.5.主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。主語從句后置!

為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--由連詞whether和if,連接代詞what，who，which和連接副詞when，where，why，how等引導,也常常后置。Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.

注解：一般來說主語從句都是放在

,但有時為了使句子

,避免”頭重腳輕”,常用

作

，從而把主語從句放在

．

_____theyarebadlyinneedofhelpisobvious.

isobviousthattheyarebadlyinneedofhelp.③Has

beenannouncedwhentheplanewilltakeoff?(That/It)

句首保持平衡

it

形式主語后面ThatIt

it

homework

correct1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Ifthepolicemanwillcomeisno