由中國社會科學院財政與貿(mào)易研究所倪鵬飛博士牽頭，兩岸四地城市競爭力專家共同攜手，國內(nèi)著名高校、國家權(quán)威統(tǒng)計部門和地方科研院所近百名專家歷時大半年時間聯(lián)合完成，社科文獻出版社出版的《2010年中國城市競爭力藍皮書：中國城市競爭力報告》（以下簡稱報告）于2010年4月26、27日分別在北京和香港發(fā)布。在外部經(jīng)濟危機、內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的背景下，2009年中國城市在國際地位提升的同時，國內(nèi)城市競爭力格局也發(fā)生了微妙的變化。從總體來看，五區(qū)域分享前十，沿海城市北進南退；全國城市整體起飛，潛力城市各具特色。東南優(yōu)勢略有下降，全國城市間差距縮小；浙江城市競爭力有所下滑，內(nèi)蒙古吉林競爭力增長連續(xù)領(lǐng)先。報告對全國294個地級以上城市綜合競爭力進行比較發(fā)現(xiàn)：中國最具競爭力的前十名城市依次是：香港、深圳、上海、北京、臺北、廣州、天津、高雄、大連、青島。綜合增長競爭力前十名的城市：鄂爾多斯、鐵嶺、通化（前三個城市并列第一）、遼源、松原、營口、清遠、白山、包頭、巴彥淖爾。經(jīng)濟規(guī)模競爭力前十名的城市：香港、上海、北京、深圳、廣州、天津、臺北、佛山、杭州、東莞。經(jīng)濟效率競爭力前十名的城市：香港、臺北、高雄、新竹、臺中、澳門、深圳、東營、臺南、東莞。發(fā)展成本競爭力前十名的城市：海口、亳州、三亞、香港、成都、咸陽、隨州、常德、長春、基隆。產(chǎn)業(yè)層次競爭力前十名的城市：香港、北京、臺北、新竹、深圳、上海、高雄、臺中、基隆、臺南。收入水平競爭力前十名的城市：香港、澳門、上海、深圳、臺北、北京、新竹、廈門、高雄、鄂爾多斯。報告對樣本城市的競爭力進行了回溯計算。過去五年競爭力穩(wěn)步提升的十個城市分別是防城港、清遠、贛州、通化、鄂爾多斯、樂山、廊坊、咸陽、澳門、大連。它們分別屬于不同的區(qū)域、規(guī)模和發(fā)展階段，這反映出中國城市競相爭先的態(tài)勢，不同類型的城市都有提升最快、潛力最大的城市。報告對全國56個重點城市的八個分項競爭力進行比較發(fā)現(xiàn)：人才本體競爭力前10名城市依次是：香港、北京、深圳、天津、上海、澳門、杭州、中山、東莞和武漢。企業(yè)本體競爭力前10名城市依次是：上海、蘇州、唐山、深圳、北京、廣州、武漢、包頭、紹興和南京主要產(chǎn)業(yè)本體競爭力前10名城市依次是：北京、東莞、上海、杭州、香港、重慶、武漢、成都、廣州和濟南。公共部門競爭力前10名城市依次是：上海、北京、紹興、香港、深圳、重慶、杭州、澳門、南通和天津。生活環(huán)境競爭力前10名城市依次是：北京、上海、香港、廣州、武漢、南京、重慶、澳門、西安和杭州。商務(wù)環(huán)境競爭力前10名城市依次是：香港、上海、珠海、蘇州、深圳、青島、澳門、寧波（并列第七）、天津和廈門。創(chuàng)新環(huán)境競爭力前10名城市依次是：上海、北京、深圳、香港、廣州、天津、大連、長沙、寧波和東莞。社會環(huán)境競爭力前10名城市依次是：香港、中山、珠海、廈門、大連、澳門、杭州、深圳、東莞和沈陽。在案例研究部分，課題組根據(jù)過去五年全國城市發(fā)展的格局，以及未來全球、中國發(fā)展的主導力量及其趨勢，比較各城市內(nèi)外環(huán)境，從294個城市中按城市規(guī)模分三類遴選了24個城市進行深入的案例研究分析。需要指出的是：這24個城市分屬不同的城市規(guī)模。因此，這三個類別的城市具有不可比性；無論是哪個類別的城市都具有跨越的可能。另外，該判斷是基于課題組在定量研究基礎(chǔ)上的定性判斷，其準確性還有待檢驗。其中，一線城市有四個，分別為北京、上海、天津和重慶；二線城市有十個，分別為臺中、成都、沈陽、南京、合肥、武漢、長沙、南昌、寧波和蘇州；三線城市有十個，分別為三亞、東營、唐山、吉林、柳州、東莞、開封、嘉興、佛山和咸陽。本次報告的年度主題為：“競爭力：城市與國家同進退”。主題報告首先提出分析國家競爭力的理論框架，從主體素質(zhì)、國內(nèi)供給、國內(nèi)需求、國內(nèi)聯(lián)系、全球聯(lián)系和公共制度六個方面構(gòu)建評價國家競爭力的指標體系，對中國國家競爭力進行實證分析，并總結(jié)國家競爭力戰(zhàn)略的國際經(jīng)驗，提出提升中國國家競爭力的戰(zhàn)略建議。中國國家競爭力的實證分析將中國與G20國家相比。總體上，歐美國家穩(wěn)居前列，中國中等增長顯著。從全球格局來看，先發(fā)國家優(yōu)勢依然，后發(fā)國家崛起迅速。2008年G20國家競爭力排名為：美國、歐盟、日本、澳大利亞、加拿大、德國、英國、法國、中國、韓國、意大利、俄羅斯、巴西、印度、阿根廷、沙特阿拉伯、南非、印度尼西亞、土耳其和墨西哥。前十名中亞洲國家有3個，其他均為歐美裔國家，而發(fā)展中國家只有中國進入前十。后十名主要分布在亞非拉美地區(qū)，以新興經(jīng)濟體為主。從中國方位來看，中國中游凸顯優(yōu)勢，潛力巨大趕超強勁。2008年，中國國家競爭力在G20國家中排名第9,與2004年沒有變化，但從指數(shù)上看增長迅速，與發(fā)達國家的差距不斷縮小，表明正逐步融入世界強國行列，凸顯中國崛起的優(yōu)勢。本報告判斷，伴隨著全球政治、經(jīng)濟、科技和文化格局的調(diào)整和中國的崛起，中國到2020年有望成為全球重要的經(jīng)濟決策中心。報告在借鑒其他國家的基礎(chǔ)上，提出提升中國國家競爭力的整體戰(zhàn)略：梯次追趕戰(zhàn)略。戰(zhàn)略定位為：邁向全球經(jīng)濟、科技、文化的重要中心。具體戰(zhàn)略目標是：至V 2020年，中國成為綜合強大、關(guān)鍵一流、整體中上的先進國家。戰(zhàn)略路徑為：高端引領(lǐng)與重點跨越；成本領(lǐng)先與整體漸進；規(guī)模競爭和多層合作；提升品質(zhì)與營銷品牌；擴大開放，內(nèi)外互動。報告提出通過集群式城市化推進國家競爭力的提升，提出中國城市集群化發(fā)展的目標定位：到2030年形成多層次、開放性的城市群體系。提出中國城市集群化發(fā)展的基本原則：集中發(fā)展、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、集約發(fā)展、網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展、梯度發(fā)展、功能緊湊和硬件完善。中國城市集群化發(fā)展的對策措施是：（1）將城市集群化發(fā)展作為國家區(qū)域政策的中心；（2）制定面向2030年的城市群體系發(fā)展規(guī)劃；（3）建立并完善城市群的治理機制；（4）改革行政管理體制；（5）改善城市集群化發(fā)展的制度環(huán)境；（6）優(yōu)化城市集群化發(fā)展的政策支持體系；（7）構(gòu)建城市集群化發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這份由社會科學文獻出版社出版的藍皮書是中國城市競爭力課題組的第八次年度報告，報告主題前瞻、評述客觀、內(nèi)容豐富、數(shù)據(jù)翔實，報告對各級政府尤其是城市政府部門、國內(nèi)外企業(yè)、有關(guān)研究機構(gòu)、社會公眾具有重要的決策參考意義和研究借鑒價值。中國294個城市綜合競爭力五年歷史回溯城市2009年綜合競爭力排名2008年綜合競爭力排名2007年綜合競爭力排名2006年綜合競爭力排名2005年綜合競爭力排名香港0.89510.89810.89610.89910.8631深圳0.76020.77820.75720.74730.7123上海0.75930.77830.75530.75320.7312北京0.74940.74540.72540.72140.6665臺北0.70550.72550.69150.68360.6814廣州0.66660.68460.66870.66670.6388天津0.65270.64790.631100.622120.59015高雄0.64680.67070.67660.69450.6616大連0.64490.631120.620120.597180.58418青島0.639100.65680.63680.617140.60612蘇州0.636110.645100.63390.631110.60613杭州0.636120.641110.627110.634100.61311澳門0.630130.621150.587200.584220.56623沈陽0.627140.614170.585210.563280.55028東莞0.622150.611180.579240.538370.49846長沙0.615160.605220.589180.586210.55326

無錫0.613170.630130.618130.620130.60014武漢0.613180.601230.549320.581240.55127廈門0.610190.619160.605150.596190.57420寧波0.604200.610190.600170.608170.58716南京0.604210.608210.588190.591200.57719合肥0.604220.587280.561270.552300.51837成都0.604230.597240.584220.569260.55525佛山0.601240.623140.603160.616150.56922東營0.599250.589270.576250.565270.53132臺中0.585260.609200.571260.582230.58617濟南0.585270.590260.581230.580250.57121臺南0.579280.567310.558280.608160.61710長春0.572290.546390.531410.548330.55624鄂爾多斯0.571300.547380.507520.503560.45773珠海0.568310.571290.556290.549310.53929基隆0.565320.591250.609140.64980.6379煙臺0.565330.555350.543370.530410.51041常州0.564340.570300.556300.549320.53531中山0.563350.563320.549330.540360.50544呼和浩特0.561360.521520.518470.507480.46070福州0.558370.562340.543360.541350.52035南昌0.557380.555360.549340.553290.52534西安0.553390.535420.528420.530400.51539包頭0.552400.534440.499580.480670.44779鄭州0.551410.554370.546350.542340.52733重慶0.546420.563330.539380.528430.51738南通0.540430.546400.535390.529420.49249石家莊0.537440.530450.532400.532390.51936溫州0.533450.534430.528430.526440.51440哈爾濱0.533460.524500.518460.537380.53830大慶0.524470.519550.512490.506520.48455淄博0.522480.527470.518480.513470.50643新竹0.522490.543410.551310.63990.6537揚州0.520500.521510.509500.502580.48950馬鞍山0.519510.525480.507510.507510.45475紹興0.518520.529460.521450.524450.50045南寧0.517530.507640.494620.484650.48751烏魯木齊0.513540.491710.497610.505540.48454昆明0.511550.519540.503550.507500.48553克拉瑪依0.510560.511580.506530.507490.47559鎮(zhèn)江0.507570.520530.504540.502570.49647徐州0.507580.509590.498590.492630.48552

唐山0.507590.495680.484680.483660.46069太原0.506600.507620.502560.506530.45971舟山0.505610.500670.486670.470750.43092惠州0.505620.508600.492640.478710.47063臺州0.502630.507630.497600.500600.48257威海0.498640.524490.525440.518460.49348嘉興0.496650.500660.493630.493620.48058鞍山0.496660.511570.491650.503550.50642泰州0.496670.501650.482690.474720.47065銀川0.493680.492700.482700.480680.43388江門0.492690.508610.473730.463810.44283蕪湖0.492700.487730.480710.501590.47162泉州0.489710.515560.500570.489640.48256洛陽0.484720.495690.491660.493610.46467柳州0.483730.484750.469760.463800.44482濟寧0.480740.468850.460820.458840.47064廊坊0.479750.474790.456880.452880.421103滄州0.478760.470820.457870.461830.418105秦皇島0.477770.485740.480720.479690.47261泰安0.476780.474780.458860.439980.44084湖州0.476790.475770.464770.461820.44085海口0.475800.469830.455890.464780.47360臨沂0.473810.460920.462800.453870.43986株洲0.472820.462910.444990.445930.43093蘭州0.472830.490720.463790.478700.45972桂林0.472840.466860.460830.452890.43787濰坊0.471850.470810.472740.473730.45774連云港0.470860.466870.460810.464790.44780金華0.470870.473800.464780.467760.44878德州0.468880.480760.459850.449900.45176新鄉(xiāng)0.467890.465880.446940.441970.408113岳陽0.466900.4451030.444980.446920.44681盤錦0.465910.469840.469750.471740.42995銅陵0.464920.464890.459840.449910.43191龍巖0.462930.449990.445950.4371010.413110吉林0.462940.4351120.4041360.4051380.420104貴陽0.460950.463900.448910.455850.423100漳州0.457960.450970.4321060.4171170.414109肇慶0.456970.4391080.4211130.4221140.42598萊蕪0.452980.451960.4321070.4161210.396126日照0.451990.4461020.4351020.4251080.383148錦州0.4511000.4431060.4251110.4231110.408114松原0.4501010.4271200.4031380.3572020.346187平頂山0.4491020.4401070.4221120.4131280.389141

麗水0.4491030.452940.445960.4341030.422102湛江0.4491040.451950.445970.442960.406116湘潭0.4471050.4491000.4431000.4361020.46168保定0.4461060.450980.454900.455860.42994營口0.4451070.4331140.3981470.4151250.393132撫順0.4441080.4491010.4321050.4291040.417107綿陽0.4431090.453930.446930.443950.43289鹽城0.4421100.4431050.447920.443940.43190濱州0.4411110.4371090.4331040.4281050.402120邯鄲0.4401120.4311150.4171180.4101330.384143遼陽0.4391130.4031560.3831700.3721810.401122莆田0.4391140.4311160.4131270.4111300.405119玉溪0.4391150.4271190.4161210.4071350.343193北海0.4361160.4301180.4121280.4271060.409111茂名0.4341170.4451040.4311080.438990.42399汕頭0.4321180.4361110.4251090.4221120.391139本溪0.4311190.4341130.4211140.4161220.417108邢臺0.4311200.4361100.4341030.4381000.391136常德0.4291210.4141400.3991430.3901580.46966三明0.4271220.4181320.4111290.4161190.399123淮安0.4271230.4241210.4141240.4101320.398125三亞0.4261240.4091440.3961520.3851650.341196咸陽0.4241250.4211270.4081310.4041410.384146衢州0.4231260.4221250.4151230.4121290.394130清遠0.4231270.4181330.3981460.3821660.339198烏海0.4231280.4221240.4041370.3921510.336202棗莊0.4231290.4171360.4081320.3901570.364171九江0.4221300.4181340.4171190.4191160.391138丹東0.4211310.4191290.3991440.3891600.347186新余0.4211320.4091460.3871660.3801700.370162河源0.4201330.4221260.4061340.3931480.374158攀枝花0.4201340.4221230.4141260.4161240.384144梧州0.4191350.4141390.4151220.4251090.422101晉城0.4181360.4091450.3971490.3901560.379151揭陽0.4171370.4101410.4001400.3851640.373160大同0.4151380.4301170.4001420.4051370.382150梅州0.4151390.4101420.3821740.3911520.382149宜賓0.4141400.4051530.3971480.3931490.369163宜昌0.4141410.4071480.4071330.466770.44877安慶0.4121420.4181350.4171200.4241100.42896十堰0.4121430.3961620.3821730.4141260.402121通化0.4121440.4001580.3901600.3741800.344192葫蘆島0.4121450.4241220.4251100.4111310.407115景德鎮(zhèn)0.4101460.4161370.4171170.4221130.409112

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