/22/22/Unit5MeetingyourancestorsSectionⅡ請同學們認真完成練案[14]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Therewasasystematic(有系統的)approachtosolvingtheproblem.2．Themeetingisofsuchgreatsignificance(意義)thatIhavetoattendit.3．Wemuststophimseeinghersomehow(以某種方式)．4．It'sveryrudetospitatsomeone.5．Hewantedtodeletemynamefromthelist.6．Thephotosbelonginanalbum.7．Shesendsherlittledaughtertothekindergarteneveryday.8．Iwantaskateboard(滑板)．9．WhenIwasachild,Ididn'tlikeonion(洋蔥),butIdon'tminditnow.10．Thehotelreceptionistwantstoknowwhenwewillbecheckingouttomorrowmorning.Ⅱ.句型轉換1．Theybegancontributingarticlestoourmagazineseveralyearsago,andtheykeepdoingsountilnow.→Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2．afternoon.IodrinkcoffeewhenIgottotheofficethisafternoon.Iamstilldrinkingcoffeenow.→IhavebeendrinkingcoffeealltheafternoonsinceIgottotheoffice.3.Ithasbeensixhourssincethebabyfellasleep.→Thebabyhasbeensleepingforsixhours.4．Mybrotherjoinedthepianoclubthreemonthsago.→Ithasbeenthreemonthssincemybrotherjoinedthepianoclub.5．LiLeimovedtoHangzhoutenyearsagoandheisstilllivingtherenow.→LiLeihasbeenlivinginHangzhoufortenyears.6.ThescientistcametostudytheChineseancientculturelastyearandheisstillworkinginChina.→ThescientisthasbeenstudyingtheChineseancientculturesincelastyear.7．Tom'sfatherdiedthreeyearsago.→Tom'sfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.Ⅲ.完成句子1．這個項目的失敗在很大程度上是由于他的粗心。Thefailureoftheprojectwaslargelyduetohiscarelessness.2．不知怎么地，我感覺事故的目擊者在說謊。Somehow，Ifeltthewitnesstotheaccidentwastellingalie.3．貝拉受夠了無趣的工作，決定再找一份新的。Bellawasfedupwiththeboringjobanddecidedtofindanewone.4．格雷絲代表公司在會議上介紹了新產品。Onbehalfofhercompany,Graceintroducedanewproductatthemeeting.5．互聯網的使用在社會發展中具有重大意義。TheuseoftheInternetisofgreatsignificanceinthedevelopmentofsociety.Ⅳ.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。cause.Usuallysofwaystoraiseawarenessforacause.Usually，the1.Ctheideais，themoreitgetsnoticed.Andthat'spreciselywhyone2.AFrenchmanhascaughtourattention.BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope，surviving3.Condiscarded(丟棄的)food.Thethreemonth,1,900milejourneyfromParistoWarsawisDubanchet's4.BofraisingawarenessoffoodwasteinEuropeandthroughouttheworld.Asyoucanimagine，thetripisnopieceofcake.Whilerestaurants5.Dtonsoffoodeachyear，muchofitremainsinaccessiblebecauseof6.Agarbagecontainers，healthregulations，orbusinesspolicies.Onlyaboutoneintenplacesofferedhimfoodthatwouldotherwisebediscarded.Forlegal7.A，mostrestaurantshaveapolicyagainst8.Bfoodwaste.“Somepeoplehaveeven9.Dtheirjobsbygivingmefood，”Dubanchetsaid.What's10.CinterestingistheattitudevariouscitieshavetowardDubanchet'scause.BerlinhasbeentheeasiestwhilethemostdifficultwastheCzechtownofPilsen.There，hehadto11.Catsome50differentstoresorrestaurantsbeforefindingfood.Thechallengeisallthemoreseriouswhenyouconsiderthe12.CexerciserequiredtobikefromFrancetoPoland.“Ihavetogetfood13.DbecauseafterallthebikingIamtiredandIneedthe14.B，”Dubanchetexplained.“Ismystomachfullorempty?Thatisthemostimportantthing，notwhatIameating.”Heaimsto15.DhisjourneybymidJuly.Withanyluck，he'llturnafewmoreheadsintheprocess.文章大意：本文講述了法國人BaptisteDubanchet一路騎自行車穿越歐洲，途中以丟棄的食物為生，試圖通過他的行為，來喚起人們對食物浪費現象的關注。1．A．cleverer B．olderC．strange D．simpler解析：根據下文中的“themoreitgetsnoticed”可知，此處是“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..(越……，越……)”結構，語意表示“想法越不尋常，就越能引起人們的關注”。2．A．garbageeating B．sportslovingC．foodwasting D．lawbreaking解析：根據下文中的“ondiscarded(丟棄)food”和全文可知，BaptisteDubanchet一路靠丟棄的食物為生，由此可知他是個“吃垃圾的人”。3．A．secretly B．finallyC．entirely D．probably解析：他完全依靠丟棄的食物來維持生活，以此來喚起人們珍惜食物的意識。4．A．purpose B．wayC．opinion D．dream解析：這是一種喚起人們對食物浪費現象進行關注的方式。5．A．store B．cookC．shopfor D．throwaway解析：根據上下文可知，餐館每年要倒掉數噸食物。6．A．locked B．damagedC．connected D．abandoned解析：根據上文可知，這些被丟棄的食物被鎖在了垃圾箱里。7．A．reasons B．rightsC．fees D．aids解析：出于法律上的原因，大部分餐館都有規定，不允許把要丟棄的食物送掉。8．A．beggingfor B．givingawayC．hiding D．causing解析：參考上題解析。giveaway贈送，分發，選B。9．A．did B．keptC．accepted D．risked解析：有些人冒著丟掉工作的風險給我食物。此處risk意為“冒……的風險”。根據語境可知，選D。10．A．hardly B．usuallyC．particularly D．merely解析：特別有意思的是，不同城市對他這種行為的態度各不相同。particularly特別，尤其。根據語境可知，選C。11．A．work B．shoutC．ask D．jump解析：在比爾森市，他不得不詢問了約50家不同的商店或餐館，才討得食物。故選C。12．A．adequate B．rewardingC．demanding D．suitable解析：這是一項費力的活動，需要一路從法國騎自行車到波蘭。根據句意可知，選C。13．A．again B．aloneC．later D．fast解析：根據語意可知，一路騎自行車，到達目的地后又累又餓，肯定需要盡快地獲得食物，以補充身體所需的能量。故選fast。14．A．spirit B．energyC．time D．effort解析：參考上題解析。15．A．arrange B．restartC．report D．finish解析：他打算在7月中旬完成他的此次旅行，故選D。Ⅴ.閱讀理解(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith025dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone，wholedtheteam，describedtheexperiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen，asymbolwouldappear，andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample，thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice；iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了哈佛醫學院做的一項動物實驗，實驗發現猴子能進行基本的加法運算，但加的結果有時會小于總和。1．Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem？CA．Theyfedthem. B．Theynamedthem.C．Theytrainedthem. D．Theymeasuredthem.解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeys...”和“Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.”可知研究者們是先訓練猴子然后才進行測試的，故選C項。其他三項均未提及。2．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment？BA．Bydrawingacircle. B．Bytouchingascreen.C．Bywatchingvideos. D．Bymixingtwodrinks.解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice...”可知猴子們是通過觸碰屏幕得到獎勵的，故選B項。其他三項均不是猴子所做的事。3．WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys？AA．Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.解析：細節理解題。根據第四段第一句可知，研究人員在進行了數百次測試后發現，猴子多半時候會選擇更高的值，這表明它們是在進行計算，而不僅僅是記憶每個組合的值。4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear？DA．Entertainment. B．Health.C．Education. D．Science.解析：推理判斷題。全文圍繞科學實驗展開——研究者訓練猴子并對其進行測試后發現猴子能夠進行簡單的加法運算，但有時計算的結果不夠精確。由此可知，該文章可能出現在報紙的科學版上。Ⅵ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。SupermarketsinVietnamandThailandareleadingthefight1.againstsingleuseplasticsby2.replacing(replace)plasticbagswithbananaleaves.Asweallknow,itisofgreatimportancetotheplanet3.thatwestopusingsomuchbloodyplastic.Firstly,itispoisoningtheseas.Whalesarewashedup4.todie(die)．Itisthehugeamountsofplasticinsidetheir5.stomachs(stomach)thatkillthem.Secondly,ifitispoisoningtheseas,it's6.probably(probable)poisoningus,too,forweeataloadofthingsthatcomeoutofthesea.Lately,anewandencouraging7.development(develop)startedwithaFacebookpostshowingbananaleavesbeingusedintheRimpingsupermarketinChiangMai.Thailand.Afterseeinghowmuchgoodpublicitythepost8.hasgot/gotten(get)inthepastfewmonths,supermarketsinVietnamhaveallfollowedsuit.AccordingtoaspokespersonforLotteMarketinHoChizminhCity,they'reonlydoingthisas9.atest,buttheyplantoexpandtheactionnationwideandhopetobeabletousetheleavesformeataswellasvegetablesbeforetoolong.Besides,anotherVietnamesesupermarket,hasalreadystartedusingbiodegradable(可生物降解的)bags10.made(make)fromcorn.Thisisastepintherightdirectionandwedoneedit.文章大意：這是一篇說明文，主要講述的是越南和泰國的超市正在發起一場反對塑料袋使用的戰役。為了減少環境污染，他們使用香蕉葉來代替一次性塑料袋。解析：1．考查介詞。根據短語fightagainst表示“打擊，反對”。故填against。2．考查非謂語動詞。by是介詞，后跟動名詞做賓語。故填replacing。3．考查連接詞。分析句子結構可知，前面的代詞it是形式主語，后面的that從句是真正的主語。從句不缺少成分，故用that引導。故填that。4．考查形容詞。句意：鯨魚被沖上岸等死。分析句子結構可知die在句中作非謂語動詞，且表示將要發生的事應用不定式。故填todie。5．考查名詞的數。stomach為可數名詞，根據上文their可知應用復數形式，在后面直接加s。故填stomachs。6．考查副詞。修飾句子的謂語ispoisoning應用副詞probably，表示“可能”。故填probably。7．考查名詞。根據上文anewandencouraging可知此處應填單數名詞development，表示“發展”。故填development。8．考查動詞時態。根據時間狀語inthepastfewmonths對應的謂語動詞時態是現在完成時，且主語為seeinghowmuchgoodpublicitythepost，助動詞應用has。故填hasgot/gotten。9．考查冠詞。test為可數名詞，此處表示泛指應用不定冠詞，且test為輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。10．考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知make在句中作非謂語動詞，且make與邏輯主語bags之間為被動關系，應用過去分詞。故填made。SectionⅢUsingLanguage課前自主預習Ⅰ.單詞速記1．radioactive(adj.)放射性的；有輻射能的2．division(n.)分割；劃分；分配；分界線→divide(vt.)分開；分成；分配3．applaud(vi.&vt.)鼓掌歡迎；贊賞4．accelerate(vi.&vt.)5．arrest(vt.)逮捕；吸引(n.)逮捕；拘留6．skilful/skillful(adj.)有技巧的；熟練的→skill(n.)技能；熟練→skilfully/skillfully(adv.)Ⅱ.短語互譯1．beworriedabout擔心；煩惱2．ifonly但愿；要是……就好了3．lookahead向前看；為將來打算4．時而；不時地nowandthen5．追溯到……datebackto/fromeq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(Q))巧學妙記ac作前綴的詞with＋n.→介詞短語accelerate加速；促進accumulate積累；聚集accuracy精確；準確accompany陪同；陪伴accuse控告；控訴withrelief欣慰地withanger生氣地withfear害怕地withease輕易地withdelight高興地Ⅲ.課文理解First略讀主旨1．Matchthegeneralideaofeveryparagraph.Para.1D A．Lalaandherfamiliesmadepreparationsforthefeast.Para.2APara.3B C．HowdidDahumaketools?Para.4C2．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？DA．ThemarriagelifeofLalaandDahu.B．Theseparateresponsibilitiesofmenandwomen.C．Thedifferencebetweenearlylifeandmodernlife.D．Thepreparationworkforafeast.Second細讀細節1．What'sthebesttitleofthetext?CA．ThemarriageofLalaandDahuB．ThecollectionoffoodsC．ThepreparationsforthefeastD．Theseparateresponsibilities2．Accordingtothetext，whichjobwasoftendonebyLala？AA．Collectingfruit.B．Killinganimals.C．Sharpeningscrapers.D．Togofishing.3．WhichjobwasoftendonebyDahu？BA．Preparingmeals.B．Fishing.C．Collectingnuts.D．Makingmoney.4．WhydidLalaaccelerateherwalk？AA．Becauseshefearedwildanimals.B．Becauseshewasarrestedbyadelicioussmell.C．Becauseshe'dliketomeetherhusband.D．Becauseshewaslateforthefeast.5．Accordingtothetext,whatwasLala’sattitudetowardshermarriage？CA．Shefeltsoshy.B．Shefeltsoworried.C．Shefeltverysatisfied.D．Thetextdoesn'ttellus.Third精讀語篇1．Worried(worry)aboutthepreparationsforherfeast,Lalaquicklyturnedforhome.2.Itwasthecustomoffamilygroupstoseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesforreunions.Ifonlyshe3.hadlooked(look)aheadandplanned4.better(good)thisyear,Lalathought.Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedherwalkupthepathtothecaves5.fearing(fear)thattheremightbewildbeasts.Shehadnoman6.withhisspeartoprotecther.Shehadalmostreachedherdestination7.whenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.8.Abruptly(abrupt)Lalasatdown，only9.tobescooped(scoop)upbyhersister,Luna.Lalawasinhigh10.spirits(spirit)whenthefirstoftheguestsfromtheneighbouringcavesbegantoarrivefordinner.Fourth研讀難句1．Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast，Lalaquicklyturnedforhomewithhercollectionofnuts，melonsandotherfruit.分析：本句為簡單句。Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast為過去分詞短語作原因狀語。相當于原因狀語從句Becauseshewasworriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast.worryabout為固定短語，意思是“擔心”。譯文：拉拉擔心她這次盛宴的準備工作，所以趕緊把堅果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起來就快步回家了。2．Itwasthecustomoffamilygroupstoseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesforreunionsastheyfollowedtheanimalherdsacrossthegrasslands.分析：本句為復合句。It為形式主語，真正的主語為toseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesofreunions。astheyfollowedtheanimalherdsacrossthegrasslands為as引導的原因狀語從句。譯文：由于在草原上放牧，家族成員先分散開，然后在不同的地方相聚，這是他們的一個習俗。課內合作探究重點詞匯1．applaudvi.&vt.鼓掌歡迎；贊賞①Theykeptapplaudinglongafterthecurtaincamedown.落幕之后，他們仍長時間鼓掌。②Theaudiencewarmlyapplaudedtheperformers.觀眾向演員們熱烈鼓掌。③Theyapplaudedhimforhiscourage.他們因他的勇氣而稱贊他。注意：applaudsb./sth.向某人/某事鼓掌表示歡迎或贊賞applaudsb.forsth.因某事贊賞某人eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展applausen.鼓掌；喝彩；夸獎；贊揚wintheapplauseof...贏得……的掌聲①Therewascontinuedapplause.掌聲經久不息。②Theaudiencebrokeintorapturousapplause.聽眾中爆發出一片歡呼喝彩聲。③Hisgoodconductdeservesapplause.他的優良品行值得稱贊。④Hisspeechwontheapplauseoftheaudience.他的講話贏得了聽眾的掌聲。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①WeapplaudedBeijingforitsstronganddeterminedleadershipinprotectingthehealthofitspeople.解析：句意：我們贊賞北京在保護老百姓健康方面強大而堅定的領導。②Despitetheiryoungage，thechildrenskillfullyplayedthecharactersandwonmuchapplause(applaud)．解析：句意：盡管他們很年輕，這些孩子嫻熟地扮演了這些角色并因此贏得了很多掌聲。2．acceleratevi.&vt.加速；促進①Thecaracceleratedonthedownhillroad.汽車在下山的路上加速行駛。②Sheacceleratedhercarandpassedthebusinfront.她加快車速超過了前面的公共汽車。③Thenewpolicyacceleratedthefallofthegovernment.新政策的出臺加速了該政府的倒臺。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展accelerationn.加速；加快；加速的幅度；加速能力；加速度acceleratorn.(汽車的)油門；加速器①Itcapturesafivesecondhistoryofspeed,accelerationandbraking.它能記錄5秒鐘內汽車的速度、加速和剎車情況。②Thedriverpressedontheaccelerator,savagelyroaringtheengine.司機踩下油門踏板，引擎轟鳴。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固補全句子①Thelocalgovernmenthastakenmeasurestoacceleratetherateofeconomicgrowth(加快經濟增長的速度)．單句語法填空②Hemadeuphismindtoaccelerate(accelerate)hisadvertisingregardlessofothers'objection.3．arrestvt.逮捕；吸引n．逮捕；拘留①Hegotarrestedforrobbing.他因搶劫被逮捕。②Hewasarrestedforcausingaseriouscaraccident.他因造成嚴重車禍而被逮捕。③Anunusualnoisearrestedmyattention.一陣不尋常的嘈雜聲引起了我的注意。④Thepolicemadeseveralarrestsduringthefootballmatch.警方在足球賽時逮捕了一些人。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展arrestsb.for因……而逮捕某人getarrested被逮捕arrestone'sattention引起某人的注意underarrest在關押中makeanarrest進行拘捕eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①Theyoungmanwasarrestedforhavingstolencomputers.②Whydidthewomangetarrested(arrest)lastnight?③Itissaidthatshewasunderarrestonsuspicionofmurder.重點短語1．lookahead向前看；為將來打算①Lookahead.Whatcanyouseeonthetopofthehill?向前看，你看見山頂上有什么東西？②Youngpeopleoftenlookaheadtothefuturewhiletheelderlylookbackonthepast.青年人常思將來，老年人常思既往。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展lookdownupon/on看不起，歧視lookforwardto盼望，期望lookinto調查，研究lookthrough溫習，仔細檢查，瀏覽lookup查閱lookupto尊敬，敬仰①Thegovernmentwilllookintohowtoreduceunemploymentrate.政府將研究如何降低失業率。②MyfathercertainlyhasgreatinfluenceonmeandIalwayslookuptohim.我父親對我有極深遠的影響，我一直很尊敬他。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固完成句子①Lookingahead，Iamfilledwithconfidenceandenthusiasm.展望未來，我充滿信心和熱情。用look短語的適當形式填空②MrSmithhadtaughtformanyyears,andallstudentslookeduptohim.③Youshouldlookthroughyournotesbeforetheexamination.④We'lllookintothematterfirstbeforecomingtoadecision.2．datebackto...“追溯到……，始于”，相當于datefrom。①Myfamilyhasavase,whichissaidtodatebacktotheMingDynasty.我家有個花瓶，據說是從明代傳下來的。②TombSweepingDaydatesbacktotheSpringandAutumnPeriod.清明節可以追溯到春秋時代。③TheculturalrelicdiscoveredlatelydatesfromtheQingDynasty.最近發現的文物屬于清朝。注意：datebackto和datefrom常用一般現在時，而且無被動語態。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展uptodate最近的；跟上時代的outofdate過時的；廢棄的①Justlikeyourantivirus,youhavetokeepyourfirewalluptodate.就像你的反病毒程序，你要保持你的防火墻是最新的。②Allourinformationiskeptrightuptodateonthecomputer.我們貯存在計算機里的所有信息都跟得上時代的發展。③Thetimetableisoutofdate.這張時間表過期了。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析datebackto和datebackdatebackto“追溯到；始于”，其后接表示具體時間的名詞dateback“上溯；追溯”，其后接表示一段時間的名詞Thehistoryoftheirfamilydatesbackhundredsofyears;thehousewheretheylivedatesbacktothe18thcentury.他們的家族已有幾百年的歷史；他們住的房子始建于18世紀。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固完成句子①Hisinterestintheartcandatebacktoalittleincidentinhischildhood.他對美術的興趣可以追溯到孩童時代的一件小事。選詞填空(outofdate,uptodate,fixadate)②We'llkeepyouuptodatewiththelatestnews.③Youcangiveawaytheoldclothesthatareoutofdatetothoseinneedofclothing.④Wehavetofixadatetodiscusstheproblemcarefully.單句語法填空⑤Everyspringwewilltakepicturesinfrontoftheoldtree,whichdates(date)backtoasearlyas800yearsago.經典句式1．Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast,Lalaquicklyturnedforhomewithhercollectionofnuts,melonsandotherfruit.拉拉擔心她這次盛宴的準備工作，所以趕緊把堅果，甜瓜和其他水果收集起來就快步回家了。worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast為過去分詞短語作狀語，用來描述主語的狀態。Buriedinherhomework,shedidn'tnoticeitwas10o'clock.忙于她的作業，她沒注意到已經10點了。Devotedtohisresearch,hehasnotimetowatchTV,sohedoesn'tknowwhathashappenedtoJapan.致力于他的研究，他沒時間看電視，因此他不知道近來日本發生了什么事。注意：有些動詞或動詞短語常用過去分詞形式作狀語，用來描述主語的狀態。這些詞有excite，tire，frighten，absorb，surprise，shock，satisfy，exhaust等。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①Exhausted(exhaust),helayonthegrass.②Heturnedaway,satisfied(satisfy)．③Addicted(addict)totheInternet,hedidn'tstudyatall.解析：句意：沉溺于網絡，他一點也不學習了。beaddictedto...“沉溺于……”，addictedto為過去分詞短語作狀語，用以說明主語的狀態。2．Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預見，計劃得更好些就好了！ifonly...意為“要是……就好了，但愿……”，其后的句子常用虛擬語氣，表達強烈的愿望或遺憾。ifonly所在的句子可以用一般過去時(表示與現在事實相反的虛擬)、過去將來時(表示與將來事實相反的虛擬)或過去完成時(表示與過去事實相反的虛擬)。Ifonlymymotherwerewithmenow!要是我母親現在和我在一起就好了！Ifonlyhewouldreplytomyletter!要是他能給我回信就好了！注意：“Ifonly＋句子”是一個固定句型，表示一種愿望，意為“要是……就好了，但愿……”。①“ifonly...could/would＋do...”表示與將來事實相反的愿望。Idreadthecomingexams.IfonlyIcouldhavetimetoreviewmylessons.我對即將到來的考試非常擔心。如果我有時間復習該多好啊。②“ifonly...did...”表示與目前或現在事實相反的愿望。IfonlyIhadanotherchance.要是我再有一次機會就好了。③“ifonly...haddone...”表示與過去事實相反的愿望。Ifonlyyouhadcometohelpusyesterday!你要是昨天來幫我們就好了！eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(W))溫馨提示onlyif“只有……才”，引導條件狀語從句，不用虛擬語氣，其中only表示強調。因為狀語從句放在句首，又用only強調，所以主句主謂要倒裝。Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformationyouneedtoknow.你只有提出了許多不同的問題之后才有可能獲得你需要知道的信息。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①—Anyinformationaboutyourson?—No,ifonlyIhadn'tsaid(say)thosetoughwordstohim.解析：考查虛擬語氣。答句句意：沒有，要是我不對他說那些狠話就好了。ifonly意為“要是……就好了”，需用虛擬語氣。從對話的語境可知，對兒子說狠話是在過去發生的事，故用過去完成時。②Ifonlyhehadlain(lie)quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.解析：考查固定句式。句意：如果他按醫生的囑咐安靜地躺著就好了，他現在就不會遭這么多罪了。ifonly“要是……就好了；但愿……”。根據句意可知“躺”的動作發生在過去，表示對過去的虛擬，故用過去完成時。③—DidJacktakethedoctor'sadvicethathe(should)lie(lie)inbedforanotherthreedays?—Ifonlyhehadlain(lie)．解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：——杰克采納醫生讓他在床上再躺三天的建議了嗎？——他要是躺著就好啦。advice“建議”，后面同位語從句的謂語部分應該用“(should＋)動詞原形”的結構。根據語境可知他并未采納醫生的建議，故ifonly引導的句子與過去事實相反，故用過去完成時。④Otherstellyouthattheywouldgosomuchfurtherintheircareerifonlytheyhad(have)acollegeeducation.解析：考查固定句式。句意：其他人告訴你要是他們接受了大學教育的話，他們就會在事業方面走更遠。ifonly意為“要是……就好了”，表示與現在事實相反的假設，故用一般過去時。3．Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedherwalkupthepathtothecavesfearingthattheremightbewildbeastslyinginwaitforher.聽見狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，擔心會有野獸在等著她。此句中多處用了現在分詞?！癏avingheardwolveshowlingintheforest”為現在分詞的完成式在句中作原因狀語，其中“howlingintheforest”為現在分詞短語作賓語補足語，而“fearingthat...”在句中作伴隨狀語，其中that從句為動詞fear的賓語，從句中的“lyinginwaitforher”為分詞短語作后置定語修飾wildbeasts。Havingfinishedhisreport,Tomwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.完成了他的報告，湯姆去操場打籃球了。Isawhimtalkingwithhisteacherjustnow.剛才我看見他正和他老師談話。Theywalkedontheroadtothelibrary,talkingandlaughing.他們走在去圖書館的路上，說說笑笑。Thisisthedogbarkingjustnow.這就是剛才叫喚的那只狗。注意：現在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，它與主語之間構成主謂關系；現在分詞作賓語補足語，與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系；現在分詞作定語，與所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關系。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①Havingfinished(finish)aday'swork，shewenthomeatoncefearingthatthereweremanycarsdrivinghomeontheroad.②Living(live)inasoutherncityofChina,Ihaveneverseensuchawonderfulsnowview.③Nothavinggrown(notgrow)upyet,you'renotallowedtoenterthebars.4．Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.快到達目的地的時候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她停下來，不往前走了。句中“haddone...when...”是一個常用句型，意為“(剛)做完了……就在那時……”。when表示“就在那時”時，常見句式及意義如下：Hewastalkingabouthisplanswhensuddenlythelightswentoff.他還在喋喋不休地講著他的計劃，這時燈突然滅了。Iwasabouttogotobedwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我正要上床睡覺，這時有人敲門。Wehadhardlyarrivedwhenitbegantosnow.我們剛到就開始下雪了。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①(2017·天津卷改編)Iwasdriving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.解析：考查固定句型。句意：我正開車去倫敦時，突然我發現我走錯了路。was/weredoingsth.＋when(suddenly)did...,when為并列連詞，意為：就在這時(那時)。②Iwasabouttoleavetheroomwhenthebellrang.完成句子③Ihadalmostfinishedmyworkwhenthepowerwentout.我剛要完成工作的時候停電了。5．Hechoseonelargestoneandbegantouseitlikeahammerstrikingtheedgeofthescraperthatneededsharpening.他選了一大塊石頭，把它當作錘子敲打一個需要磨快的石刮刀邊沿。(1)本句中and連接兩個并列謂語，that引導的定語從句修飾先行詞scraper。(2)句中neededsharpening中的sharpening是動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，英語中need，want，require等動詞后可以接動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，也可以用動詞不定式的被動形式表示被動意義。Thehouseneedscleaning/tobecleaned.這所房子需要打掃一下。Thesentencewantsexplaining/tobeexplainedagain.這個句子需要再解釋一遍。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展在英語表達當中有很多用的是主動形式，但表達的意義卻是被動的，現總結如下：①表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel，sound，taste，look等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動含義。Themixturetastedterrible.這種混合物嘗起來味道很不好。②表達事物行為、方式的動詞open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash等習慣上以主動形式表示被動含義。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.這種布料很好洗。Thenewdoorwon'topen.新門打不開。③“be＋形容詞＋不定式”結構常表示被動含義。Theproblemishardtosolve.這問題很難解決。④beonshow,beonsale,beunderdiscussion等表被動意義。Summerclothesareonsale.夏裝正在出售。⑤“beworthdoing”結構表示被動含義。Thefilmisworthseeing.這部電影值得一看。⑥“不定式作后置定語”結構表示被動含義。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝點什么嗎？eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固完成句子①Theserawmeatneedscuttingup/tobecutup.這些生肉需要切碎。②Thefloorrequireswashing/tobewashed.地板需要沖洗。