BiodiversityStrategyandActionPlanintheYellowRiverBasininHenan

Province河南省黃河流域生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2024-2030年）目錄CONTENTS123生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略和行動(dòng)計(jì)劃StrategyofBiodiversityConservationandAction

Plan45河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護(hù)優(yōu)先區(qū)域PriorityAreasofBiodiversity

Conservation介紹Introduction 河南黃河流域生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值和保護(hù)狀況BiodiversityValuesand

Conservation生物多樣性保護(hù)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)Challengesforbiodiversity

conservation介紹Introduction河

南

黃

河

流

域

位

于

河

南

省

中

北

部

，

地

理

坐

標(biāo)

在

東

經(jīng)110°21′~116°6′，北緯33°39′~36°7′之間。本項(xiàng)目具體研究范圍是指水文意義上的黃河流域。自陜西潼關(guān)進(jìn)入河南，西起靈寶市，東至臺(tái)前縣，河道總長(zhǎng)711公里，流域面積3.6萬(wàn)平方公里，占黃河流域總面積的5%，占河南省總面積的21.7%，涉及10個(gè)省轄市（濟(jì)源示范區(qū)）52個(gè)縣（市、區(qū)）。TheYellowRiverBasininHenanProvinceislocatedinthenorthcentralpartofHenanProvince.Itsgeographicalcoordinatesarebetween110°21′~116°6′Eand33°39′~36°7′N(xiāo).TheYellowRiverentersHenanfromTongguan,ShaanxiProvince,startsfromLingbaoCityintheWestandreachesTaiqianCountyintheEast.Thetotallengthoftherivercourseis711kmandthedrainageareais36,000squarekilometers,accountingfor5%ofthetotalareaoftheYellowRiverBasinand21.7%ofthetotalareaofHenanProvince.Thescopeoftheprojectinvolves10provincialcities(Jiyuandemonstrationarea)and52counties(citiesanddistricts).TopographicandGeomorphicDistributionMapofHenan

Province項(xiàng)目范圍Project

Background項(xiàng)目范圍Project

Background項(xiàng)目區(qū)共涉及常住人口3,054.51萬(wàn)人，城鎮(zhèn)化率60%，人口密度603人/平方公里。項(xiàng)目區(qū)土地總面積390萬(wàn)公頃，其中耕地210萬(wàn)公頃，占總面積的53.76%；水域13萬(wàn)公頃，占3.3%；林地82萬(wàn)公頃，21.11%；草地35萬(wàn)公頃，占9.07%；建設(shè)用地49萬(wàn)公頃，占12.70%。The

project

areainvolvesatotalof30.5451millionpermanentresidents,withanurbanizationrateof60%andapopulationdensityof603peoplepersquarekilometer.Thetotallandareaoftheprojectareais3.9millionhectares,ofwhich2.1millionhectaresarecultivatedland,accountingfor53.76%ofthetotalarea;130,000hectaresofwater,accountingfor3.3%;820,000hectaresofforestland,accountingfor21.11%;350,000hectaresofgrassland,accountingfor9.07%;490,000hectaresofconstructionland,accountingfor

12.70%.演示者2023-05-24

16:07:11--------------------------------------------河南黃河流域因?yàn)槿丝诒姸啵陨鷳B(tài)保護(hù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的矛盾尤為突出。該區(qū)域涉及常駐人口達(dá)3000多萬(wàn)人，耕地面積占土地面積的53.76%。從圖中可以看出，西部的伏牛山北坡、小秦嶺地區(qū)，生態(tài)環(huán)境良好。但是在中下游地區(qū)，即使在黃河灘地，農(nóng)業(yè)和生產(chǎn)建設(shè)活動(dòng)仍然很多。項(xiàng)目描述

Project

Profile：項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：河南省黃河流域項(xiàng)目周期：2022年1月21日-2023年12月31日項(xiàng)目資金：30萬(wàn)美元執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)：河南省林業(yè)局實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)：河南省林業(yè)生態(tài)建設(shè)發(fā)展中心項(xiàng)目目的：支持河南省政府部門(mén)加強(qiáng)河南省黃河流域的生物多樣性保護(hù)ProjectLocation:YellowRiverbasininHenan

ProvinceDuration:January21,2022toDecember31,

2023.Amount:USD0.3

millionExecutingagency:HenanForestry

AdministrationImplementingAgency:ForestryEcologicalConstructionDevelopmentCenterof

HFA.Objective:SupportrelevantdepartmentsofHenanProvincetostrengthenthebiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverBasininHenan

Province項(xiàng)目概述ProjectProfileand

Introduction項(xiàng)目成果和產(chǎn)出

Project

Outcome

and

Outputs：項(xiàng)目成果：加強(qiáng)河南省黃河生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)保護(hù)Outcome:ConservationofYellowRiverbiodiversityandecosystemservicesinHenanProvince

strengthened產(chǎn)出

1：分析省級(jí)保護(hù)政策框架和黃河生物多樣性及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值Output1:AnalysisofprovincialconservationpolicyframeworkandYellowRiverbiodiversityandecosystemservicevalues

produced.產(chǎn)出

2：編制河南省黃河流域五年生物多樣性戰(zhàn)略和行動(dòng)計(jì)劃

Output2:Five-yearBiodiversitystrategyandactionplanfortheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince

prepared.產(chǎn)出

3：加強(qiáng)生物多樣性保護(hù)方面的知識(shí)和能力Output3:Knowledgeandcapacityonbiodiversityconservation

enhanced.項(xiàng)目概述ProjectProfileand

Introduction啟動(dòng)報(bào)告、中期報(bào)告、終期報(bào)告Inception

report,

midtermreport

and

final

report一份河南省黃河流域五年生物多樣性戰(zhàn)略和行動(dòng)計(jì)劃

A

Five-year

BSAPofHenan

Province

intheYellowRiver

Basin三份技術(shù)指南

Three

technical

guidelines

for

biodiversity

conservation一份關(guān)于技援調(diào)查結(jié)果的技術(shù)書(shū)籍

Atechnical

book

publication

on

theTA

findings一份簡(jiǎn)短的視頻紀(jì)錄片A

brief

video

documentary一份政策簡(jiǎn)報(bào)A

policy

brief兩次技術(shù)培訓(xùn)Two

technical

trainings項(xiàng)目成果Deliverables技援團(tuán)隊(duì)Team

IntroductionPositionNameof

SpecialistOrganizationNationalTeamLeader/Wetland

Specialist國(guó)內(nèi)組長(zhǎng)/濕地專(zhuān)家ZHANGMingxiang張明祥BeijingForestry

University北京林業(yè)大學(xué)NationalDeputyTeamLeader/Forest

Ecologist國(guó)內(nèi)副組長(zhǎng)/森林生態(tài)專(zhuān)家YANDongfeng閆東鋒HenanAgricultural

University河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)InternationalBiodiversityandConservationPlanning

Specialist國(guó)際生物多樣性和保護(hù)規(guī)劃專(zhuān)家Christoph

ZOCKLERSelf-employed獨(dú)立專(zhuān)家NationalNaturalCapitalandEcosystemServices

Specialist國(guó)內(nèi)自然資本和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)專(zhuān)家XIE

Gaodi謝高地University of Science andTechnologyof

China中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)NationalPolicyandLegal

Specialist國(guó)內(nèi)政策和法律專(zhuān)家LI

Zhou李周Self-employed獨(dú)立專(zhuān)家NationalFinance

Specialist國(guó)內(nèi)財(cái)務(wù)專(zhuān)家YAOShunbo姚順波NorthwestA&F

University西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)NationalHydrologicalandClimateChange

Specialist國(guó)內(nèi)水文和氣候變化專(zhuān)家XU

Hongmei許紅梅NationalClimate

Center中國(guó)氣象局國(guó)家氣候中心NationalGeographicInformationSystemandMapping

Specialist國(guó)內(nèi)地理信息系統(tǒng)和制圖專(zhuān)家DENG

Tan鄧坦HenanForestryInvestigationandPlanning

Institute河南省林業(yè)調(diào)查規(guī)劃院NAREEProject

Manager納睿項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理LIYue李?lèi)侼AREENAREEProject

Assistant納睿項(xiàng)目助理SHEN

Xuanrong申軒榕NAREENAREEProject

Director納睿項(xiàng)目總監(jiān)WANG

Mengjue王夢(mèng)玨NAREENAREEProject

Director納睿項(xiàng)目總監(jiān)ZHOULijun周麗君NAREE生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值和保護(hù)狀況BiodiversityValuesand

Conservation河南是中國(guó)生物多樣性最豐富的省份之一，重點(diǎn)野生動(dòng)植物物種保護(hù)率達(dá)95%。河南省黃河流域位于我國(guó)第二階梯和第三階梯的過(guò)渡地區(qū)，地處氣候帶交匯區(qū)，是我國(guó)生物多樣性的關(guān)鍵地帶，是我國(guó)中西部重要生態(tài)保護(hù)屏障和物種基因庫(kù)。河南黃河流域植被分布具有明顯的地帶性；黃河干流及其支流魚(yú)類(lèi)資源豐富，三門(mén)峽水庫(kù)和小浪底水庫(kù)是大型魚(yú)類(lèi)聚集地；河南黃河流域也是候鳥(niǎo)的重要越冬地和繁殖地，已知觀(guān)測(cè)到的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)約有336種，其中國(guó)家一級(jí)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)有20種。HenanisoneoftheprovinceswiththerichestbiodiversityinPRC,withakeywildlifespeciesconservationrateof95%.TheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceislocatedinthetransitionareabetweenthePRC’sSecondandThirdLadder,andissituatedatthenorth-southclimategeographicboundaryofPRC.IthasthespecialgeographicallocationandisakeyzoneofbiodiversityinPRCandanimportantecologicalprotectionbarrierandspeciesgenepoolincentralandwesternPRC.ThevegetationcharacteristicsoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvincehaveobviouszonalcharacteristics,influencedbyclimateandtopography,showingthetransitionalnatureofdifferentzonesandthecomplexity.ThemainstreamofYellowRiveranditstributariesarerichinfishresources.TheSanmenxiaReservoirandXiaolangdiReservoirarelargefishgatheringplaces.TheYellowRiverbasininHenanisanimportantwinteringareaandrestingplaceformigratorybirds.Thereare20nationalscheduleIprotectedwildlifespeciesand53nationalscheduleIIprotectedspeciesintheTA

area.TopographicandGeomorphicDistributionMapofHenan

Province01

概述Overview銀杏（分布廣泛，嵩縣集中分布）Ginkgobiloba(widely

distributed,concentratedinSong

County)紅豆杉（分布廣泛）Taxuschinensis(widely

distributed)南方紅豆杉（分布廣泛）Taxuschinensisvar.mairei

(widelydistributed)02項(xiàng)目區(qū)生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值BiodiversityValuesintheProject

Area植物Plant根據(jù)《國(guó)家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物名錄（2021年）》，河南黃河流域存在國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)植物7種，分別為：銀杏、紅豆杉、南方紅豆杉、水杉、紫斑牡丹、曲莖石斛、華山新麥草。Accordingtothe"ListofNationalKeyProtectedWildAnimalsandPlants(2021)",thereare7nationalschedule1protectedplantsintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince,namely:Ginkgobiloba,Taxuswallichianavar.chinensis,Taxuswallichianavar.mairei,Metasequoiaglyptostroboides,Paeoniasuffruticosavar.papaveracea,Dendrobiumflexicaule,Psathyrostachys

huashanica.水杉（伏牛山）Metasequoiaglyptostroboides(Funiu

Mountain)紫斑牡丹Paeonia

rockii曲莖石斛Dendrobiumflexicaule華山新麥草Psathyrostachys

huashanica02項(xiàng)目區(qū)生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值BiodiversityValuesintheProject

Area生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值

Biodiversity

Values哺乳動(dòng)物

Mammals區(qū)域內(nèi)共有62種哺乳動(dòng)物。國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)哺乳動(dòng)物4種，分別為豹、豺、大靈貓、林麝。AccordingtothepointdatadistributionmapintheChineseMammalsGuide(2008),62mammalspecieshavebeenrecordedintheTAarea.Thereare4nationalfirst-classprotectedmammals,namely,Pantherapardus，Cuonalpinus,Viverrazibetha,andMoschus

berezovskii.鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)

Birds黃河流域濕地是遷徙候鳥(niǎo)的重要越冬地和停歇地，有336個(gè)物種。包括20個(gè)受?chē)?guó)家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)一級(jí)保護(hù)的物種和另外53種二級(jí)保護(hù)的物種。一級(jí)保護(hù)物種包括青頭潛鴨、中華秋沙鴨、大鴇、卷羽鵜鶘、小青腳鷸、彩鹮、獵隼、黃胸鹀

、2種鸛類(lèi)、3種鶴類(lèi)、7種鷹科鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。The

wetlands

in

the

Yellow

RiverBasinareimportantwinteringandrestingplacesformigratorybirds,with 336 species including 20 species under national first-classprotectionand53speciesundersecond-classprotection.First-classprotectedspeciesincludeAythyabaeri，Mergussquamatus，Otistarda，Pelecanuscrispus，Tringaguttifer，Plegadisfalcinellus，F(xiàn)alcocherrug，Emberizaaureola，2speciesofstorks,3speciesofcranes,and7speciesof

eagles林麝Moschusberezovskii大鴇Otis

tarda青頭潛鴨Aythya

baeri02項(xiàng)目區(qū)生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值BiodiversityValuesintheProject

Area爬行動(dòng)物

Reptiles河南現(xiàn)生爬行動(dòng)物計(jì)有2目8科28種。其中烏龜為國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物。Thereare28speciesofreptileslivinginHenan,belongingto8familiesand2orders.Amongthem,theMauremysreevesiiisanationalsecondlevelprotected

animal.兩棲動(dòng)物Amphibians河南省現(xiàn)有兩棲動(dòng)物計(jì)有2目6科13種。大鯢和寧陜齒突蟾2種為國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物，其中大鯢為我國(guó)特有珍稀瀕危兩棲動(dòng)物。Thereare13speciesofamphibiansinHenanprovince,belongingto2ordersand6families.Amongthem,twospecies,AndriasdavidianusandScutigerningshanensis,aresecond-classprotectedanimalsinChina,andthegiantsalamanderisarareandendangeredamphibianuniqueto

China.魚(yú)類(lèi)

Fish河南黃河流域的魚(yú)類(lèi)117種，分別隸屬于9目24科69屬。鯉科各亞科屬種分布變化鯉科是最大科，分布于9個(gè)亞科

。Thereare117speciesoffishintheYellowRiverBasininHenanprovince,belongingto9orders,24families,and69genera.TheCyprinusfamilyisthelargestfamily,distributedin9

subfamilies.黃河鯉魚(yú)Cyprinus

carpio大鯢Andrias

davidianus虎紋蛙Hoplobatrachusrugulosus02項(xiàng)目區(qū)生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值BiodiversityValuesintheProject

Area03

生物多樣性保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀Conservation

Status保護(hù)區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

Protected

area

network現(xiàn)有自然保護(hù)地85個(gè)，面積占流域總面積的10.20%。自然保護(hù)區(qū)、濕地公園等各類(lèi)自然保護(hù)地的設(shè)立，使項(xiàng)目區(qū)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)率達(dá)到95%以上。nationalwetlandparks,whicharemainlydistributedinthecoastalareasofthemainandtributariesoftheYellowRiverbasin.The

key河南省黃河流域重點(diǎn)的森林保護(hù)地和以森林為生境的野生動(dòng)物類(lèi)型的自然保護(hù)地包括3個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)、3個(gè)省級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)和11個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)森林公園，總面積27.26萬(wàn)公頃，其中黃河流域重點(diǎn)森林保護(hù)地面積14.23萬(wàn)公頃。ThekeyforestprotectedareasintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceandtheprotectedareasofwildlifewithforestsashabitatinclude3nationalnaturereserves,3provincialnaturereservesand11nationalforestparks,withatotalareaof272,600hectares,including142,300hectaresofkeyforestprotectedareasintheYellowRiverbasin.河南省黃河流域重點(diǎn)的濕地保護(hù)地和以濕地為生境的野生動(dòng)物類(lèi)型的自然保護(hù)地共包括2個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)、3個(gè)省級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)和5個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)濕地公園，重點(diǎn)濕地保護(hù)地涉及黃河流域面積12.92萬(wàn)公頃。ThekeywetlandprotectedareasintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceandtheprotectedareasofwildlifewithwetlandashabitatinclude2nationalnaturereserves,3provincialnaturereservesand5nationalwetlandparks,whicharemainlydistributedinthe

coastal流域內(nèi)自然保護(hù)地主要分布在太行山、伏牛山及黃河流域的干支流沿岸地區(qū)，保護(hù)地內(nèi)分布有大量天然林、天然濕地。通過(guò)建立保護(hù)地，有效保護(hù)河南省重要的森林、濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和野生動(dòng)植物物種。TheprotectedareasinthebasinaremainlydistributedintheTaihangMountain,FuniuMountainandthecoastalareasofthemainandtributariesoftheYellowRiverbasin.Therearealargenumberofnaturalforestsandnaturalwetlandsintheprotectedareas.Throughtheestablishmentoftheprotectedareas,itcan

effectively03生物多樣性保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀Conservation

Status保護(hù)成效

Conservation

Effectiveness河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護(hù)工作成效顯著。各級(jí)各類(lèi)保護(hù)地通過(guò)打擊破壞野生動(dòng)物棲息地的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)行動(dòng)和自然保護(hù)地建設(shè)工程，使野生動(dòng)植物棲息地得到有效保護(hù)，一些珍稀、瀕危野生動(dòng)植物的數(shù)量得到明顯增加，流域生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯改善。相對(duì)于未被保護(hù)的臨近區(qū)域，各類(lèi)自然保護(hù)地的植被和野生動(dòng)物棲息地生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯改善，現(xiàn)有的植被得到充分的發(fā)育，物種數(shù)量明顯增加。ThebiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvincehasachievedremarkableresults.Variousprotectedareashaveeffectivelyprotectedthehabitatsofwildanimalsandplantsthroughspecialactionstocombatthedestructionofwildlifehabitatsandnaturereserveconstructionprojects,andthenumbersofsomerareandendangeredwildanimalsandplantshavebeensignificantly

increased.生物多樣性威脅Biodiversity

Threat河南黃河流域生物多樣性遭受威脅的主要原因包括：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化、氣候變化、社區(qū)居民生產(chǎn)生活、重大建設(shè)工程（包括高速公路、水利工程等）、旅游開(kāi)發(fā)、環(huán)境污染、外來(lái)物種入侵等。ThemainthreatstothebiodiversityoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceinclude:degradationofecologicalfunctions,climatechange,productionandlivingofcommunityresidents,majorconstructionprojects(includinghighwaysandwaterconservancyprojects),tourismdevelopment,environmentalpollutionandinvasionofalien

species.生物多樣性保護(hù)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)ChallengesforBiodiversity

Conservation黃河流域人類(lèi)活動(dòng)頻繁，過(guò)度放牧、采砂、排污、圍墾等嚴(yán)重影響著黃河流域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康，而且黃河流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類(lèi)型多樣并對(duì)全球變化敏感，導(dǎo)致生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能退化以及生物多樣性降低。河南黃河流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)本底脆弱，大部分地區(qū)屬于半干旱、半濕潤(rùn)地區(qū)，經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展已成為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷“過(guò)滿(mǎn)狀態(tài)”，這集中表現(xiàn)在水資源嚴(yán)重短缺、生態(tài)破壞和環(huán)境污染，

“水少”已成為黃河流域保護(hù)和發(fā)展的主要瓶頸。HumanactivitiesarefrequentintheYellowRiverbasin.Overgrazing,sandmining,sewagedischarge,reclamation,etc.seriouslyaffectthehealthoftheecosystemintheYellowRiverbasin.Moreover,theecosystemintheYellowRiverbasinisdiverseandsensitivetoglobalchange,resultinginthedegradationoftheecosystemstructureandfunctionandthereductionof

biodiversity.TheecosystemoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceisfundamentallyfragile,withmostareasbelongingtosemi-aridandsemihumidregions.Afterlong-termdevelopment,ithasbecomeanoverloadedecosystem,whichismainlymanifestedinseverewaterresourceshortage,ecologicaldamage,andenvironmentalpollution."Waterscarcity"hasbecomethemainbottleneckfortheprotectionanddevelopmentoftheYellowRiver

basin技援概述–

存在不足ProjectProfile-

Shortcomings演示者2023-05-24

16:07:17--------------------------------------------黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)方面到底存在哪些問(wèn)題。我們專(zhuān)家組也梳理了一下，初步認(rèn)為有三個(gè)方面。一是該區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱，但是人為活動(dòng)頻繁，是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)、城市發(fā)展區(qū)，保護(hù)和發(fā)展的矛盾十分突出。生態(tài)保護(hù)的壓力巨大。2

、河南黃河流域生物多樣性面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn) ChallengesfacedbytheBiodiversityofHenanYellowRiver

Basin（1）目前，河南黃河流域內(nèi)濕地面積占比較小，且受人類(lèi)活動(dòng)影響大；森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單，林齡普遍較低，人工林多而天然林少。生境破碎化嚴(yán)重，野生植物保護(hù)亟待加強(qiáng)，野生動(dòng)物棲息地亟待修復(fù)和保護(hù)。(1)ThebiodiversityoftheYellowRiverBasininHenanProvincefacesmanychallenges.Atpresent,thewetareaoftheYellowRiverBasininHenanisrelativelysmallandgreatlyaffectedbyhumanactivities;Theforestecosystemissimple,withgenerallylowerforestage,moreartificialforestsandlessnaturalforests.Thehabitatisseverelyfragmented,andtheprotectionofwildplantsurgentlyneedstobestrengthened.Thehabitatofwildanimalsurgentlyneedstoberepairedand

protected.技援概述–

存在不足ProjectProfile-

Shortcomings濟(jì)源黃河三峽三門(mén)峽靈寶破碎化的山區(qū)植被演示者2023-05-24

16:07:18--------------------------------------------2、河南黃河流域生物多樣性面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)。這方面有3點(diǎn)。一是濕地面積不大，且受人類(lèi)活動(dòng)影響大，比如魚(yú)塘、耕地等等；森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單，植被的防護(hù)作用有限。生境破碎化嚴(yán)重，野生動(dòng)物的棲息地亟待修復(fù)。(2)TheintensivetourismdevelopmentintheurbanareaalongtheYellowRiverposesapotentialthreattoecologicalbalance.SanmenxiaCityandLuoyangCityoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvincearelocatedinthetransitionzonefromthenorthernsubtropicalzonetothewarmtemperatezoneinPRC.Theypreservethespeciesdiversityofthetypicaltransitionzone,andhavehighbiodiversityconservationvalue.However,thiszoneisalsoamineraldevelopmentzone,withseriousecosystemdamageandhabitatfragmentation.Thereisariskofseriousecosystemdegradationandbiodiversityloss,andtheecosystemservicefunctionneedstobeimproved

urgently.技援概述

–存在不足ProjectProfile-

Shortcomings河南黃河流域生物多樣性面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)Challenges

facedbytheBiodiversityofHenanYellowRiver

Basin（2）黃河城市段旅游開(kāi)發(fā)嚴(yán)重，對(duì)生態(tài)平衡產(chǎn)生了潛在威脅。河南黃河流域的三門(mén)峽市、洛陽(yáng)市地處我國(guó)北亞熱帶向暖溫帶過(guò)渡區(qū)，保存有典型過(guò)渡區(qū)的物種多樣性，具有很高的生物多樣性保護(hù)價(jià)值，但是該區(qū)也是礦產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受損和生境破碎化嚴(yán)重，存在嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化和生物多樣性喪失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能急需提升。小浪底黃河三峽景區(qū)演示者2023-05-24

16:07:18--------------------------------------------另外，黃河流經(jīng)河南三門(mén)峽、洛陽(yáng)、鄭州等城市，開(kāi)發(fā)了一些一黃河為主體的景區(qū)，旅游開(kāi)發(fā)與生態(tài)保護(hù)如何協(xié)調(diào)，也是一個(gè)難題。技援概述

–存在不足ProjectProfile-

Shortcomings河南黃河流域現(xiàn)有生態(tài)修復(fù)與生物多樣性保護(hù)理念、方法和技術(shù)體系有待完善。The

existing

ecological

restoration

andbiodiversityprotectionconcepts、methodsandtechnologysystemintheYellowRiverBasinofHenanProvinceandisyettobe

improved.在生物多樣性保護(hù)中，一方面，現(xiàn)有的生態(tài)修復(fù)與生物多樣性方法和技術(shù)還有待完善，需要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)以指導(dǎo)生物多樣性工作實(shí)踐。另一方面，頂層設(shè)計(jì)，因地制宜、分類(lèi)施策的建設(shè)與管理模式還需要加強(qiáng)。Inbiodiversityconservation,ononehand,theexistingecologicalrestorationandbiodiversityconservationmethodsandtechnologiesshouldbeimprovedfortheguidanceonbiodiversityconservation.Ontheotherhand,Theconstructionandmanagementmodeloftailoredandclassifiedpoliciesstillneedstobe

strengthened.黃河濕地修復(fù)，楊樹(shù)林？退魚(yú)塘還濕地，黃河濕地演示者2023-05-24

16:07:19--------------------------------------------最后，生物多樣性保護(hù)和生態(tài)修復(fù)相關(guān)理念、政策、技術(shù)還不夠完善，河南尚無(wú)發(fā)布生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略和行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，頂層設(shè)計(jì)亟待加強(qiáng)。比如在生態(tài)保護(hù)實(shí)踐中，濕地的修復(fù)要不要種植高大的喬木，尤其是楊樹(shù)。再比如緊鄰黃河的大面積魚(yú)塘，因?yàn)樵跐竦乇Ｗo(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)，現(xiàn)在不讓發(fā)展之后，原來(lái)的魚(yú)塘干枯，濕地作用也沒(méi)得到發(fā)揮，下一步如何發(fā)展？這些都是待解的問(wèn)題。02生物多樣性保護(hù)存在的管理挑戰(zhàn)Challengesfacedbybiodiversity

conservation法律和政策框架。生物多樣性保護(hù)法律和政策體系尚不完善。相關(guān)部門(mén)間的合作機(jī)制有待繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)。Thelegalandpolicysystemofbiodiversityconservationisnotperfect,Thecooperationmechanismbetweenrelevantdepartmentsneedstobe

furtherstrengthened。生物多樣性保護(hù)還沒(méi)有主流化。公眾參與保護(hù)的積極性不夠高，對(duì)生物多樣性的重要性認(rèn)識(shí)不足，特別是對(duì)重要?jiǎng)又参镔Y源保護(hù)意識(shí)不夠強(qiáng)。Biodiversity

conservation

has

not

yet

been

mainstreamed.

The

public

isnotsufficientlyawareoftheimportanceofbiodiversity,especiallytheawarenessofprotectingimportantplantandanimal

resources.生物多樣性基礎(chǔ)調(diào)查、監(jiān)測(cè)和評(píng)估能力有待提高。Biodiversity

basic

survey,

monitoring

and

assessmentcapacityneedstobe

improved.保護(hù)管理經(jīng)費(fèi)不足。建設(shè)管理運(yùn)行經(jīng)費(fèi)普遍缺乏，保護(hù)管理機(jī)構(gòu)不完善，與其他職能存在交叉重疊，生物多樣性保護(hù)工作強(qiáng)度大；生物多樣性保護(hù)執(zhí)法體制、機(jī)制尚未理順，執(zhí)法難度大；從事野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)的隊(duì)伍薄弱，人員素質(zhì)不能很好適應(yīng)高質(zhì)量生物多樣性保護(hù)工作的要求。Insufficient

funds

for

protectionandmanagement.Thereisagenerallackoffundsforconstructionmanagementandoperation,incompleteprotectionmanagementinstitutions,overlappingwithotherfunctions,andahighintensityofbiodiversityprotectionwork;Thelawenforcementsystemandmechanismforbiodiversityconservationhavenotbeenrationalized,makinglawenforcementdifficult;Theteamengagedinwildlifeconservationisweak,andthepersonnelqualitycannotadaptwelltotherequirementsofhigh-qualitybiodiversityconservation

work.生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略和行動(dòng)計(jì)劃BiodiversityConservationStrategyandAction

Plan01背景Background中國(guó)幅員遼闊，陸海兼?zhèn)洌孛埠蜌夂驈?fù)雜多樣，孕育了豐富而又獨(dú)特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、物種和遺傳多樣性，是世界上生物多樣性最豐富的國(guó)家之一。黃河流域是連接青藏高原、黃土高原、華北平原的生態(tài)廊道，擁有三江源、祁連山等多個(gè)國(guó)家公園和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)，構(gòu)成我國(guó)重要的生態(tài)屏障，支持著全球重要的生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值。河南省黃河地處黃河中下游，屬我國(guó)西部山地、丘陵與東部平原的過(guò)渡地帶，地理位置獨(dú)特，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣，物種豐富，是遷徙候鳥(niǎo)的重要越冬地和停歇地。為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)河南黃河流域的生物多樣性保護(hù)工作，有效彌補(bǔ)區(qū)域生物多樣性保護(hù)空缺，迎接新問(wèn)題和新挑戰(zhàn)，亞行生態(tài)修復(fù)與生物多樣性技援團(tuán)隊(duì)編制了《河南黃河流域生物多樣性戰(zhàn)略與行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》（2024-2030年，以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”）。Biodiversityisthesumofecologicalcomplexesformedbylivingorganisms(animals,plants,microorganisms)andtheenvironmentandthevariousecologicalprocessesassociatedwiththem.Biodiversityisessentialtohumanwell-being,providingthefoundationforhumansurvivalanddevelopment.TheYellowRiverbasinisanecologicalcorridorconnectingtheQinghaiTibetPlateau,theLoessPlateauandtheNorthChinaPlain.IthasmanynationalparksandnationalkeyecologicalfunctionalareassuchastheThree-River-SourceNationalParkandtheQilianMountains.ItplaysanimportantroleinthePRC’secologicalconstructionlayoutandconstitutesanimportantecologicalbarrierinPRC.TheYellowRiverinHenanProvinceislocatedinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYellowRiver,whichisatransitionzonebetweenthemountainoushillsinthewestandtheplainsintheeastofPRC,withauniquegeographicallocation,diverseecosystemsandrichspecies,andisanimportantwinteringgroundandrestingplaceformigratorybirds.TostrengthenthebiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceandeffectivelyrespondtonewissuesandchallengesofbiodiversityconservationfacedintheregion,theProjecthaspreparedthedraftBiodiversityStrategyandActionPlan(BSAP)intheYellowRiverBasininHenanProvince

(2024-2030).02目的Objective在對(duì)項(xiàng)目區(qū)生物多樣性的現(xiàn)狀特點(diǎn)、物種保護(hù)情況、保護(hù)政策框架、自然資產(chǎn)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析論述的基礎(chǔ)上，本行動(dòng)計(jì)劃按照國(guó)家要求，結(jié)合河南黃河流域?qū)嶋H情況，提出了到2030年和2050年生物多樣性保護(hù)行動(dòng)目標(biāo)，制定了河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護(hù)策略、行動(dòng)計(jì)劃以及保障措施，為今后一段時(shí)期內(nèi)河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護(hù)工作的開(kāi)展提供一定的參考價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)。Basedonadetailedanalysisanddiscussionofthecurrentcharacteristicsofbiodiversity,speciesconservation,conservationpolicyframework,andnaturalcapitalandecosystemservicevaluesoftheprojectarea,theBSAP,inaccordancewithnationalrequirementsandincombinationwiththeactualsituationoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince,proposesactionobjectivesforbiodiversityconservationby2030and2050,andstrategies,actionplans,andsupportingmeasuresforbiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverbasinofHenanProvince.ItwillprovidecertainreferenceandguidancefortheimplementationofbiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverbasinofHenanProvinceinthe

future.04生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與行動(dòng)計(jì)劃BiodiversityConservationStrategyand

Plan指導(dǎo)思想

Guiding

Ideology以《黃河保護(hù)法》為遵循，立足黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)與高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展，以有效應(yīng)對(duì)生物多樣性面臨的挑戰(zhàn)、全面提升河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護(hù)水平為目標(biāo)，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)生物多樣性保護(hù)重大工程，持續(xù)加大監(jiān)督和執(zhí)法力度，進(jìn)一步提高保護(hù)能力和管理水平，確保河南黃河流域重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、生物物種和生物遺傳資源得到全面保護(hù)，將生物多樣性保護(hù)理念融入生態(tài)文明建設(shè)全過(guò)程，共建萬(wàn)物和諧的美麗家園。Theoverallgoalistoachievetheconservationofkeyecosystems,biologicalspeciesandbiologicalgeneticresourcesintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceandintegratetheconceptofbiodiversityconservationintotheentireprocessofecologicalcivilizationconstructiontobuildaharmonioushomeforalllivingbeings,guidedbytheYellowRiverProtectionLaw,basedonecologicalprotectionandhigh-qualitydevelopmentintheYellowRiverbasin,adheringtoecologicalpriorityandgreendevelopment,aimingateffectivelyaddressingthechallengesfacingbiodiversityandcomprehensivelyimprovingthelevelofbiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverBasininHenanProvince,aswellasthroughpromotingmajorbiodiversityconservationprojects,continuingtoincreasesupervisionandlawenforcement,andfurtherimprovingtheprotectioncapacityandmanagement

level.04生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與行動(dòng)計(jì)劃BiodiversityConservationStrategyand

Plan基本原則Basic

Principles保護(hù)優(yōu)先，持續(xù)恢復(fù)。牢固樹(shù)立尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然的生態(tài)文明理念，堅(jiān)持保護(hù)優(yōu)先、自然恢復(fù)為主。Prioritizeprotectionandcontinuerestoration.Respectnatureandconservationfirst.Itshallfirmlyestablishtheecologicalcivilizationconceptofrespectingnature,respondingtonature,protectingnature,adheretothepriorityofprotection,natural

restoration.健全體制，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)。在河南省委、省政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，發(fā)揮統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)作用，完善年度工作調(diào)度機(jī)制。各有關(guān)單位各司其職，協(xié)調(diào)一致，密切配合，互通信息，有序推進(jìn)河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護(hù)工作。Improvethesystemandmakeoverallprogress.UndertheleadershipoftheHenanProvincialPartyCommitteeandthePeople’sGovernmentofHenanProvince,improvingtheannualworkschedulingmechanism.Allrelevantagenciesshouldperformtheirrespectiveduties,coordinate,cooperateclosely,exchangeinformation,andorderlypromotethebiodiversityconservationoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince.04生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與行動(dòng)計(jì)劃BiodiversityConservationStrategyand

Plan基本原則

Basic

Principles科學(xué)規(guī)劃，合理利用。遵循科學(xué)規(guī)律，合理規(guī)劃，促進(jìn)河南黃河流域生物資源可持續(xù)利用，科學(xué)、合理和有序地利用河南黃河流域的生物資源。Scientificplanandrationalutilization.Itshallfollowscientificlaws,makereasonableplanning,promotethesustainableutilizationofbiologicalresourcesintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince,andmakescientific,reasonableandorderlyutilizationofbiologicalresourcesintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince.政府主導(dǎo)，多方參與。發(fā)揮河南省沿黃地區(qū)各級(jí)政府在生物多樣性保護(hù)中的主導(dǎo)作用，加大管理、投入和監(jiān)督力度，建立健全企事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)組織和公眾參與生物多樣性保護(hù)的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，提高社會(huì)各界保護(hù)生物多樣性的自覺(jué)性和參與度。

Government-ledandmulti-partyparticipation.ItshallgivefullplaytotheleadingroleofgovernmentsatalllevelsinthebiodiversityconservationalongtheYellowRiverinHenanProvince,increasemanagement,investmentandsupervisionefforts,establishandimprovealong-termmechanismforenterprises,institutions,socialorganizationsandthepublictoparticipateinthebiodiversityconservation,improvetheawarenessandparticipationofall