漢譯英專項講解該題型全面地考查學生英語詞匯、語法等知識的綜合運用能力，它對學生的動詞時態、語態、名詞的單復數、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞等應用能力，還對學生的詞組、句型、句子結構等進行了全面考查翻譯不僅在高考英語主觀題中占不小的比例，而且翻譯能力還直接影響考生在作文中的表現。一、高考評分標準：1?每題中單詞拼寫、標點符號、大小寫錯誤每兩處扣一分；2．語法錯誤(包括時態錯誤)每處扣一分；3．譯文沒用所給的單詞扣一分。據說新的微博用戶注冊時必須用實名的原因是保護網民的利益和提高網絡的可信度。(register)Itissaidthatthereasonwhynewusersofmicro-blogmustuserealnameswhentheyareregisteringistoprotectwebusers'interestsandimprovecredibilityofInternet.二、考查要點總結詞的特殊用法：accessible,available,arrange,convenient等1：他忘了帶閱讀證，進不了圖書館。(accessible)1：Heforgottobringthereadingcard,sothelibrarywasnotaccessibletohim.2：我已安排好一輛車去車站接他們。(arrange)2：Ihavearrangedforacartopickyouthemupattherailwaystation.3：如果你方便的話，請幫我去郵局寄一些包裹。(convenient)3：Ifitisconvenienttoyou,pleasegotothepostofficetosendtheseparcelsforme.動詞語態問題：謂語動詞及非謂語動詞都應注意語態問題4：這里的菜燒得很好，還有免費蛋糕供應。(provide)4：Thedishesarewellcookedhereandfreecakesareprovided.5：應該更加強調培養學生的實際運用能力。5：Greatemphasisshouldbeputoncultivatingstudents'practicalability.6：我們必須對這里正在討論的一些事情保密。(discuss)6：Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.7：應該鼓勵年輕人按照自己的特長選擇職業。(encourage)7：Theyoungpeople/youngstersshouldbeencouragedtochoosetheircareersaccordingto/basedontheirownstrongpoints/strengths.選擇正確的詞語搭配，主要是介詞的選擇問題和be+p?p?+prep?結構8：我不需要買新車，我的那輛舊車還很好。(condition)8：Idon'tneedto/needn'tbuyanewcarasmyoldoneisstillingoodcondition.9：我忘了提醒他面試的時間。(remind)9：Iforgottoremindhimofthetimefortheinterview.10：我對學生所談論的電子產品一無所知，我發現自己落伍了。(ignorant)10：Beingignorantoftheelectronicproductsthestudentsaretalkingabout，Ifindmyselfleftbehind/outdated/outofdate.Be+p.p.+prep.結構：beinvolvedin,bequalifiedfor,beequippedwith,beconcernedabout,bebasedon,beaddictedto,beamazedat,beregardedas,beengagedin等11：市長非常關心市民不遵受交通對擇地問題。(concern)11：Themayorismuchconcernedabouttheproblemofthecitizens'disobeyingthetrafficregulations.特殊句式：it做形式主語和賓語，強調句型，倒裝句，thereasonwhy…isthat…,it(never)occurstomethat???,it'ssaidthat???,not???but???等12：我遲到的原因是他們沒通知我開會的時間。(inform)12：ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthattheyhadnotinformedmeofthetimeofthemeeting.13：重要的不是你說了什么，而是你做了什么。(matter)13：It'snotwhatyousaidbutwhatyoudidthatmatters.14：據報道，這種野生植物含有豐富的維生素。(It...)14：Itisreportedthatthiswildplantisrichin/contains/hasalotofvitamins.15:我從未想到這種事竟然會發生在他的身上。(occur)15：Itneveroccurredtomethatsuchathingshouldhappentohim.16：汽車、無線電、電影、速凍食品、電冰箱，這些東西在過去的30年中得到了廣泛的應用，這簡直令人難以置信。(It.)16：Itishardtobelievethatautomobiles,radios,motionpictures,frozenfoodsandelectricrefrigeratorhavecomeintocommonusewithinthirtyyears.17：學校定了一條規則，開始上課時學生要起立。(it)17：Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.句子的邏輯關系：漢語里兩個并列句可能存在潛在的修飾，目的，因果，結構等邏輯關系，翻譯時，要使用這種邏輯關系，使句子更連貫。18：我為這些話所深深感動，后來我就把它們寫在圣誕賀卡上。(impress)18：IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.19：人們對于那些樂于幫助他人脫離險境的人總是滿懷感激之情。(grateful)19：Peoplearealwaysgratefultothosewhoarereadytohelpothersoutofdanger.20：這款手機式樣新穎、攜帶方便，深受年輕人的歡迎。(popular)20：Themobilephoneisfashionable/moderninstyleandconvenienttocarry,soitisverypopularwithyoungpeople.長句的翻譯：第五題屬于長句翻譯，翻譯時，要“先主干，再細節”。理清句子的成分，先確定框架，再添磚加瓦。21：絕大多數的醫療專家持有相同的看法，即防止該疾病傳播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水洗手。(prevent)21：Mostmedicalexpertssharethesameopinionthatthemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofthedisease/preventthediseasefromspreadingis(forpeople)towash(their)handswithsoapandwater.22：為追求時尚而付出高昂代價的人應該盡早改變這種生活方式。(those)22：Thosewhofollowfashionatthegreatcostshouldchangetheirlifestyleassoonaspossible.23：出國學習會使學生受益匪淺，但是他們也有可能會面臨一系列前所未有的挑戰。(likely)23：Studyingabroad/Goingabroadforfurtherstudiesbenefits/(will/may)benefitstudentsalot,buttheyarelikelytoface/befacedwithaseriesofchallengeswhicharegreaterthanever(before).24：一項新披露的調查表明網絡最吸引人之處在于它能讓網民及時了解世界大事。(inform)24：Anewly-released/newly-reveledsurveyshows/suggests/indicatesthatthebiggestattractionoftheInternetisthatitkeeps/makesnetcitizens(netizens)/peoplewhosurftheInternetinformedoftheworldevents.三、檢查，避免小錯誤十分檢查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。完成翻譯后，首先要檢查句子中的動詞前后時態是否一致，語態為主動還是被動是否符合中文翻譯的要求，以及動詞的單復數是否與主語相符。這是翻譯中得分的重點。檢查非謂語動詞。現在的翻譯中經常會出現使用非謂語的情況，句子中一旦出現了非謂語，學生就要特別注意是否正確使用了-ing,-ed和todo的結構，以及可能出現的獨立主格等非謂語中的重點方面。檢查動詞的搭配。檢查句子中的動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，如果是不及物動詞，則要注意是否搭配了相應的介詞。檢查名詞的單復數。注意名詞在中英文中的不同理解，特別是一些集合名詞，理解它們用單數來表達復數的特征。檢查句型的使用。檢查常用句型的使用，特別是一些連接詞、強調句、倒裝句等等。檢查句子的完整性。翻譯后，尤其要檢查譯句中的主干以外的修飾語是否完整，比如說定語，時間狀語和地點狀語等等。檢查中英文的一致。檢查英語譯句是否正確地表達了中文的意思，是否錯誤地把主觀的想法加諸在翻譯中。檢查單詞的拼寫和大小寫。英語單詞拼寫復雜，翻譯時，搞錯一個字母，就會導致單詞拼寫失誤，學生需要加強記憶。句子首字母大寫，學生基本不會忘記，但也要注意翻譯中出現的一些專有名詞或特別稱謂的首字母大寫。檢查標點符號。英語的標點符號，與漢語的有同有異。但有些學生平時在作業時，非常粗心，使用混亂，這就導致了在最后的考試里被扣分。特別是平日里，比較多練習的翻譯都是陳述句，一旦遇到疑問句，多數學生會忘記寫上問號。盡管一個標點符號只有半分，但我想，在高考中，任何由疏忽所造成的扣分都是該避免。綜上所述，要想做好中譯英試題，考生了解、掌握一定的方法和技巧及注意事項是必不可少的。實際上，只要能在平時的英語學習中注重對英語基礎知識的積累，并且做個有心人（隨時留意英語與漢語的異同點，作好儲備工作），再進行一定量的訓練，考生就一定能在“中譯英”方面取得優異成績。Translation(背熟翻譯)平衡結構對于我們來說,重要的不是輸贏而是參與。(matter)Whatmatterstousisnottowinbuttotakepart/participate.藝術節不僅豐富了校園生活,還提高了學生們的組織活動能力,培養了他們團隊合作精神。Theartfestivalnotonlyhasenrichedstudents'schoollifebut(also)hasimprovedtheirabilitytoorganizeanactivityanddevelopedtheirteamspirit.=Notonlyhastheartfestivalenrichedstudents'schoollifebutitalso/but(also)ithasimprovedtheirabilitytoorganizeanactivityanddevelopedtheirteamspirit.時態WordcamethathehadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.主句過去時,從句不能用hasbeenadmittedto??.Itneveroccurredtomethathewouldobjecttoyourgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.不能用willobjectto?聽到2008年在北京舉辦奧運會的消息時,人們欣喜若狂。(newsthat)PeoplewerewildwithjoyatthenewsthatOlympicGameswouldbeheldinBeijingin2008.不能用willbeheld在過去的幾年里,這家工廠用塑料代替木頭來降低成本。(substitute)Inthepastfewyears,thisfactoryhassubstitutedplasticsforwoodinordertoreducethecost(s).since,for2years,never,before,inthepast/lastfewmonths,sofar/uptonow/tothisday,recently,inrecentyears常和完成時連用語態(用主動表示被動意思)sell/read/washwell,系動詞look/smell/taste/feel/sound,prove,measure,won'topen等用主動誰應該對昨天發生的事故負責？(blame)Whoistoblamefortheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?BeijingisworthvisitingBut:Beijingisworthyofbeingvisited/tobevisited.=It'sworthwhiletovisitBeijing/visitingBeijing.Thedoorneeds/wants/requiresrepairing/toberepaired,doesn'tit?.Thethiefdeservespunishing/tobepunished/punishment.Theearliertheproblemisfound,theeasieritistosolve.(it=theproblem,Theproblemiseasytosolve.)(easy/difficult/hard,light/heavy,fit/unfit,nice/good/pleasant/comfortable等形容詞后面接todo,不是tobedone)被動應該鼓勵學生把所學東西付諸于實踐。Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedtopractice.apply...to,combine...with/o這里的菜燒得很好，還有免費蛋糕供應。(provide)Thedishesarewellcookedhere,andfreecakesareprovided.他能否錄取復旦還等著瞧。(remain)WhetherhecanbeadmittedtoFudanUniversityremainstobeseen.我的建議是預訂賓館前要把地段和設施考慮在內,但他卻置之不理。(consideration)Mysuggestionwasthatitslocationandfacilitiesshouldbetakenintoconsiderationbeforeahotelwasreserved,butheturnedadeafeartoit./ignoredit/wouldn'tlisten.中英文表達不同Letmecongratulateyouonyoursuccess/Congratulationsonyoursuccess.有500個學生出席了會議。Therewere500studentsattendedthemeeting.X“attended”用錯了,應改成whoattendedTherewere500studentsattending/whoattendedthemeeting./500studentsattended/werepresentatthemeeting.安排車子去機場接他arrangeforthecartomeethimattheairport足球吸引各種年齡階段的人。Footballappealsto(=attracts)peopleofallages.學生志愿者們呼吁人們為地震災民捐款。(appeal)appealtosbforsth/todosthThestudentvolunteersappealedtopeopletodonatemoneytotheearthquakevictims/thevictimsoftheearthquake.如果你能馬上和他聯系,我不勝感激。(appreciate,contact)Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldcontacthimatonce.contactsb,but:make/comeintocontactwithsb很快他會勝任這工作。(before)Itwillbe/was+一段時間+before過多少時間才做.Itwon'tbelongbeforeheisqualifiedforthejob.=Hewillbequalifiedforthejobsoon/beforelong.詞序不同他發生了什么事?Whathashappenedtohim?你認為他發生了什么事?Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim?你可以在英特網上找到這種信息。(available)ThiskindofinformationisavailabletoyouontheInternet.如果你方便的話,把壞椅子換成新的好嗎?Ifitisconvenienttoyouwouldyoupleaseexchange/replacethebrokenchairfor/withanewone?Ifitisconvenienttoyou,it'sconvenientforsbtodosth,exchange/replaceAfor/withB,but:substituteAforB我從來沒想到他會當選為學生會主席。(occur)Itneveroccurredtomethathewouldbeelected/madeChairmanoftheStudents'Union.普通車輛不能到達這山區d(sp/sth)beinaccessibletoavehicle/sbThemountainvillageisinaccessibletoordinaryvehicles.據報道,1998年中國的很多地區發牛了嚴重的水災。(occur)“中國的很多地區”不能作主語It'sreportedthatseriousfloodsoccurredinmanypartsofChinain1998.這里occur=happen發生我們應該讓公眾明白,保護稀有動物免受滅絕人人有責。(it)Weshouldmakeitknowntothepublicthatit'severyone'stodpurtesyerverareanimalsfromextinction.think/consider/believe/find/feelittodo/that.,takeitforgrantedthat.省略除非被邀請發言,否則在會上你應該保持沉默。(invite)unless.or.不能連用,只能用一個Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentatthemeeting.Unless(youare)invited..從句里用省略要主從句主語相同Theproblem,ifnotdealtwithproperly/wel,lwillgetworseandworsewithtimegoingon/astimesgoeson/withthepassageoftime.強調結構他是為什么推遲看牙醫?Whywasitthatheputoff/postponedgoingtothedentist?倒裝NolongerhasshekeptintouchwithussinceshewentabroadforfurtherNsetvuedrybeforehasourcountrybeensopowerfulasitistoday.雖然窮,但是他對自己的生活相當滿意。(as)Poorasheis,heisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.只有吃營養均衡的飲食,你才能保持健康。(Only)Onlybyeatingabalanceddiet,canyoustayhealthy.=Onlyif/whenyoueatabalanceddiet,willyoubeabletokeepfit.Hedidn'trealizetheimportanceofobeying/observingthetrafficrulesuntilhewasseriouslyinjured.Notuntilhewasseriouslyinjureddidherealize./Itwasnotuntilhewasseriouslyinjuredthatherealized.他一到實驗室就開始做實驗。(倒裝)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely/Barelyhadhegotwhen...Nosoonerhadhegottothelabthanhesetouttodo/setaboutdoingtheexperiment.=Hardlyhadhegot...whenfHehadhardly/nosoonergotto...when/thanhesetouttodo/setaboutdoing....fAssoonas/Themoment/Theminute/Theinstanthegot.…hesetouttodo.聽到他獲諾貝爾文學獎的消息時，這作家非常激動以致徹夜難眠。(So)SoexcitedwasthewriterwhenheheardthenewsthathehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturethathefailedtofallasleepthewholenight.多種表達法隨著時間的推移astimegoes/wenton=withtimegoingon像你那樣聰敏的一個學生ascleverastudentasyou=suchacleverstudentasyou/acleverstudentlikeyou被復旦大學錄取beadmittedto/beacceptedby/beenrolledin/enrollinFudanUniversity坦率地說，我不同意這計劃。(approve/agree)Frankly/Honestlyspeaking,Idon'tagreetotheplan./Tobefrank/honest,Idon'tapproveoftheplan.違反交通規則的人應該受處罰。Thosewhobreak/Anyonewho/Whoeverbreaksthetrafficrule(s)shouldbepunished.污染是人類面臨的最大問題之一。(face)(sb)befacedwith/facesth，(sth)facesb(某物)擺在某人面、八前Pollutionisoneofthemostseriousprobhethatfacemankind/facingmankind/mankindsfacedwith這支醫療隊是由10個年齡從25到60歲的醫生組成。(range)Themedicalteamismadeupof/iscomposedof/consiststoefndoctorsranginginage/whorangeinagew/hoseagesrangefrom25to60.你愈努力，進步就愈大。Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.=Ifyouworkharder,youwillmake...=Workingharder,youwillmake...=Workharderandyouwillmake..盡管困難重重,我們仍決心執行我們的計劃。(inspiteof)inspiteof/despitesth/whatclause/thatfactthatInspiteof/Despitemanydifficulties,wearedeterminedtocarryoutourplan.Inspiteof/Despitethefactthattherearemanydifficulties,wearedeterminedtocarryoutourplan.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghai.=Shanghaihasexperiencedgreatchanges/haschangedgreatly/alo.t容易混淆的我非常贊同(你)。Ican'tagree(withyou)more.那就是我不同意(你)的地方。ThatiswhereIdisagree(withyou).據我所知asfarasIknowbut:眾所周知asweallknow/asisknowntoall,/It'sknowntoallthat.問題發現得越早,解決起來就越容易。(Themore.,themore.)Theearliertheproblemisfound,theeasieritistosolve/themoreeasilyitwillbesolved.(tosolve不能用被動)我們無論怎么強調保護環境的重要性也不為過。(emphasize)cannot???too/enough無論…也不過分Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmenttoomuch.=Wecannot/canneverlaytoomuchemphasisontheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Youcannotbetoocareful.Icannotthankyouenough.主句或從句中要加詞你最好帶把雨傘吧,以防下雨。You'dbettertakeanumbrellaincaseofrain/incaseitrains/shouldrain.加it無論遇到什么困難都不要半途而廢。(meet)Don'tgiveuphalfwaywhateverdifficultyyoumeetwith.力口you雙否定加強肯定語氣我們決不辜負父母和老師對我們的期望。(fail)Wewillneverfailtoliveuptowhatourparentsandteachersexpectofus.neverfailtodo誰也不能否認，旅游業的發展創造了很多就業機會。(deny,create)Noone.deny.Noonecandenythatthedevelopmentofthetouristindustryhascreatedmanyjobs/manyemploymentopportunities.itbe&therebe句型據說這本書已經被譯成英文。ItissaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish=ThisbookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.It+seem/happen/besaid/bereportedthat?=(sb/sth)seem/happen/besaid/bereportedtodosth他有可能今晚會打電話給我。(likely)It'slikelythat..=(sb/sth)belikelytodosthItislikelythathewillring/callmeuptonight.=Heislikelytoring/callmeuptonight.和他爭此事沒有意義。Thereisnopointinarguingwithhimaboutit.不懂裝懂沒什么好處。(nogood)It'snogood/nouse/uselesspretendingtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.Thereisnopointindoingsth.but:It'sn