zcjThinkingasahobbyByWilliamGoldingzcj

PictureDescriptionQuotationsonThinkingDiscussion

Warming-upzcj

Pleasedescribethefollowingpicturesindetailanddepicttheirsymbolicmeaninginyourownwords.

Compareyouranswerwiththatoftheauthor,andtrytofindtheirsymbolicmeaningintheboy’s(theauthor)eyes.PictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjHowarethethreestatuettesdescribedbytheboyandwhatdotheysymbolize?Scanthetextandlistouttherelatedinformation.VenusLeopardRodin’sThinkernakedwithnothingbutabathtowel;noarms;inanunfortunatepositioncrouching;nakednaked,muscular,whosat,lookingdown;hischinonhisfistandelbowonhiskneefrozeninpanic,worryingaboutthetowelbusyingbeingbeautifulreadytospringdownatthetopdrawerfromthecupboardutterlymiserable;contemplatethehindquartersoftheleopardinendlessgloombusybeingnaturalnotmiserable,animageofpurethoughtzcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Whatisthehardesttaskintheworld?Tothink.”

—RalphWaldoEmerson

“Mostpeoplecan’tthink,mostoftheremainderwon’tthink,andthesmallfractionwhodothinkmostlycan’tdoitverywell.”—RobertHeinlein “Ithink,thereforeIam.”

—RenéDéscartes

zcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Icannotteachanybodyanything,Icanonlymakethemthink.”—Socrates“Wethinktoosmall.Likethefrogatthebottomofthewell.Hethinkstheskyisonlyasbigasthetopofthewell.Ifhesurfaced,hewouldhaveanentirelydifferentview.”—MaoZedong

zcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Thinkingiswhatagreatmanypeoplethinktheyaredoingwhentheyaremerelyrearrangingtheirprejudices.”—WilliamJames“Nurtureyourmindwithgreatthoughts.”

—BenjaminDisraeli“Intelligenceissomethingwearebornwith.Thinkingisaskillthatmustbelearned.”—EdwarddeBonozcjIII.DiscussionWhatisyourhobby?Doyouwanttochoosethinkingasyourhobby?Whatkindofquestionsdoyouoftenthinkabout?zcjBackgroundInformation

Author

Rodin’sThinker

GoddessVenuszcjAuthorAuthorWilliamGoldingSirWilliamGeraldGolding(September19,1911—June19,1993)wasanEnglishnovelist,poetandwinnerof1983NobelLaureateinLiterature:“forhisnovelswhich,withtheperspicuityofrealisticnarrativeartandthediversityanduniversalityofmyth,illuminatethehumanconditionintheworldoftoday.”WilliamGoldingwontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1983BeforeWWII,heworkedasawriter,actor,andproducerwithsmalltheatrecompaniesandasateacher.WilliamGoldingactedinShakespeare’sWinter’sTaleWilliamGoldingandHisFamilyzcj

TheAuthor’sBackground

HemarriedAnnBrookfield,ananalyticalchemist,in1939.HebecameateacherofEnglishandphilosophyatBishopWordsworth’sSchoolinSalisbury.DuringWorldWarIIheservedintheRoyalNavyandwasinvolvedinthesinkingofGermany’smightiestbattleship,theBismarck.HeparticipatedintheinvasionofNormandyonD-Dayandatwar’sendwentbacktoteachingandwriting.zcj

TheAuthor’sBackground

In1961hissuccessfulbooksallowedGoldingtoleavehisteachingpostandhespentayearaswriter-in-residenceatHollinsCollegeinVirginia.Hethenbecameafull-timewriter.

HereceivedaknighthoodfromQueenElizabethIIin1988.WilliamGoldingdiedinhishomeatPerranarworthal,nearTruro,CornwallonJune19,1993.zcjWilliamGolding’smainworksPoems(1934)LordoftheFlies(1954)TheInheritors(1955)PincherMartin(1956)FreeFall(1959)TheSpire(1964)Darkness

Visible(1979)TheTrilogyRitesofPassage(1980,BookerPrize)CloseQuarters(1987)FireDownBelow(1989),republishedunderthegeneraltitleToTheEndsoftheEarth

zcjThelordoffliesFableRealisticnarrativeRalphJackThelordofflieszcjLordoftheFlies

(movie:directedbyPeterBrook)zcjzcjzcjzcjzcjThestoryitselftakesplaceonanisolatedisland.Aplanehascrashed,andittranspiresthattherearenoadultsurvivors.TwoEnglishboysnamedRalphandPiggyformtheinitialfocus,astheybegintomakesenseoftheirnewsurroundings.TheboyssoonfindaconchshellandPiggysuggeststhatRalphusestheconchasahorntocallforanyothersurvivorswhomightbenearby.Theboysinclude"biguns"(severalolderchildren)and"littluns"(youngerchildren),andrapidlydivideintotwocampsheadedbyRalph,andanotherolderboynamedJack(theheadofachoirgroupthatalsolandedontheisland).Ralphisvotedinchargeandcallseveryonetogethertoworktowardtwocommongoals,thefirstbeingtohavefunandthesecondtoberescuedbycreatingaconstantfiresignal,tobelitusingPiggy'sglasses.Foratimetheboysworktogethertowardsbuildingshelters,gatheringfoodandwater,andkeepingthefiregoing.Theonegoalwhichconstantlygetssidelinediskeepingthesignalfiregoingassomeoftheboys,thehunters,ledbyJack,focustheirenergyonhuntingthewildpigsontheisland.Thechildren'sbeliefinabeastontheislandalsocreatesaproblem.zcjThechildrenbegintosplitintotwogroups,basedontheexistenceofthebeast.RalphattemptstodisprovetheexistenceofthebeastwhileJackexploitsthebeliefinthebeasttoencouragehisgroupofhunters.JacksoonformsaseparatetribefromRalph's.JackgainsdefectorsfromRalph'stribebypromisingthemmeat,fun,and,mostimportantly,protectionfromthebeast.Jack'stribegraduallybecomesmoresavageandtheyusefacepaintandfocusmainlyonhunting,whileRalph'sgroupfocusesonkeepingthefiregoingandgettingrescued.Simon,apartofRalph'stribe,setsoffonamissiontoinvestigatethemountain.Whileonhiswaythere,hefindthepig'sheadonastickJackputthereearlier,andbeginstohallucinate.Heseestheheadas"TheLordoftheFlies,"andbelievesthatitistalkingtohim,tellinghimthetruth,thattheycreatedthebeast,andthattherealbeastwasinsidehim,insidethemall.Healsofindsthedeadparachuterwhichhadbeenmistakenforthebeast.Onhisreturn,hearrivesatthepeakofatribalritualatJack'stribe,andhisexplanationgoesunheardasheiskilled.Jack'stribethenraidRalph'scamp,attackingthenon-huntersinordertostealPiggy'sglassesinordertomakeacookingfire.BythistimeRalph'stribeconsistsofjusthimself,Piggy,andtwinsSamandEric.zcjTheyallgototherockfortofJack'stribetotrytogetbackPiggy'sglassessohecansee.IntheensuingconfrontationPiggyisstruckbyaboulderthrownbyRogerknockinghimoffthecliff;hefallstohisdeath.Theconchisshatteredintomillionsofpiecesbythelaunchedrock.EricandSamarecapturedandbothbecomepartofJack'stribe,leavingRalphbyhimself.Inthefinalsequenceofthebook,JackandhisfriendRogerleadthetribeof'hunters'onahuntforRalph,intendingtokillhim.InordertodothisJacksetstheentireislandonfire.Thefireissolargethatitattractstheattentionofanearbywarshipwhichcomestotheislandandrescuestheboys.Anavyofficerlandsontheislandandhissuddenappearancebringsthechildren'sfightingtoanabrupthalt.Whenlearningoftheboys'activities,theofficerremarksthathewouldhaveexpectedbetterfromBritishboys.Inthefinalsceneofthebook,Ralphcries,inmourningforhisfriendPiggy,hisownlossofinnocence,andhisnewfoundawarenessofthedarknessofhumannature.Ahintoftheauthor'sintentioncanbefoundinthefinaldescriptionoftheofficerasheremainsunawareoftheimportanceoftheeventsthathavetranspired,watchinghispeacefullyfloatingship(representingcivilization)thatisstilldescribedasfaraway.zcjRodin’sThinkerzcjRodin’sThinkerRestingonthehorizontalpanelabovethedoors,TheThinkerbecamethefocalpointofTheGatesofHellandsubsequentlyperhapsthemostwell-knownsculptureofalltime.Theathletic-lookingfigure,inspiredbythesculptureofMichelangelo,depictsamaninsobermeditation,yetwhosemusclesstrainwitheffort—possiblytoevokeapowerfulinternalstruggle.RodininitiallyreferredtothefigureasDantebuteventuallywhatweknowasTheThinkerevolvedintoamoresymbolicrepresentationofcreativity,intellect,andaboveall—thought.zcjGoddessVenusVenusdeMilo(about150—100BC)isconsideredbymanyarthistorianstobetheidealofHellenisticbeauty.Itwascarvedoutofmarbleandstandsapproximately205cm(6ft10in)high.

zcjGoddessVenusTheBirthofVenusAsRomanGoddessofLoveandBeauty,VenusisassociatedwithcultivatedfieldsandgardensandlateridentifiedbytheRomanswiththeGreekGoddessofLove,Aphrodite.zcjTextanalysis&languagestudyzcjHowistheessayorganized?zcjStructurePart1(Paras.1—24)about:

Part2(Paras.25—29)about:Part3(Paras.30—35)about:Howthesubjectofthinkingwasfirstbroughtuptotheauthorandhisunder-standingofthenatureof“grade-threethinking”Theauthor’sanalysisofthenatureof“grade-twothinking”Theauthor’sunderstandingofthe“grade-onethinking”andhisdesireforitzcjThemeThinkingisnotjustforprofessionalthinkerslikephilosophers.Itissomethingalleducatedpeopleshouldenjoydoing,anditisconsideredoneofthemostpreciousqualitiesinyoungscholarsforthehealthymentaldevelopment.zcjParagraph1:1.Icametotheconclusionthattheewerethreegradesofthinking…tocometoaconclusion:toreach/arriveat/drawaconclusiongrade:anacceptedlevelorstandard

標準被接受的標準或水平eg.Thisgradeofwoolcanbesoldatafairlylowprice.這種等級的羊毛可以以相當低的價格賣出.C.fUpgradedegradezcjParagraph2:grammarschool:InBritain,itreferstoaschoolforchildrenover11whoareacademicallybright.Today,therearefewgrammarschools.Mostsecondaryschoolsarecalled“comprehensive”andtakeinallchildrenover11whatevertheirabilities.IntheUS,agrammarschoolusedtomeananelementaryschool,butitisnowconsideredold-fashioned.zcjnothingbut

:only,merelyExamples:

Don’thavehimforafriend:he’snothingbutacriminal.Hehadnothingforsupperbutalittlepieceofcheese.

Nothingbutrosesmeetstheeye.“nothing”phraseszcj

ButtheSwissdiscoveredlongyearsagothatconstantwarfarebroughtthem_____sufferingandpoverty.A.anythingbutB.nothingbutC.noneotherthanD.nomorethan

key:Bzcjnothinglessthannothingmorethannothingmuch不亞于，完全（強調其多、其大）僅僅，只不過（強調其少、其小）非常少，沒什么zcjThat’snothinglessthanamiracle.(=nolessthan)Thedropsdidn’tgetverybig,andtheearthreceivednothingmorethanadrizzle.(=nomorethan)“Anythinginterestinghappening?”No,nothingmuch.zcjOnewasaladywearingnothingbutabathtowel.nothingbut:nothingexcept;onlyeg:Thedoctortoldherthatitwasnothingbutacold.Hecaredfornothingbuthisnameandposition.Hewasanythingbutacoward.zcjSheseemedfrozeninaneternalpaniclestthebathtowelslipdownanyfarther…lest:conj.forfearthat

唯恐，以免：Note:Thesubjunctivemoodisusedintheclauselestintroduces.eg.Becarefullestyoufallfromthattree.要當心,以免從樹上摔下來。zcjShealwaysputhermedicationonthetopoftheshelflestthechildren_____itbymistake.A.tookB.shouldtakeC.hadtakenD.wouldtakezcj…andsinceshehadnoarms,she

wasin

anunfortunate

positionto

pullthetowelupagain.bein…positiontodosth:tobeabletodosthbecauseorhaveability,powerormoneytodoit.能夠...,

處在可以...的位置,

有能力...egIamnotinapositiontolendyoumoney.zcjNexttoher,crouchedthestatuetteofaleopard,readytospringdownatthetopdrawerofafilingcabinet.crouch:1.tostoop,especiallywiththekneesbent:egTheycrouchedoverthegratewithaflashlight,searchingforthelostgem.2.topresstheentirebodyclosetothegroundwiththelimbsbent:eg.acatcrouchingnearitsprey.zcjmuscular

a.

a.

of,relatingto,orconsistingofmuscle

b.havingwell-developedmuscles

c.havingorsuggestinggreatpower;forcefulorvigorousExamples:

amuscularbuild一副強壯的體格

muscularcontraction肌肉的收縮

muscularadvocacygroups

有力的擁護團體zcjUtterlyIamutterlypuzzledwhattodowithit.全然;完全地;徹底地;十足地

UtterHewasinutterdespair.Shedidn'tutterawordallnight.zcjChangesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,_____,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utterancesKey:Cmorpheme詞素

zcjParagraph31.delinquent:

n.apersonwhoneglectsorfailstodowhatlawordutyrequires.

adj.failingtodowhatlawordutyrequires.zcjMostdelinquentchildrenhavedeprivedbackgrounds.多數少年犯都有貧困且未受教育的背景。

I'mafraidhe'llultimatelybecomeajuveniledelinquent.我恐怕他最終會成為一名青少年罪犯。

zcjParagraph3Shewasjustbusybeingbeautiful.P:Fromtheboy’spointofview,theGoddessofLovewassimplytryingtoremainbeautiful.zcjParagraph4Iwasnotintegrated.Iwas,ifanything,egrated:formingapartofaharmoniousgroupdisintegrated:Here,itisusedbytheauthortomeanthedirectoppositeof“integrated”,andthereforemeanssomekindofatrouble-maker.zcjintegrateThecommitteecanintegratethedifferentplans.Theyhavelivedinthiscountryfortenyears,buthaveneverreallyintegrated.他們已在這個國家生活了十年,但還沒有融入這個社會。integrated整體的；完全的；綜合的integrityzcjifanything:onthecontrary相反；更有可能的是eg.Heisnotknownforhisgenerosity.Heis,ifanything,quitemiserly.Theweatherforecastsaysthatitwillnotbewarmerthiswinter.Itwill,ifanything,evencolderthanlastyear.Heis,ifanything,alittleweakertoday.zcjThemusculargentlemancontemplatedthehindquartersoftheleopardinendlessgloom.(Para.9)Theauthorexpressedtheboy’sviewingoftheimageofThinkerinahumorouswaytoshowthatthethinkingdoesn’tmakeanysensetohim.zcjconsiderpondermeditatedeliberatebroodoverParagraph9contemplate:tothinkforalongtimeinordertounderstandbetter.Synonymszcj.contemplatev.a.tolookatattentivelyandthoughtfully

b.toconsidercarefullyandatlength;c.tohaveinmindasanintentionorpossibilityShestoodcontemplatingherfigureinthemirror.Theyoungsurgeoncontemplatedthedifficultoperationofkidneytransplant.SheiscontemplatingatriptoEurope,butshehasn’tplannedityet.C.ftemplate/templezcjHisspectaclescaughtthelightsothatyoucouldseenothinghumanbehindthem.P:Theteacher’sglassescaughtthelightandthereforetheboycouldnotseetheteacher’seyes.Hecouldnothaveanyeyecontact.Hecouldnothaveanycommunicationwithhim.zcjanguishn.

mentalorphysicalsufferingcausedbyextremepainorworry.

{搭配}beinanguishShewasinanguishoverhermissingchild.v.(tocause)tofeelorsufferanguish.e.g.Thelossofherhusbandanguishedherdeeply.Herheartanguishedwithinher.a.

anguishedanguishedcriesParagraph11zcjon…occasion

Hetalkedabouthishisworkoneveryoccasion.ShewasinvitedtotheMaster’sroomonseveraloccasions.

On

occasion,wefeellikecelebratingandhaveaparty.

Ononeoccasion,helandedinadesertedcarpark.總是，不管什么時候有幾次有時，遇必要時曾經，有一次zcjParagraph12leaptoone’sfeet:tojumpupPleasepayattentiontothefollowingphrasescontainingthewordfeet:rise/struggle/staggertoone’sfeet.zcjtoleaptoone’sfeettorisetoone’sfeettostruggletoone’sfeettostaggertoone’sfeettohelpsb.toone’sfeettopullsb.tohisfeet一躍而起站起身來掙扎著站起來蹣跚而立扶某人站起來把某人拉起來zcjNaturehadendowedtherestofthehumanracewithasixthsenseandleftmeout.(Para.15)Everybody,exceptme,arebornwiththeabilitytothink.zcj4)Naturehadendowedtherestofthehumanracewithasixthsenseandleftmeout.(Para.15)asixthsense:akeenintuitivepower.Here,theauthormeanstheabilitytothink.toendowsb.withsth.:toprovidesb.withanaturalqualityortalent.e.g.Sheisoneofthoseluckywomenwhoareendowedwithbothasharpbrainandgreatbeauty.Godhasnotendowedhimwithmuchhumor.zcjJanetriedto_____thedoormanwithmoney,butshefailed.A.bribeB.corruptC.awardD.endowzcjHewas____withthepowerofacuteobservation.A.conferredB.endowedC.equippedD.bestowedendow意為“賦予”，后接with;confer…on意為“授予，給予…”;equip…with意為“裝備，配備…”;bestow…on意為“授予，贈予”。

zcjParagraph17:Sometimes,exaltedbyhisownoratory,hewouldleapfromhisdeskandhustleusoutsideintoahideouswind.P:Sometimeshegotcarriedawayandwouldleapfromhisdeskandhurryusoutsideintoacoldandunpleasantwind.zcjexaltv.

a.toraiseinrank,character,orstatus

b.toglorify,praise,orhonor

c.toincreasetheeffectorintensityofa.excited;noble;exaggeratedExamples:Complementarycolorsexalteachother.Hewasexaltedtothepositionofpresident.Theretiringprofessorisexaltedbyhiscolleagues.anexalteddedicationtolibertyCf.exultv.

歡欣鼓舞,

狂喜,

歡躍

exaltedzcj.hustlevt.

a.toconveyinahurriedorroughmanner

b.tocauseorurgetoproceedquicklyc.togainbyenergeticeffortvi.toworkormoveenergeticallyandrapidlyExamples:Thepolicehustledtheprisonerintoavan.Motherhustledthechildrenofftoschoollesttheyshouldbelate.Wehustledtogetdinnerreadyontime.zcjimpedimentThemainimpedimenttodevelopmentisthecountry’shugeforeigndebt.Hehasanimpedimentinspeech.他講話口吃。

n.

a.afactoreventwhichmakesactiondifficultorimpossibleb.anorganicdefectpreventingcleararticulationzcjMr.Houghtonwasgiventohigh-mindedmonologuesaboutthegoodlife,sexlessandfullofduty.(Para.20)ObviouslyinMr.Houghton’scleanlife,thereisnoplaceforalcoholicdrink,sex,andotherworldlypleasures.Thisis,ofcourse,ironical.Begivento喜歡,癖好zcjParagraph20:Yetinthemiddleofthesemonologues,ifagirlpassedthewindow,hisneckwouldturnofitselfandhewouldwatchheroutsight.P:Hereauthorisnotlaughingattheteacher’sinterestinyounggirls.Ratherheisridiculingthecontradictionbetweenhishighmoraltoneandtheworkingofhisgeneswhichcompelshimtoturnhisheadtowardyounggirls.zcjbulge

v.tocurveoutward;toswellup;tostickoutn.a.

aprotrudingpart;anoutwardcurveorswellingb.

asudden,usuallytemporaryincreasein numberorquantityExamples:

Hispocketwasbulgingwithsweets.Thebabyboomcreatedabulgeinschoolenrollment.zcjSynonym:

bulgeprotrudestickoutprotrudev.

topushorthrustoutward;tojutout

Examples:Helen’steethprotrudetoofar.Thepolicemansawagunprotrudingfromtheman’spocket.zcjthinkwellofnotthinkmuchofthinkbetterofsb.thinkbetterofsth.thinkhighlyofthinkwellofthinklittleofthinkpoorlyofthinknothingof看輕對某人印象好；看重某人改變······念頭；打消主意看重；器重重視看輕；看不起不放在眼里；輕視輕視；認為無所謂；認為沒什么了不起zcjlectureon向…就(某題目)作報告,辦講座Helecturedonmoderndrama.Helecturedthechildrenongoodmanners.zcjParagraph23:Technically,itisaboutasproficientasmostbusinessmen’sgolf,ashonestasmostpoliticians’intentions,orascoherentasmostbooksthatgetwritten.P:

This,ironicalsentenceshowsthattheauthornotonlyconsidersthesepeopleincompetent,dishonestandincoherent,butalsodespisesmostbusinessmen,distrustsmostpoliticiansanddislikesmostpublications.zcjproficienta.abletodosomethingwellorskillfully.

{搭配}beproficientat/ine.g.Sheisproficientat/infigureskating.她精于花樣滑冰。proficiencyn.熟練,精通,熟練程度e.g.Hemadelittleproficiencyinliteraryaccomplishmentszcj.contemptIfeelnothingbutcontemptforsuchdishonestbehavior.Expressions:bebeneathcontemptbringintocontemptholdincontemptincontemptof極為荒謬可鄙的使受人鄙視鄙視，蔑視不顧，不把······放在眼里zcjcontemptible:deservingofcontempt;despicable卑劣的，可鄙的contemptuous:manifestingorfeelingcontempt;scornful鄙視的；看不起；Itwascontemptible

ofhimtospeaklikethataboutarespectableteacher!Itwasacontemptibletricktotellliesandplayonanoldfriend!Hewascontemptuous

ofBritain’sarmy.SeeingIfailedtounderstand,hegavemeacontemptuouslook.zcjconfront

v.①toopposedefiantly{搭配}confrontdanger/reality

e.g.Asoldierhastoconfrontdangeranddeath②tocomeupagainst;encountere.g.Iamconfrontedwithmanydifficulties.zcjInolongerdismisslightlyamentalprocess.(Para.24)Inolongerconsiderthewaygrade-threethinkersthinkunimportantbecausetheyaccountfornine-tenthsofthepeopleandthereforehavegreatpower.NowIknowthatignorance,prejudiceandhypocrisyareverypowerfulenemies.zcjAcrowdofgrade-thinkers,allshoutingthesamething,allwarmingtheirhandatthefireoftheirownprejudices…Manenjoysagreementascowswillgrazeallthesamewayonthesideofahill.(Para.24)Theauthorthinksthatitisprobablyhumannaturetoenjoyagreementbecauseitseemstobringpeace,security,comfortandharmony.zcjStampede：Togeteasilyfrightenedandrunwiththecrowdfallintotheotherfault：Togototheotherextreme,thatistoacttooslowlyandlagbehindWithdrawal：Detachment:(冷漠)asfromsocialoremotionalinvolvement;refusingtobepartofthecrowd.Grade-twothinkersdonotstampedeeasily,thoughoftentheyfallintotheotherfaultandlagbehind.Grade-twothinkingisawithdrawal,witheyesandearsopen.Itdestroyswithouthavingthepowertocreate.(Para.25)zcjstampede

v.to(tocauseto)fleeinpanicortoactonmassimpulse

n.a.asuddenfrenziedorheadlongrushorflightb.amassimpulsiveactionExamples:

Rumorsofashortagestampededpeopleintobuyingupfood.aherdofstampedingcattleastampedeofsupportforthecandidate

紛紛支持那個候選人zcjlagbehind

tofailtokeepupapace;tostraggleExamples:Theelderpeopleandchildrenalwayslagbehindwhenwegoforawalk.Don’tletasingleclassmatelagbehind.Hewondereddarklyathowgreatalagtherewasbetweenhisthinkingandhisactions.他暗暗驚訝于自己在思想和行動上有如此大的差距。zcjItsetmewatchingthecrowdscheeringHisMajestytheKingandaskingmyselfwhatallthefusswasabout,withoutgivingmeanythingpositivetoputintheplaceofthatheadypatriotism.Buttherewerecompensations.(Para.25)ItmademewatchpeopleshoutinginjoyandsupportoftheKingandwonderwhatthissenselessexcitementwasallaboutalthoughIdidnothaveanythinggoodtoreplacethisexcitingorintoxicatingpatriotism.ButIdidgetsomethingoutofit.zcjfuss:toomuchattentiontooruncalled-forexcitementoverthingsthatareunnecessaryandunimportante.g.Whatafussaboutnothing!真是無事生非！toputintheplaceof:toreplaceheady:inclinedtogotoyourheadandmakeyouexcitede.g.aheadytrend;headydays;headysuccesscompensation:pay,reward,sth.thatcompensateforyourloss,serviceoreffortzcjfussfusswith過分講究;忙亂fussaround[美口]瞎忙一氣;忙得團團轉fussupanddown瞎忙得團團轉madeafussoverzcjheadyTrytotranslatethefollowingphrases:headyliqueurtheheadynewsoftriumphaheadyoutburstofangeraheadycurrentheadytacticstooheadytoreasonwith醉人的烈酒振奮人心的獲勝消息猛一聲怒喝一股湍流機敏的戰術太專橫而無法與之理論zcjParagraph25:TohearourPrimerMinstertoldaboutthegreatbenefitweconferredonIndiabyjailingpeoplelikeNehruandGandhi.zcjGandhi(1869-1948)andNehru(1889-1964)werebothleadersoftheFree-IndiaMovementwhichaimedatwinningnationalindependenceforIndiathroughnon-violent,civil-disobediencemeans.Inthecourseofthisstruggle,theywerejailedbytheBritishgovernmentseveraltimes.ButtheireffortsfinallybroughtabouttheindependenceofIndiaonAugust15,1947.Gandhi(1869-1948)Nehru(1889-1964)

zcj.conferv.

a.tobestow(e.g.anhonor)授予b.toinvestwith(acharacteristic)賦予；使帶有c.(vi.)tomeetinordertodeliberatetogetherorcompareviews協商Examples:Thegovernmentconferredamedalonthehero.Diplomaswereconferredonmembersofgraduatingclass.Theengineersandtechniciansarestillconferringontheunexpectedaccident.confersth.onsb.授予conferwithsb.onsth.協商zcjThetextbookquestionaswellasotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhenthecongressisin_____againnextspring.A.assemblyB.conventionC.conferenceD.sessionzcj教科書問題及其他問題將于明年春天在國會會期內得到討論。【詳細解答】session意為"會期,開庭期",常與in搭配表示"進入會期或開庭期";assembly強調的是"集合,集會";conference指的是"會議,談判";convention作“會議”講通常指“政活性的會議”。因此D為正確選項。

zcjParagraph26:SaintJerome’sVulgate:ThisistheLatintranslationoftheBilemadebySaintJeromeattheendofthefourthcenturyA.D.ItisnowusedinarevisedformastheRomanCatholicauthorizedversion.zcjSheclaimedthattheBiblewasliterallyinspired.IcounteredbysayingthattheCatholicsbelievedintheliteralinspirationofSaintJerome’sVulgateandthetwobooksweredifferent.Argumentflagged.(Para.26)“BothMethodistsandCatholicsbelievedthattheirBooksareatruerecordoftheGod’sdivineplan.”TheauthorusedthisexampletodefyRuth’sillogicalopinion,thereforetheargumentbecamedullbecauseRuthdidn’tknowhowtorespondtoit.zcjflagTodeclineinvigororstrength:Myappetiteflagsinthehotweather.Todeclineininterest:Theconversationflagged.談話變得索然無味zcjThatwastooeasy,saidIrestivelysincethereweremoreRomanCatholicsthanMethodistsanyway;…(Para.27)Here,theauthorpointedoutRuth’slogicalerror.Thenumbero