第一單元單詞學(xué)習(xí)材料第1頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Rescueworkershauledpassengersoutofthecrashedtrain.haul:vt.1.

transport,aswithatruck,cart,etc.Thefarmershaulvegetablestothemarketonatruckeverymorning.2.

pullordragsth.witheffortorforceAcranehadtobeusedtohaulthecaroutofthestream.救援隊把藥品和食物運到被淹的村莊。Therescueteamhauledmedicalsuppliesandfoodtothefloodedvillages.第2頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_haul2這幾個詞都是動詞，都有“拖”、“拉”、“拽”之意。haul,drag&pullCF:Lorrieshaulheavygoodsfromfactoriestoports.大卡車把沉重的貨物從工廠運到港口。haul指緩慢而費力地拖一極重之物，有時可表示很困難地拽。例如：drag指施力者在地面或表面上緩慢而沉重地把東西拖過一段距離，該詞通常使人想到主動或被動的阻力。例如：Youmightdragaheavyboxacrossthegroundifyoucouldn’tliftit.如果你提不動一個重箱子，你可以在地上拖著它走。第3頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_haul3pull為最普通用詞，可指朝各個方向拉，并不強調(diào)用力大小。該詞后面可添加副詞或副詞詞組具體描述拖拉動作的用力大小或方向等。例如：

Theypulledhardbuttherockremainedstock-still.他們使勁地拉，可那石頭仍紋絲不動。第4頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Shehasbeenillandmusthavesupplementstoherordinaryfood.DR_word_supplementsupplement:1.

vt.addtosth.inordertoimproveit(followedbywith)Petersupplementshisordinaryincomebywritingbooks.醫(yī)生建議在我的飲食中補充維生素E和A。ThedoctorsuggestedsupplementingmydietwithvitaminsEandA.2.n.

anadditionalamountofsth.DoyoureadthecolorsupplementsoftheSundaynewspapers?你讀周日報紙的彩色增刊嗎？第5頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_sprayspray:vt.forceoutliquidinsmalldropsupon(followedbywith)TheysprayedthePresident’scarwithbullets.汽車開過，濺了我一身水。Acarwentpastandsprayedmewithwater.I’llhavetospraytheroseswithinsecticidetogetridofthegreenfly(蚜蟲).第6頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_pursuepursue:vt.1.

bebusywith;continue(steadily)withAftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfatherasadoctor.2.followesp.inordertocatch,kill,ordefeatThepolicearepursuinganescapedprisoner.Heispursuinghisstudiesattheuniversity.第7頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_wickedwicked:adj.

evilorbadWeareallborngood,butcanbetaughttobewicked.他真邪惡。Thatwaswickedofhim.Ihavesuchawickedtoothache.第8頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_getthroughgetthrough:comesuccessfullytotheend當(dāng)?shù)卣巡扇∫恍┐胧┮源_保所有人順利過冬。Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoensurethatallthepeoplewillgetthroughthewinter.Shegotthroughtheentranceexaminationandwasacceptedbythecollege.第9頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_atthatpointatthatpoint:atthatverymoment;rightthenThetrainwasnowonlyacoupleofyardsfromthekidsonthetrack.Atthatpoint,Anthonythrewhimselfforwardandpulledthemclear.Themansuddenlyheldupaposter.Atthatpoint,allTVcameraswerepointedathim.第10頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_onbalanceonbalance:withallthingsconsideredOnbalance,it’sprobablynotadvisabletochangethecompany’sname.我想，總的來說我更喜歡新的操作系統(tǒng)。Ithink,onbalance,Ipreferthenewoperatingsystem.NB:balance的反義詞是imbalance。此外，與balance有關(guān)的其他搭配有：keepone’sbalance 保持平衡loseone’sbalance 失去平衡strikeabalance 力求折中inthebalance 不確定，成敗或安危未定第11頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_illustrateillustrate:vt.providewithvisualfeatures;clarifybyuseofexamples,etc.Letmeuseanotherexampletoillustratethisdifficultpoint.這三個詞都是動詞，都有“舉例說明”之意。illustrate,exemplify&demonstrateCF:Thewaythatapumpworksisusedtoillustratehowtheheartsendsbloodaroundthebody.水泵的工作原理可用來解釋心臟是如何將血液送至全身各處的。illustrate表示不僅使用具體事例而且有時使用圖畫，目的是使說明生動、逼真或有效，從而真實地說明某一觀點。例如：第12頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_exemplifyexemplify可用于舉例說明某一籠統(tǒng)、抽象的陳述，也可用于舉出某事物的典型或范例。例如：Knightsexemplifiedcourageandcourtesy.武士們是勇敢與禮貌的榜樣。Galileodemonstratedthatobjectsofdifferentweightsfallatthesamespeed.伽俐略證實了重量不同的物體以同樣的速度下落。demonstrate表示用充足且可靠的證據(jù)證實某一學(xué)術(shù)觀點或結(jié)論，也可用于說明人或事。例如：第13頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_digestdigest:Reader’sDigestisapopularmagazineintheUS.1.

n.ashortaccountofwrittenmaterialsordataIheardherspeech,butIhaven’tdigestedityet.瑪麗吃肥肉不消化。Marycan’tdigestfat.2.

v.Hewassobusythatheonlyreadaconcisedigestoftheirproject.1)changesth.intoaformthatthebodycanuse吸收新思想往往需要很長時間。Itoftentakeslongtimetodigestnewideas.2)thinkaboutsth.carefullyandunderstandit第14頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_generategenerate:

vt.bringintoexistence;produce煤燃燒時，產(chǎn)生熱量。Whencoalburns,itgeneratesheat.Theteacher’sremarkgeneratedloudlaughter.ThewidespreaduseofSpanishinsomeAmericancitieshasgeneratedapublicdebateoverlanguageuseinthecountry.第15頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_insurance1insurance:n.guaranteeofcompensationforloss,damage,

sickness,death,etc.inreturnforregularpaymentDoesyourinsurancecoverdamagebyflooding?Ourfirmcarriesfireinsurance.第16頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_insurance2Collocation：意外保險accidentinsurance醫(yī)療保險medicalinsurance私人健康保險privatehealthinsurance 傷殘保險disabilityinsurance社會保險socialinsurance失業(yè)保險unemploymentinsurance終身人壽保險wholelifeinsurance第17頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_pickuppickup:WheredidyoupickupyourexcellentEnglish?6)collectsomeoneorsomethingfromaplacePleasepickupallyourtoyswhenyou’vefinishedplaying.

Ifhelosesthecase,Michaelwillhavetopickupthebillforlegalcosts.I’llpickyouupatyourhotel.Shepickedupastoneandthrewitatthewindow.

Maryhasbeenill,butshe’spickingupnow.

1)bereadytopay4)takeholdofandliftup3)gain;get2)improve5)gathertogether;collectMatchthefollowingsentenceswithappropriatedefinitionsabove.(3)(5)(1)(6)(4)(2)第18頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_premiumpremium:n.asumofmoneypaidregularlytoaninsurancecompanytoprotectsb.againstsomeriskoflossordamageTheemployersmaketheemployeespayforalargeportionoftheirhealthinsurancepremium.他抱怨說，今年汽車保險費增加得太多。Heiscomplainingthatcarinsurancepremiumshaveincreasedtoomuchthisyear.第19頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_asidefromasidefrom:exceptfor;inadditionto(moreusualinAmericanEnglish;sameasapartfrom)Asidefromanoccasionalgameoftennis,hedoesn’ttakeanyexercise.萬籟俱寂，只有從遠(yuǎn)處偶爾傳來汽車?yán)嚷暋verythingwasquiet,asidefromtheoccasionalsoundofacarhorninthedistance.Thiscompositionisgoodasidefromacoupleofspellingmistakes.第20頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_cutbackcutback:reduceinsizeoramountThegovernmenthascutbackondefensespending.我們反對任何削減教育預(yù)算的計劃。Weopposeanyplanstocutback(on)educationbudget.Pattern:cutbacksth.;cutbackonsth.第21頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_dineoutdineout:eatamealawayfromhome(usu.inarestaurant)I’mgoingtodineoutwithPetertonight.Withtheimprovementofliving

standards,moreandmorepeopledineoutatweekends.第22頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_suspect1suspect:1.v.

Istronglysuspectthatthey’retryingtogetridofme.Thepolicesuspecthimofmurder.Pattern:suspectthat…1)

believetobetrue,likelyorprobable2)

believetobeguiltyPattern:suspectsb./sth.ofsth.第23頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_suspect2Thepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsinconnectionwiththebankrobbery.2.n.apersonwhoissuspectedofguilt,esp.inacrimeThatisarathersuspectanswer;Idon’tbelieveit.3.adj.ofuncertaintruth,quality,etc.第24頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_suspect3這幾個詞都可用作動詞，都有“主觀想像”之意suspect,assume&presumeCF:Wesuspectedthathewaslost,evenbeforeweweretold.別人告訴我們之前，我們就懷疑他失蹤了。Heissuspectedofmurderingthatoldlady.他被懷疑殺了那位老婦人。suspect

意思是“猜想”、“覺得會”、“有點感覺到”，表示有（某事物）存在的想法。另外，該詞有“懷疑”、“懷疑某人有…罪”之意。例如：第25頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_suspect4assume

意思是“假定”、“設(shè)想”，指把一件尚未證實的事作為事實或真理。例如：Heassumedthatthetrainwouldbeontime.他假定火車會準(zhǔn)時到達。presume

也有“假定”、“設(shè)想”的意思，但它指根據(jù)過去的經(jīng)驗或某些現(xiàn)實的感覺認(rèn)為某事屬實，雖然還沒有確鑿的證據(jù)。例如：Thecourtpresumedthedeathofthemanwhodisappearedduringthewar.法庭假定那個在戰(zhàn)爭中失蹤的人已死亡。第26頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_budget1budget:n.aplanofhowtoarrangeprivateorpublicincomeorspendingAdamlimitshimselftoadailybudgetof$10.最后，政府平衡預(yù)算的努力以失敗告終。Atlast,thegovernment’seffortstobalancethebudgetendedinfailure.第27頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_budget2Collocation：制定預(yù)算drawupabudget提交一項預(yù)算報告submitabudget平衡預(yù)算balanceabudget超出預(yù)算exceedabudget減少預(yù)算cut/reduceabudget聯(lián)邦/家庭收支/市政/國家預(yù)算a

federal/household/municipal/nationalbudget第28頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_scalescale:n.arelativelevelordegree(usu.usedinthephraseona…scale)Wetestedournewteachingmethodsonasmallscale.Indeedonlysixclasseswereinvolvedinit.這項工程規(guī)模浩大地展開了。Theprojectwasundertakenonagrandscale.第29頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_temptationtemptation:n.thefeelingofbeingtemptedtodosth.wrongorharmful;thethingyouwanttohaveThekidscan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’s.Hecouldn’tresistthe

temptationtostealthejewel.第30頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_temptation1Collocation：克服誘惑overcometemptation抵制誘惑resisttemptation受到誘惑beexposedtotemptation面臨誘惑facetemptation向誘惑屈服succumbtotemptation讓某人受誘惑place/puttemptationinsb.’sway第31頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_device1device:n.apieceofequipmentdesignedtoserveaspecialpurposeTheysuspectedthatanexplosivedevicehadbeenleftsomewhereinsidethebuilding.她發(fā)明了一種能在下雨時自動關(guān)閉窗戶的裝置。Sheinventedadevicethatautomaticallycloseswindowswhenitrains.device,instrument&implement這幾個詞都可用作名詞，都有“用具”、“器具”之意。CF:第32頁，課件共37頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月DR_word_device2Ihavefittedadevicetomycarwhichopensthegaragedoorsautomatically.我車上裝了一個能自動開啟車庫門的裝置。instrument表示“器械”、“儀器”、“（發(fā)動機或航海、航空等的）測量儀器

”、“儀表”，表示為技術(shù)工作設(shè)計的工具，著重于工具的精密與復(fù)雜。例如：Allsurgicalinstrumentsmustbesterilizedbefo