高中英語句子成分及詞性類型第一頁，共31頁。詞類名詞代詞形容詞副詞動詞數(shù)詞連詞介詞冠詞感嘆詞China;pencil;salt;power…they;itself;that;who;any…beautiful;round;exciting…quite;luckily;almost;very…buy;die;have;will;must;be…one;first;ten;tenth…and;but;while;because;after…at;in;with;by;on;for;of…an;a;theOh;ouch;aha…第一頁第二頁，共31頁。詞類短語句子成分主語謂語賓語表語補語定語狀語同位語獨立成分修飾成分句子按結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句并列句復合句按功能陳述句疑問句祈使句感嘆句基本句型(getup;sothat;lookfor)第二頁第三頁，共31頁。詞類（10個）名詞：人名Mike地名America動物名pig植物名tree抽象名詞idea(主意)knowledge(知識)代詞：（人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞）動詞：walkthinkamisare形容詞：修飾名詞高矮胖瘦白富美……副詞：修飾動詞介詞:名詞的“好哥們”;atbyinon“四大要犯”連詞：連接單詞短語句子；不單獨使用and、but、or、so、if、when…數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞冠詞：定冠詞the不定冠詞a\an;不單獨使用;與名詞搭配感嘆詞：oh!Ah!well!第三頁第四頁，共31頁。根據(jù)對詞類概念的理解，指出下面單詞的詞類：

1deep2.finger3.fly4.papers5.pass6refuse7.size8.spoon9.delicious10.thick11.town12.map13.myself14.and15.on16sheep17ship18mine19important20an21catch22first23laugh24third25leave26here27fly28home29round30sing31blind32but33eighth34about35bad36yours37child38against39ah40with41cinema42Tuesday43cheap44advice45two46they47able48for49say50quickly51if

52.whether

第四頁第五頁，共31頁。根據(jù)常見的后綴辨別下列單詞的詞性。

1scientist2singer3conversation

4beautiful5loudly6famous

7government8dangerous9instruction

10careful11lively12safeties

13national14traditional15illnesses

16wonderful17competitions18station

19successful20natural21illnesses

22lovely23really24friendly

25usually26yearly27advertisement

第五頁第六頁，共31頁。句子成分的分析（7個）英語的基本成分有六種：主語（subject）------S謂語（predicate）-----V賓語（object）-----O表語（predicative）------P定語（attribute）------Attri.狀語(adverbial)------Adv.補語（objectcomplement）-----oc第六頁第七頁，共31頁。主語謂語賓語觀察下面一個例句，你能找到句中的“主語”

、“謂語”、“賓語”嗎?因此這是個典型的“主謂賓”句型。Ibeatyou.主語謂語賓語SVOIteachyouEnglish.Youarebeaten.主語是動作的發(fā)出者或承受者。Wearegoodfriends.WhatIwanttodoisjointheparty.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.TolearnEnglishisdifficult.名詞、代詞從句或非謂語動詞第七頁第八頁，共31頁。我們再想一想什么是謂語(Predicate)謂語表示一個動作、行為，是由動詞充當?shù)摹teachyouEnglish.一個句子能不能沒有謂語？謂語不能賓語(Object)又是什么？

動詞賓語：Iloveyou.介詞賓語：Iwanttogivethisbooktoyou.Hetoldmethathefeltlonely.Helikesswimming.賓語一般由名詞、代詞充當。也可以是一個從句或非謂語動詞。及物動詞vt.介賓第八頁第九頁，共31頁。定語(Attributive):定語的作用？用于修飾、限定名詞或代詞。定語一般由？？？充當。girl定語還可以由名詞充當，表用途。apencilbox形容詞

beautifulaPractice:

aninterestingbookThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.ameetingtoattendThemanoverthereThebooksontheshelf從句非謂語動詞副詞（詞組)介詞（詞組）第九頁第十頁，共31頁。狀語(Adverbial)狀語是用于修飾副詞、形容詞、動詞或句子的成分。狀語一般由副詞充當。Thoseproblemsareprettyhard.Theymanagedtofinishthejob,beforeMonday.

Theoldmansatonthebench,enjoyingthesunset.Ashewasleavingtheoffice,itstartedtorain.介詞詞組（現(xiàn)在分詞詞組）（時間狀語從句）第十頁第十一頁，共31頁。補語(Complement)Hemadehissistercry.Hissisterwasmadetocry.補語是用于補充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。補語一般由名詞或形容詞充當。Don’tleavemealone.(OC)主語補語賓語補足語Practice:EveryonecallshimJack.HeiscalledJack.Shelaidthebabyonthebed.(prep.)Isawhimrushingintotheclassroom.第十一頁第十二頁，共31頁。表語(Complement)Timeisup.(adv.)Theyareintheclassroom.(prep.)Theplaceiswherewefirstmeteachother.1）持續(xù)系動詞：keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand2）表像系動詞：用來表示“看起來像”

seem,appear,look3）感官系動詞：feel,smell,sound,taste4）變化系動詞：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run5）終止系動詞："證實"，"變成"prove,turnout

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

第十二頁第十三頁，共31頁。同位語(Appositive)同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面，重復指代同一事物。同位語一般由名詞或名詞詞組充當TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.名詞性從句也可以充當同位語（修飾抽象名詞為多）Thenewsthathewentabroadsurprisedme.第十三頁第十四頁，共31頁。插入語的還可以是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或從句。

1.Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithyou.2.Strictlyspeaking,youarewrong.3.This,inmyopinion,isonlyasimplequestion.4.Bytheway,whereisXiaoLi.5.Sureenough,enemyplanescameagainthenextday.6.Honestly,Idon’tneeditatthemoment.7.Youarenotquitefitforthiskindofwork,ifImaysayso.第十四頁第十五頁，共31頁。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)（5個）1.S+V(主+謂)2.S+V+P（主+系+表）3.S+V+O（主+謂+賓）4.S+V+o+O（主+謂+間賓+直賓）5.S+V+O+OC（主+謂+賓+賓補）第十五頁第十六頁，共31頁。判斷下列各句句子的基本句型MrBlackisEnglish.Theteachertaughtussomegrammarrules.Thefarmerdugupthesoil.Shefoundherringlost.Sheleftherjobunfinished.SVIODOSVOSVOCSVOCSVPThegreatpoetlivedinthe18thcentury.Sheintroducedherfriendstous.Thetape-recorderisonthedesk.Theguestshavejustarrived.Shelaidthebabyonthebed.第十六頁第十七頁，共31頁。練習（一）.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.主定語賓語謂語狀語定語狀語第十七頁第十八頁，共31頁。6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.11.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.12.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.定語表語賓語主語謂語目的狀語賓語形式賓語真正賓語表語賓語第十八頁第十九頁，共31頁。(二)。劃分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow？5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.第十九頁第二十頁，共31頁。9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.第二十頁第二十一頁，共31頁。17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?第二十一頁第二十二頁，共31頁。25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.第二十二頁第二十三頁，共31頁。33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedtome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.第二十三頁第二十四頁，共31頁。Bye-bye!第二十四頁第二十五頁，共31頁。三種句子簡單句并列句復合句第二十五頁第二十六頁，共31頁。簡單句的基本詞序主語 動詞部分 賓語 狀語 （謂語） 方式 地點 時間I bought ahat yesterday.Thechildren ran home.Thetaxidrivershoutedatme angrily.We ate ourmeal in