第六單元：詩歌翻譯（二）教學目標讓學生了解英語格律詩的特點熟悉英語格律詩漢譯的原則體會英語格律詩漢譯的相關策略和方法英詩的格律詩，不同于散文語言主要在于它具有音樂美——抑揚頓挫的節奏與和諧回旋的音韻。“節奏”和“韻”是構成詩歌音樂美的基本要素。英詩格律（簡稱詩律Metrics,Prosody,Versification）指的是詩歌結構形式中運用語音手段而形成的一套規范。它主要包括節奏（rhythm）和音韻（rhyme）兩個重要因素。SONNET181.ShallI/compare/theeto/asum/mer’sday?2.Thouart/morelove/lyand/moretem/perate:3.Roughwinds/doshake/thedar/lingbuds/ofMay,4.Andsum/mer'slease/hathall/tooshort/adate:5.Sometime/toohot/theeye/ofhea/venshines,6.Andof/tenis/hisgold/comple/xiondimm'd;7.Andeve/ryfair/fromfair/sometime/declines,8.Bychance,/orna/ture'schan/gingcourse,/untrimm'd;9.Butthy/eter/nalsum/mershall/notfade,10.Norlose/posses/sionof/thatfair/thouow'st;11.Norshall/Deathbrag/thouwan/der’stin/hisshade,12.Whenin/eter/nallines/totime/thougrowest;13.Solong/asmen/canbreathe/,oreyes/cansee,14.Solong/livesthis/,andthis/giveslife/tothee.Sonnet18ShakespeareansonnetisalsocalledtheEnglishsonnet,withthreefour-linestanzas(quatrains)andatwo-lineunitcalledacouplet(對子).Therhymeschemeisasfollows:

Firststanza(quatrain):ABAB;Secondstanza(quatrain):CDCD;Thirdstanza(quatrain):EFEF;Couplet:GG.IambicPentameteriambus:ametricalfootconsistingofanunstressedsyllable(-)followedbyastressedsyllable(\),e.g.:begin(-\).Apentametermeansalineofverseconsistingoffivemetricalfeet.Afootis(usually)twoorthreesyllablesthatcontainonestrongstress.RhymeSchemeofSonnet18Quatrain1

A

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sDAY?

B

ThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperATE:

A

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMAY,,

B

Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortaDATE:

Quatrain2

C

SometimetoohottheeyeofheavenSHINES,.

D

AndoftenishisgoldcomplexionDIMM'D;.

C

AndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeCLINES,

D

Bychanceornature'schangingcourseunTRIMM'D;.

Quatrain3

E

ButthyeternalsummershallnotFADE,

F

NorlosepossessionofthatfairthouOWEST;.

E

NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisSHADE,

F

WhenineternallinestotimethouGROWEST:.Couplet

G

SolongasmencanbreatheoreyescanSEE,

G

SolonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetoTHEE.

Shakespeare’sSonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:能不能讓我來把你比作夏日？你可是更加可愛，更加溫婉；yougentleYouareShakespeare’sSonnet18RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:狂風會吹落五月里開的好花兒，夏季租出的日子又未免太短暫：

charming;pleasinghasduration,timeallottedalimitedperiodoftimeShakespeare’sSonnet18SometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;有時候蒼天的巨眼照得太灼熱，他那金彩的臉色也會被遮暗；sometimes,fromtimetotimethesunnotbrightnaturalcolorandappearanceoftheskinofthefaceShakespeare’sSonnet18Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;每一樣美呀，總會離開美而凋落，被時機或者自然的代謝所摧殘；everybeautifulthingorpersonfrombeautyfortunestrippedofbeautyUntrimmedbychance,ornature’schangingcourseShakespeare’sSonnet18Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;但是你永久的夏天決不會凋枯，你永遠不會失去你美的形相；existingforeverlosecolor,freshnessorvigorowestownShakespeare’sSonnet18Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:死神夸不著你在他影子里躑躅，你將在不朽的詩中與時間同長；

wanderboastthougrow’sttotimegrow—growestShakespeare’sSonnet18

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.只要人類在呼吸，眼睛看得見，我這詩就活著，使你的生命綿延。(屠岸譯)thispoem莎士比亞的第十八首十四行詩表達了人文主義的主題思想：愛征服一切，美常駐人間。莎士比亞的第十八首十四行詩結構嚴謹，韻律和諧，讀起來節奏鮮明，抑揚有致。采用了四四四二體，即三個四行和一個雙偶句。在前面充分的鋪墊之后，用兩句結束全詩，點明主題。賞析這首詩的格律是嚴整的抑揚格五音步。每行有十個音節（五個音步，詩中用“/”劃分），其韻式為ababcdcdefefgg，如每行的結尾“day-may”、“temperate-date”、“shines-declines”、“dimm'd-untrimm'd”、“fade-shade”、“ow'st-grow'st”和“see-thee”都構成押韻。賞析屠岸先生的譯文對此詩的格律處理得十分恰當，在充分考慮到英漢語言的差異和各自的特點的基礎上，采用了形式上的“以