新牛津譯林版高中英語選擇性必修一Unit4Exploringpoetry

GrammarandusageExploringtherulesLead-inWhoisShelley?PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792-July22,1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoets(抒情詩人)oftheEnglishlanguage.

Lead-inReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.A ExploringtherulesRomanticismDefinitionItwasa1.__________________fromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury,involving2.______________________andpoets.TheaimTo3.______________________ofthe18thcentury.Toputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,4._________________andareturntothepast.culturalmovementpainters,musicians,novelistsbreakwiththeidealstheloveofnatureReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.A ExploringtherulesRomanticismRepresentativesofEnglishpoets5.________________________________________ThecommonthemeinRomanticpoetryCelebratingthebeautyof6.______________________ThesignificanceThepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneof7._____________________________________WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeGeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelleynaturalandcountrylife.thegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.Gothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetable.SubjectsPredicativesTheaimoftheRomanticwastobreakwith...Objects...,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith......theywerenotalwaysinterestedin...A Exploringtherules...theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;...Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.Gothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetable.SubjectsPredicativesTheaimoftheRomanticwastobreakwith...Objects...,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith......theywerenotalwaysinterestedin...A Exploringtherules...theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;...Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.GothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetableComplementsAttributivesAdverbials...,peopleweremadetoworklonghours....aprocesscalledindustrializationA ExploringtherulesExploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,...Workingouttherules非謂語動詞綜述非謂語動詞是動詞的一種形式，沒有人稱和數的變化，但是有一般體、進行體、完成體和語態的變化，還可以有自己的賓語或者狀語。非謂語動詞不是句子的謂語動詞，不能單獨作謂語，但是可以作謂語之外的其他成分，如主語、賓語、賓補、表語、定語和狀語。非謂語動詞包括不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞。形

式功

能主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式動名詞現在分詞過去分詞一、不定式和動名詞作主語的區別Observethefollowingsentencesandguessthedifferences.Smokingisforbiddenhere.Collectingstampsishishobby.Teachingchildrenmusicisherwork.Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.TovisitAustraliaismynextgoal.Itisharmfulforyoutosmokesomuch.Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimonsuchacoldday.抽象泛指習慣愛好工作職業經驗未來動作具體動作前者指習慣愛好，后者指一次性行為不定式通常表示具體的，一次性行為或者將來的動作，表示帶有目的性的未完成的事情。；動名詞通常表示一般的，抽象的泛指概念，表示習慣，愛好，職業，經驗等；不定式強調：動作本身；動名詞強調：事件本身一、不定式和動名詞作賓語的區別不定式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之后。1.不定式作賓語的特征及分析Iwanttohavearest.Wewouldliketoapologizeforthedelay.Everyonehopestowin.Theydeterminedtostartearly.這類動詞（組）主要有：want,wouldlike,hope,wish,expect,long,desire,intend,mean,arrange,plan,decide,determine,prepare,attempt等表示“想要、希望、打算、意欲、安排、計劃、決定、準備、企圖等；”ask,offer,beg等表示”要求，請求”等和promise,agree,refuse等表示“答應；同意；拒絕”的詞。2.不定式作賓語的特征及分析1）當動詞表示“承認、否認、放棄、完成、結束”意義時，用動名詞作賓語。在邏輯上，動名詞表示的動作發生謂語動詞動作之前。Sheadmitteddrivingthecarwithoutinsurance.Hegaveupteachingteachingthreeyearsago.Iwastryingtoquitsmokingatthetime.以上例句說明，動名詞表示的動作已經存在或發生，動詞實際上表示對“已然事件”的處置。2）當動詞表示“允許、禁止、介意、反對、避免、阻止、延誤、推遲、錯過、冒險”意義時，用動名詞作賓語。這類動詞表示的動作與后面動名詞表示的動作幾乎同時發生。這類動詞主要有：allow,permit,forbid,ban,prohibit,mind,oppose,avoid,eacape,prevent,delat,putoff,postpone,miss,risk等。Wedon’tallowmakingnoisehere,soyoushouldkeepquiet.Therulesoftheclubdonotpermitsmoking.Thegovernmentbannedhuntinginthemountains.Iwouldopposechangingthelaw.Hedelayedtellingherthenews,waitingfortherightmoment.Womenwhoputoffhavingababyoftenmakethebestmothers.3)當動詞表示“思考、想象、幻想、預期”意義時，用動名詞作賓語。這類動詞主要有：consider,image,fancy,anticipate等。動名詞表示的動作是動詞的直接受事者。比如：“考慮做某事”是“考慮”的對象，做不做某事是“考慮”的直接賓語，而不是目的。We’reconsideringbuyinganewcar.Sheimaginedwalkingintotheofficeandhandinginherresignation.Shewas84yearsoldandIaskedherifshefanciedlivinganother16years.4)當動詞表示“承受、忍受、抵御、禁不住”意義時，用動名詞作賓語。這類動詞主要有bear,stand,resist,can’thelp等。動名詞也是動詞的直接受事者。比如：“經受住誘惑”是指“誘惑”是“經受”的對象，“經受”的直接賓語。Hecan’tbearbeinglaughtat.Hecouldn’tresistshowingoffhisnewcar.Ican’thelpfeelingsorryforthepoorman.綜上所述：

不定式作賓語表示“未然事件”，是將來發生的動作，表示主觀意愿。

動名詞作賓語或表示“已然事件”，在時間上早于動詞的動作；或表示“未然事件”,與動詞同時開始并同時結束，動名詞是動詞的直接受事者。注意：有些動詞后跟動名詞和不定式意義差別很大。forgettodosth.forgetdoingsth.remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.regrettodosth.regretdoingsth.stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.meantodosth.meandoingsth.trytodosth.trydoingsth.can’thelptodosth.can’thelpdoingsth.忘記去做某事忘記做過某事記住去做某事記得做過某事遺憾要去做某事后悔做了某事停下來去做另某一件事停止正在做的某事意欲/打算去做某事意味著做某事盡力去做某事嘗試做某事不能幫著去做某事禁不住某事goontodosth.goondoingsth.做完某事接著做另一件事繼續做同一件事情三、不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞作表語的區別1.表示具體的一次性動作，尤其是將來的或者有待實現的行為，一般用不定式作表語。Myjobthiseveningistolookafterthebabyforher.AllIwantotdonowistodrinksomewater.2.表示習慣性行為、愛好、職業等，不強調動作，而是說明事件的名稱或內容，一般用動名詞作表語。Myhobbyiscollectingancientcoins.Herpart-timejobisteachingyogainaschool.3.表示主語所具有的特征，令人在情緒上發生變化，譯為“令人怎樣”，通常用現在分詞

作表語；表示主語被動的感受，譯為“感覺怎樣”，通常用過去分詞作表語。分詞作表語實際上是形容詞作表語，這是的分詞叫做分詞形容詞。Theresultofthegamewasdisappointing.Thechildrenwereverydisturbing.Iwasdisappointedatthisdecision.Thechildwasfrightenedtoseethedog.四、不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞作定語的區別1.不定式作定語往往表示未發生的動作，放在被修飾詞后面。Haveyougotanything

todothisevening?Mynextaim

toachieveistoearnalotofmoneyandbuymyparentsabighouse.2.動名詞作定語往往表示事物的用途或作用，放在被修飾詞前面。可以用fordoing替換，作后置定語。awritingdesk=adeskforwritingareadingroom=aroomforreadingahidingplace=aplaceforhiding寫字臺閱覽室藏身處3.現在分詞作定語表示主動的，通常表示正在進行的動作；

過去分詞作定語表示被動的，通常表示已完成的動作。thewaitingjournalistsadisappointingresultthepollutedwaterexcitedchildrenthejournalistswaitinginthehallthewaterpollutedbythefactory.等待的記者令人失望的結果被污染了的水興奮的孩子們在大廳里等待的記者被工廠污染的水單個的分詞作定語，往往放在被修飾詞的前面；分詞短語作定語置于被修飾詞的后面。注意：現在分詞和動名詞作定語的區別區別兩者的重要標志：現在分詞作定語表示“主謂關系”，動名詞作定語表示“用途關系”。drinkingwater=waterfordrinkingboilingwater=waterthatisboilingasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping飲用水正在沸騰的水一節臥鋪車廂一個正在睡覺的男孩動名詞作定語，表示水的用途現在分詞作定語，至水發出的動作動名詞作定語，表示車廂的用途現在分詞作定語，指男孩發出的動作4.tobedone,beingdone,done作定語的區別tobedone表示“即將被做”beingdone表示“正在被做”done表示“已經被做”Themeetingtobeheld

tomorrowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingheld

yesterdayisofgreatimportance.五、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作賓補的區別不定式說明賓語的一個動作，側重整個過程或結果；現在分詞說明賓語的動作是主動且正在進行；過去分詞表示賓語的動作是被動且已經完成。IhaveseenMillagrowupfromchildhood,soIknowherquitewell.SomestudentslastsawReedplayingnearanInternetbar.Theywanttoseethismattersettledimmediately.六、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作狀語的區別1.不定式與現在分詞作結果狀語的區別Iwokeupinthemorning(only)tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.Theheavyrainlastedaweek,floodingtwo-thirdsoftheland.Observethefollowingsentencesandguessthedifferences.出乎意料的結果順其自然的結果不定式多表示出乎意料的結果，此時不定式前可加上only進行強調，還常見于too...to...,enoough...to...句式中；現在分詞表示一種順其自然的結果，即前句是分詞動作的結果。2.done,beingdone,havingbeendone作狀語的區別三者都表示被動。表示伴隨可用beingdone，但是一般被done代替。havingbeendone往往強調動作發生在主句謂語動作之前，或表示已經持續一段時間的動作或狀態，或表示原因。如果不強調時間先后或持續一段時間或原因，則直接用done.Brandonwasrunningalongthepath,(being)followedbyadog.布蘭登沿小路跑著，后面跟著一條狗。Ledbythelocalguide,theyhadnodifficultyreachingtheirdestination.在當地導游的帶領下，他們毫不費力地到達了目的地。Broughtupinhishometown,heknowslittleabouttheoutsideworld.在家鄉被扶養長大，他對外面的世界了解的很少。Havingbeenwelltendedforhalfayear,mygrannybecamefarbetter.被精心照料了半年之后，我奶奶的情況好多了。Theto-infinitiveoftenreferstoanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture;theverb-ingform,acontinuingaction;andtheverb-edform,apastaction.Generallyspeaking,theverb-ingformexpressesa(n)(1)________(active/passive)meaning,whiletheverv-edformexpressesa(n)(2)________(active/passive)meaning.activeWorkingouttherulespassiveTheto-infinitivecanbeusedasthe(3)________ofasentence.Theverb-ingformcanbeusedasthe(4)_______ofasentence.Theverb-edformcanbeusedasthe(5)________ofasentence.*Youcanchoosemorethanoneanswerforeachblank.asubjectcobjecteattributivebpredicativedcompementfadverbialWorkingouttherulesa,b,c,d,e,fa,b,c,d,e,fb,d,e,fApplyingtherulesApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitive,verb-ingorverb-edforms.1.Romanticpoetsexperimentedwithnewpoeticforms.Theywereparticularlyinterestedinit.

Romanticpoetswereparticularly______________________________________________.interestedinexperimentingwithnewpoeticforms2.Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhentheydescribednaturalscenes.

Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhen________________________.3.Poemsthatfocusonnatureoftenstressthemomentofinspiration.Poems__________________oftenstressthemomentofinspiration.describingnaturalscenesfocusingonnature4.ManyRomanticpoemsarefilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemes,andcontainrichsensorydetails._______________________________________________,manyRomanticpoemscontainrichsensorydetails.5.SinceRomanticpoetswerehighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,findingconcernscommontoallofthemissometimesdifficult.SinceRomanticpoetswereallhighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,itissometimesdifficult______________________________________.FilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemestoallofthemtofindconcernscommonBornin1770,WilliamWordsworthwasoneofthe(1)

_________(lead)poetsoftheRomanticmovementinEngland.(2)

_________(grow)upinthebeautifulLakeDistrict,Wordsworthhadachildhoodthatwasperfectforadevelopingpoet.(3)

__________(educate)atCambridge,Wordsworthreceivedhisdegreein1791.Hespentalotoftime(4)

________(tour)inEurope.leadingGrowingEducatedtouringBelowisanarticleabouttheEnglishpoetWilliamWordsworth.Completethearticlewiththecorrectto-infinitive,verb-ingorverb-edformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.TravellingobviouslyprovidedWordsworthwithplentyofideasforhispoems.In1795,hemetSamuelTaylorColeridgeandthetwotalentedyoungmenbecameclosefriends.(5)

________(meet)ColeridgehadahugeimpactonWordsworth.LyricalBallads,acollectionofpoems(6)

_______(write)togetherwithColeridge,wasWordsworth’sfirstgreatwork.Itwaspublishedin1798andmarkedthestartoftheRomanticerainpoetry.Wordsworthexplainedthattheywantedtowritepoetrythatordinarypeoplecoulduse(7)

___________(express)theirfeelings.MeetingwrittentoexpressManyofthepoemsinthecollectionwereaboutreturningtonature.LikeotherRomantics,Wordsworthpreferred(8)

______________(live)inthecountryratherthaninthecity.living/toliveWriteabouttheimportanceofreadingpoems.Thinkofatleastonereasonandgivesupportingdetails,usingto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edforms.Possibleanswer:

Readingpoems

helps(to)developdeepinsightintowhatthepoetwantstoexpress.Everypoemisuniquetoitspoetanditsmessagemightfirstneedtobediscovered

beforeitcanbeu