非謂語動詞Non-finiteVerbGerunds&Infinitives1，2，3非謂語動詞10種形式過去分詞done（被動&完成）現在分詞doing（動作進行）havingdone（主動&完成&先后）beingdone（被動&進行）havingbeendone(被動&完成&先后）不定式

to

do

(主動&將來）tobedoing(主動&進行）tohavedone(主動&完成）tobedone(被動&將來）Tohavebeendone(被動&完成）

clean-1,2,31.cleaned2.cleaning/beingcleanedhavingcleaned/havingbeencleaned3.toclean/tobecleanedtobecleaningtohavecleanedtohavebeencleaned

write-1,2,31.written2.writing/beingwrittenhavingwritten/havingbeenwritten3.towrite/tobewrittentobewritingtohavewrittentohavebeenwrittenComparetheroomcleanedbyme被動完成theroombeingcleanedbyme被動進行theroomtobecleanedbyme被動將來--Tom,

will

you

take

part

in

the

meeting

______tomorrow

afternoon?--Itdepends.A.toholdB.heldC.beingheldD.tobeheld主動將來被動將來Compare1.Standingontopofthemountain,Icanoverlookourbeautifulcity.

站與謂語動詞動作同時發生俯視

2.Havingstoodontopofthemountainforalongtime,I

felt

alittletired.先站先后關系，動作持續后感到

A:

The

storm

hit

the

area,__B___alotofdamage.

同時B:Thestormleftthearea,__C___alotofdamage.

先再離開A.causedB.causingC.havingcausedD.beingcausedCompareseem

to

be

doingseemtobedoneseemtohavedoneseemtohavebeendone

pretend+tobedoing/tohavedoneWhenmomcameintheboypretend____hishomework.A.todoB.tobedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavedone答題方法1，2，31.看主語2.看關系3.看搭配

Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.

被動A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow

被動完成被動現在被動將來主動將來

搭配1.逗號后不接動詞不定式，但副詞+不定式除外2.havingdone只用作狀語3.有些動詞后只接todo，有些只接V+ing;有些兩者均可，但意思不同4.再如：makesb.do/makeoneselfdone;havesb.do;have…done/have…doingseesb.doing/doWhenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered____attheparty,butnot_____.A.

to

arrive;

leavingB.arriving;leavingC.toarrive;toleaveD.arriving;toleave時態TENSE

三入口12312tenses離不開3入口一般過去時：1個過去（動作發生，不持續）woulddo:過去看將來過去進行時：過去（1.某個時間點。2.某個時間段一直持續。）現在完成時：兩個持續（1.影響持續到現在。2.動作持續到現在，有可能持續下去。）過去完成時與過去完成進行時：過去某段時間之前完成（BeforeIcamehere，標志詞）將來完成時：將來某時之前完成(I’llhavedone…by5tomorrowafternoon.)當時完成時過去現在先后邏輯1.WhenItalkedwithmygrandpaonthephone,hesoundedweak,butbythetime

we_________up,hisvoicehadbeenfulloflife.v1v2A.werehangingB.hadhungC.hungD.wouldhungJohnwasgiventhesamesuitcasehisfatherandgrandfather_____withthemtoschool.A.tookB.hadtakenC.weretakingD.wouldtakeV1V22.Edward,youplaysowell.But

I

_____youplayedthepiano.A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.don’tknowD.haven’tknown當時不知道

搭配/瞬延邏輯I