溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動鼠標滾軸，調節合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關閉Word文檔返回原板塊。核心素養測評三十五選修6Module5Cloning(限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AInthe1950s,CentralAmericanmercialbananagrowerswerefacingthedeathoftheirmosteconomicalproduct,theGrosMichelbanana.Nowit’shappeningagaintoitssuccessor—theCavendish.Withitseasilytransported,thickskinnedandsweettastingfruit,theGrosMichelbananaplantdominatedtheplantationsofCentralAmerica.UnitedFruit,themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime,massproduceditsbananasinthemostefficientwaypossible:itclonedshootsfromthestemsofplantsinsteadofgrowingplantsfromseeds,andcultivatedthemindenselypackedfields.Unfortunately,theseconditionsarealsoperfectforthespreadofthefungus(真菌),whichattackstheplant’srootsandpreventsitfromtransportingwatertothestemandleaves.TheTR1strainofthefunguswasresistanttocropspraysandtravelledaroundonbootsorthetyresoftrucks,slowlyinfectingplantationsacrosstheregion.Inanattempttoescapethefungus,farmersabandonedinfectedfields,floodedthemandthenreplantedcropssomewhereelse,oftencuttingdownrainforesttodoso.Theireffortsfailed.Sotheysearchedforavarietyofbananasthatthefungusdidn’taffect.TheyfoundtheCavendish,whichwasn’taswellsuitedtoshippingastheGrosMichel,butitsbananastastedgoodenoughtokeepconsumershappy.Mostimportantly,TR1didn’tseemtoaffectit.Inafewyears,UnitedFruithadsaveditselffrombankruptcybyfillingitsplantationswiththousandsofthenewplants.However,theCavendishbananaitselfisfarfromsafe.In2015,theexportsofCavendishbananashaddroppedby46percentthankstoabinationofanotherstrainofthefungus,TR4,andbadweather.Racingagainsttheinevitable,scientistsareworkingonsolvingtheproblembygeneticallymodifyingtheCavendishwithgenesfromTR4resistantbananaspecies.Researchershavesuccessfullygrowntwokindsofmodifiedplantswhichhaveremainedresistantforthreeyearssofar.ButsomeexpertsthinkthisisjustaplicatedversionofthesametemporarysolutiontheoriginalCavendishprovided.Ifthenewbananasareplantedinthesamemonoculture(單種栽培)astheCavendishandtheGrosMichel,theriskisthatanotherstrainofthediseasemayriseuptothreatenthemodifiedplantstoo.【文章大意】本文主要講了香蕉種植者不斷提高香蕉抵御病毒的能力,然后作者提到了轉基因香蕉。1.Massproducedbananasare.

A.grownfromseedsbecauseit’sefficientB.clonedbecauseit’sfastandcheaptogrowthemC.sweeterthanotherbananasD.exportedtoCentralAmerica【解析】選B。細節理解題。根據第二段的UnitedFruit,themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime...itclonedshootsfromthestemsofplantsinsteadofgrowingplantsfromseeds,andcultivatedthemindenselypackedfields.可知該大規模生產的香蕉是農民克隆而成的。所以選B。2.ThespreadoftheTR1strainwas.

A.causedbylackofwaterB.spedupbythefloodingofbananafieldsC.sloweddownbycropsprayingD.helpedbythemovementofpeopleandvehicles【解析】選D。細節理解題。根據第三段的...andtravelledaroundonbootsorthetyresoftrucks,slowlyinfectingplantationsacrosstheregion.可知這種病毒可以通過待在卡車的行李箱或輪胎上進行傳播。所以選D。3.Geneticallymodifiedbananasmay.

A.meanfarmerscangrowtheGrosMichelagainB.causefarmerstorepeatthemistakesofthepastC.encouragefarmerstotrynewgrowingmethodsD.onlybeashorttermsolution【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據最后一段的...isjustaplicatedversionofthesametemporarysolutiontheoriginalCavendishprovided.可知,這僅僅是一個臨時的解決方案。4.Howwouldyoudescribethewriter’sopinionaboutthefutureoftheCavendish?A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic.C.Cautious. D.Uninterested.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據最后一段的Ifthenewbananasareplantedinthesamemonoculture...theriskisthatanotherstrainofthediseasemayriseuptothreatenthemodifiedplantstoo.可知,作者對theCavendish的未來還是有點擔憂,希望能謹慎行事。故作者對香蕉轉基因的態度是小心謹慎的,所以選C。【知識拓展】長難句分析UnitedFruit,themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime,massproduceditsbananasinthemostefficientwaypossible:itclonedshootsfromthestemsofplantsinsteadofgrowingplantsfromseeds,andcultivatedthemindenselypackedfields.分析:句子主語是UnitedFruit。themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime是UnitedFruit的同位語。謂語是massproduced。賓語是itsbananas。inthemostefficientwaypossible作狀語。冒號后面對way作了具體的解釋說明。翻譯:UnitedFruit,那時南美主要的種植者和出口者,以最有效的方法大規模生產香蕉:它從植物的莖上克隆幼苗,而不是用種子育苗,然后在密集的田地里種植它們。BAresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomedegreeourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomedegreesomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeintelligent.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbepletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.【文章大意】本文主要講述的是遺傳和環境都對智力起著重要的作用。5.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthataman’sintelligenceisgiventohim.

A.atbirthB.througheducationC.bothatbirthandthrougheducationD.throughenvironmentofhisfamily【解析】選C。細節理解題。根據第一段的Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligence...willdependonhisenvironment.”可知,一個人的智力在出生時就固定了,但能否達到極限,要視后天的環境而定。以及第二段的描述Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomedegreesomethingwearebornwith.可知作者贊同的觀點是,人的智力受到出生和教育的影響。故選C。6.Ifachildisbornwithhighintelligence,hecan.

A.surelybeeageniusB.stillbeeageniusifheisn’tgivengoodeducationC.reachhisintelligencelimitsthroughhisowneffortsD.probablyreachhisintelligencelimitsinrichandvariedsurroundings【解析】選D。細節理解題。根據第一段的內容“Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.”可知,一個人的智力在出生時就固定了,但能否達到極限,要視后天的環境而定。以及上句achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.生活在無聊環境中的孩子沒有生活在富足多變環境中的孩子智力發展得快。可知一個出生時高智商的孩子,可能在富有的環境中達到他的智力極限。故選D。7.Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows.

A.theimportanceoftheirintelligenceB.theroleofenvironmentonintelligenceC.theimportanceoftheirpositionsD.thepartthatbirthplays【解析】選B。細節理解題。根據第二段的Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.我們很快能發現他們智力發展的區別,這就暗示了環境和出生一樣對智力有影響。故選B。8.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe.

A.OnIntelligenceB.OnGeniusC.DependenceonEnvironmentD.EffectofEducationonIntelligence【解析】選A。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要講述的是遺傳和環境都對智力起著重要的作用。故標題用OnIntelligence合適,故選A。【知識拓展】佳詞積累1.intelligence n.智力2.strangelyenough 奇怪的是3.tosomedegree 在某種程度上4.genius 天才5.atrandom 隨機,任意Ⅱ.完形填空導學號Therewasalmostnoreasonformetosingonmy51stbirthday.Beingrecent“emptynesters”,myhusbandandIweredoingourbestto1tothetooquiethouse.ThiswasadaywhenI2alltogathertogether.Theplan,formy3day,wastomeetourdaughters,JaimeandKatieatafancy4.

Ouryoungest,Katiecalledtosayshemightnotbeableto5thecelebrationdinner.Shehadheavy6earlierthatdayand,withthelongrideahead,shethoughtit7tostayatherownhouseandhaveagoodsleep.

Afterall,thiswasmybaby.Howcouldshemovesofarawayfrommeinthefirstplace?ButtherealityIhadto8wasthatshedidn’tfeeltheneedto9meeveryday.Itmademe10myabilitiesasamother.IfelttearsfallingasI11whatshehadjustsaidtome.Maybeshefeltthe12inmyvoicebecause,onsecond13,shechangedhermind.“But”,shewarned,“Ididn’thavetimeto14youagift.”

WearrivedwithKatiealreadywaitingforusto15.Afterdinnerinit,Katiehandedmeashoppingbag.AsIopenedit,the16warmthfilledmyheartagain:amommysittinginarockingchair,holdinga17inherarms.Theallexplanationsread:18neverleavesamother’sarms.

Igotthemessageloudand19,mydaughterstilllovesmethoughshelivesfarawayfromme,and20muchlessthanI’dlike.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者51歲生日的時候,打給女兒,希望她們回來團聚,但小女兒凱蒂推脫再三后答應了作者的邀請。飯后,女兒送給作者一份禮物,因此作者感受到了女兒也是深深愛自己的。1.A.submit B.adjust C.react D.contribute【解析】選B。根據前文“Beingrecent‘emptynesters’”的描述可知作者最近成為空巢老人,所以需要調整以適應太過于安靜的家。submitto提交,順從;adjustto調整以適應;reactto對……作出反應;contributeto有助于,導致。2.A.attracted B.assistedC.expected D.attached【解析】選C。此處意為這是我期望全家人在一起的一天。attract吸引;assist幫助;expect期望;attach系,捆,依戀。3.A.special B.painful C.exact D.cautious【解析】選A。根據前文可知,今天是作者的生日,作者希望全家人能夠在一起,所以對作者來說今天是特殊的日子。special特別的;painful痛苦的;exact確切的;cautious謹慎的。4.A.market B.shopC.hotel D.restaurant【解析】選D。根據前文修飾詞“fancy”及后文“...thecelebrationdinner”的提示,并結合文化常識可知,此處杰米和凱蒂在一家高級餐廳。market市場;shop商店;hotel旅館;restaurant餐館。

5.A.miss B.hold C.prepare D.attend【解析】選D。句意:我們最小的女兒凱蒂打來說她可能不能參加慶生宴了。miss思念,錯過;hold抓住;prepare準備;attend參加,照顧。6.A.weight B.traffic C.work D.rain【解析】選C。根據后文“withthelongrideahead,shethoughtitto...”可知,那天早些時候工作繁重,而且回家還需要很長的路。weight重量;traffic交通;work工作;rain雨。

7.A.simpler B.better C.wore D.easier【解析】選B。根據前文“Shehadheavyearlierthatdayand,withthelongrideahead...”的描述可知,此處她認為最好還是回自己家休息吧。simpler更簡單的;better更好的;worse更糟的;easier更容易的。

8.A.deny B.stress C.face D.burden【解析】選C。句意:但我不得不面對的現實是,她覺得沒有必要每天給我打。deny否認;stress強調;face面對;burden負擔。9.A.understand B.teachC.visit D.phone【解析】選D。根據前文“Ouryoungest,Katiecalledtosayshemightnotbeabletothecelebrationdinner”可知,此處為原詞復現,我不得不面對的現實是她覺得沒有必要每天給我打。understand理解;teach教;visit參觀,拜訪;phone打。

10.A.possess B.doubtC.acknowledge D.improve【解析】選B。根據前文“ButtherealityIhadtowasthatshedidn’tfeeltheneedtomeeveryday”的描述可知,此處使我懷疑自己作為母親的能力。possess擁有;doubt懷疑;acknowledge承認;improve提高。

11.A.analyzed B.tastedC.repeated D.memorized【解析】選C。根據后文的描述可知,此處當我重復她剛才對我說的話時,我感到眼淚奪眶而出。analyze分析;taste品嘗;repeat重復;memorize記住。12.A.embarrassment B.confusionC.disappointment D.excitement【解析】選C。根據后文“onsecond,shechangedhermind”的描述可知,女兒在思考之后改變自己的想法是因為母親對自己的話感到失望。embarrassment尷尬;confusion困惑;disappointment失望;excitement興奮。

13.A.thought B.assessmentC.grade D.sigh【解析】選A。根據后文“shechangedhermind”的描述可知,此處thought與mind對應,即再次思考后。thought思考,想法;assessment評價;grade分數,成績,年級;sigh嘆氣。14.A.award B.spare C.buy D.show【解析】選C。根據后文“Afterdinnerinit,Katiehandedmeashoppingbag.AsIopenedit...”的提示可知,此處女兒說沒時間為我購買禮物。award頒獎;spare勻出,抽出;buy買;show展示。15.A.stayon B.showupC.setoff D.turnaway【解析】選B。句意:我們到達餐廳時,凱蒂已經在等我們出現了。stayon繼續留下;showup出現;setoff出發,引爆;turnaway轉身離開。16.A.perfect B.contradictoryC.dynamic D.previous【解析】選D。根據后文“amommysittinginarockingchair,holdingainherarms”的描述可知,以前的溫暖時光再次充盈著作者的心。perfect完美的;contradictory沖突的;dynamic充滿活力的;previous以前的。

17.A.pet B.baby C.toy D.book【解析】選B。根據前文“Afterall,thiswasmybaby”的提示可知,一個媽媽坐在搖椅里,懷里抱著一個嬰兒。18.A.love B.mercyC.fort D.pity【解析】選A。家永遠是心之所在,無論我們的孩子去哪里,愛永遠不會離開母親的懷抱。love愛;mercy憐憫,仁慈;fort舒適;pity遺憾。19.A.absolute B.entireC.quick D.clear【解析】選D。根據前文“Igotthemessageloud”中“loud”的提示可知,此處用clear“清楚的”前后相對應,且loudandclear屬于習慣用語,意為“一清二楚”。20.A.calls B.pensatesC.emails D.cares【解析】選A。根據前文“ButtherealityIhadtowasthatshedidn’tfeeltheneedtomeeveryday”的提示可知,打的次數比我想的要少。call打;pensate補償,彌補;email發電子郵件;care關心,在乎。

【知識拓展】佳詞積累1.doone’sbest 盡力2.fancy adj.奇特的,美好的3.celebration n.慶祝4.afterall 畢竟5.warmth n.溫暖Ⅲ.語法填空OneofthegreatestconcertsIeverattendednevertookplaceatall.Notquite,anyway.Instead,aviolentthunderstorm,1.cameprettymuchoutofnowhereonasummernight,lefttheSaratogaPerformingArtsCenterwithoutelectricalpower.The2.(expect)stormhitjustminutesbeforethePhiladelphiaOrchestra(交響樂團)wasabouttotakethestagealongwithaguestsoloist,the3.(vio