定語從句定語從句1定語從句(Attributiveclause)

概念:

在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。(在句子中作定語)Tomisasmartboy.Tomisaboywhoissmart.形容詞作定語句子作定語,修飾boy,叫定語從句定語從句(Attributiveclause)形容詞作定語2Tomisa

boy

whoissmart.先行詞關系詞定語從句關系代詞關系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，whyTomisaboywhoissmart.先行詞關3關系代詞的用法關系代詞先行詞功能備注that人或物主語或賓語關系代詞作賓語時，可省略which物主語或賓語who人主語或賓語whom人賓語whose人或物定語

關系代詞的用法關系代詞先行詞功能備注that人或物主語或賓語4*Thebook(which/that)theysentmeisverygood.*Themanwho/thatstoleyourcarhasbeenarrested.賓語主語*Theman(whom/that)Isawtoldmetocomehere.*Pleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.賓語定語*Thebook(which/that)theyse5that和which用法的區別1.只能用that不能用which的情況(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,few,little,much

等不定代詞時。Iamsureshehassomething_____youcanborrow.(that)Doyouhaveanything_____youdon’tunderstand?(that)that和which用法的區別1.只能用that不能用wh6(2)先行詞被all,any,each,few,every,no,some,little,much等修飾時。I’veread

all

thebooks____youlendme.Pleasesendus

any

information____youhaveaboutthesubject.thatthat(2)先行詞被all,any,each,few,ev7(3)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。Thisis

thefirstbook____hehasread.thatItis

themostbeautiful

city____I’veeverseen.that(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。Thisis

thevery

book____belongstohim.thatHeis

theonly

person_____waspresentatthetime.that(3)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。Thisist8(5)先行詞既有人又有物時。Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople_________

shewasinterestedin.that(6)當主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時。

Who

isthegirl_____drovethecar?

that(5)先行詞既有人又有物時。Shetookphotogr92.只用which不用that的情況(1)關系代詞在限制性定語從句中跟在介詞后面，指物用which，指人用whom。

Therearemanytrees___________theycanhavearest.Thisisthering_________shespent1,000dollars.underwhichonwhich(2)在非限制性定語從句中。

Football,_______isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.which2.只用which不用that的情況(1)關系代詞在限制性10關系代詞只用that的情況重點回顧1.先行詞是everything,nothing,anything，something,much,little,none等不定代詞2.先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾3.先行詞被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last

等修飾4.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時5.先行詞中既有人又有物6.

who/which等作先行詞時關系代詞只用that的情況重點回顧1.先行詞是everyth111.在介詞后面，指事物用which,指人用whom2.

非限制定語從句中關系代詞只用which的情況1.在介詞后面，指事物用which,關系代詞只用which12

that

waseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswide1.Ahugecrack_____________________________________________________cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.2.Thenumberofpeople

__________________________________reachedmorethan400,000.who

werekilledorseriouslyinjured3.Everywhere__________________nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(that)theylookedth134.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake_______________________________________shookTangshan.

5.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose______________________________________.whichwas

almostasstrongasthefirstonewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors_________________________________.whosehomeshadbeendestroyed4.Then,laterthatafternoon,14注意：1.從句缺少主語或賓語，則用關系代詞

2.從句缺少狀語，則用關系副詞注意：1.從句缺少主語或賓語，則用關系代詞

15關系副詞先行詞功能when表時間的名詞時間狀語where表地點的名詞地點狀語why一般為reason原因狀語

關系副詞的用法關系副詞先行詞功能when表時間的名詞時間狀語where表16IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.What’sthenameoftheplacewhereyouspentyourholidaylastyear?Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclasswasthathegotuplate.時間狀語地點狀語原因狀語Istillrememberthedaywhen17“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句定語從句中的介詞有時可置于關系代詞之前，形成“介詞+關系代詞”結構。關系代詞通常是which和whom；which指物，whom指人。“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句18

1.介詞+which在所引導的定語從句中作時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語等。

關系副詞在從句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during/…which)時間狀語where(=in/at/…which)地點狀語why(=forwhich)原因狀語1.介詞+which在所引導的定語從句中作時間狀語、地點19*I’llneverforgetthedaysonwhichwestudiedtogether.*ThisisthetowninwhichShakespearewasborn.*Canyouexplainthereasonforwhichyouwereabsent？*I’llneverforgetthedayson202.“名詞/代詞/數詞+介詞+關系代詞”結構常用來表示與先行詞之間的從屬關系，可以用whose結構代替。Pleasepassmethebook,thecoverofwhich/whosecoverisblue.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.2.“名詞/代詞/數詞+介詞+關系代詞”結構常用來表示與先21(1)看先行詞與介詞的搭配。Thebookhasopenedawindowthroughwhichwecanseeawonderfulworldoutside.(2)看從句謂語動詞與介詞的搭配。Theuniversityfromwhichhegraduatedissupposedtobeoneoftopuniversitiesintheworld.關系代詞前介詞的選擇(1)看先行詞與介詞的搭配。關系代詞前介詞的選擇22(3)看從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配。HerdaughterhasbeenadmittedintoBeijingUniversity,ofwhichsheisveryproud.(4)看定語從句的含義Nowherecouldhefindhisglasses,withoutwhichhecouldseenothing.(3)看從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配。23在定語從句中“介詞+which”結構不可以與普通關系代詞或關系副詞互換的情況。

(1)介詞+which結構在定語從句中所作狀語不表示時間、地點、原因時。*There’sonlyoneproblemaboutwhichtheydisagree.(2)有些“動詞+介詞”短語，如lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等，如果介詞提前將會失去動詞短語的意義時，介詞不能提前變成“介詞+which”結構。*Thisisthev