閱讀了解復習

------篇章結構題

.3.15第1頁Objectives經過練習，討論總結不一樣類型篇章結構題目解題策略。2.利用所學策略，處理閱讀中問題。第2頁

篇章結構題考查同學們在了解全文基礎上對文章所描述事件發展次序（記敘文）、所說明事物結構層次（說明文）或在敘述觀點（議論文）過程中使用方法進行推測、歸納和總結能力。篇章結構類題目標特點：第3頁文章結構了解設問方式:1.問指代1)Theword“everything”inparagraph2means____？2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?第4頁

......Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率),whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.……（湖南，C）3.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“____”.thewaysB.theirhomesC.developmentsD.existingefforts

實例體驗D（）existingeffortshavelargelyignoredthewaysthat...第5頁指代類問題解題策略：仔細分析，正確了解指代詞所在句;(2)前后搜索，圈定答案范圍，以之替換，看句子是否通順;(3)

采取排除法，確定答案。第6頁2.問結構問段落結構Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?篇章結構了解設問方式:2.問文章結構

1）Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby____?2)Whichofthefollowingshowthestructure/organizationofthepassage?第7頁1.問段落結構

（選出最正確選項并總結解題思緒）Iwasneverneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(貼標簽)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Ihearherscreaming,“takeyoushoesaway!Whyundermybed!”deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.(重慶，A)HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?byanalyzingthecauses.B.byshowingdifferences.C.bydescribingaprocess.D.byfollowingtimeorder.第8頁背景知識補充：常見寫作方式及提醒語：1.舉例。常見提醒語forexample,forinstant等。2.對比。常見提醒語like，unlike，but,however,while等。2.時間次序。常見提醒詞，明確時間狀語，later，then,afterwards等。3.空間次序。4.邏輯次序：常見提醒詞because,therefore,asaresult,besides,inaddition,inaword,inshort等。第9頁常見文體文章基本結構

高考英語閱讀了解常考查體裁有三種，分別是、、和。它們都分別有自己基本結構。記敘文說明文議論文背景知識補充2.問文章結構

第10頁1.記敘文基本結構NarrativewritingsStorypresentationEnding第11頁2．說明文基本結構DescriptivewritingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)Conclusion第12頁3.議論文基本結構ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupportingsentences第13頁2.問文章結構

閱讀短文，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最正確答案，并總結解題思緒。（見學案：問文章結構：實例分析）第14頁段落/文章結構題解題策略：4）對比選項定答案1）抓文章中心句重視文章首段和尾段2）抓段落中心句重視段落首句和尾句

總分式結構3）看段落邏輯關系對照式結構

并列式結構一正一反平行關系相互獨立第15頁3.問文章后續1)Whatmaybetalkedaboutafterthelastparagraph?2)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss____？篇章結構了解設問方式:第16頁Mostpeoplewhomovetoaforeigncountryorculturemaygothroughsomeformofcultureshock…Itisimportanttounderstandandlearnhowtodealwithcultureshock...Therearefourgeneralstagesofculturaladjustment….Thefirststageisusuallyreferredto…Butitisn’tlongbeforethehoneymoonstagegiveswaytothesecondstage…Atsomepoint,ifyoucanmanageitwell,you’llbeginthetransitionintothenextstage…Atthisstage,you'lldealwithnewchallengeswithhumorratherthananxiety.4.Whatwouldbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?Consequencesofcultureshock.Challengesinanewcountry.C.Preparationsforanewculture. D.The4thstageofculturaladjustment.

實例體驗：完成下面練習，并總結解題方法。

D第17頁文章后續題目解題策略：3）注意最終一段，尤其留心最終幾句1）通讀全文，把握文章主旨2）關注段落邏輯關系，分析框架結構第18頁鞏固練習見學案第19頁Everydayandineverywaywe’regettingbetter!第20頁鞏固練習：（見學案）Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuilding,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevator’sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheevaluatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,whichcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally(水平地)，andelevatorspushingthemtowardlifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical(垂直)columns.(湖北，E)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraphIreferto?thegeneralviewofelevators.B.theparticularinterestsofexperts.C.thedesireforaremarkablemachine.D.theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.A第21頁鞏固練習：（學案）

Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad---baselayer(層)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing,followedbythepneumatictyre(充氣輪胎)in1846.Alloywheelswereinventedin1967,sixtyyears