英語二復習精要UNIT11、wordstudyobjective,accompany,argue,define①objectivea.⑴客觀，真實。⑵如實，無偏見。Wehavetoaccepttheobjectiverealityasitis.我們必須承受客觀事實。Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgement.文學批評家在分析與評價時應盡量不偏不倚。n.目標，目。PeopleworkhardtocarryouttheeconomicobjectivesoftheNinthFive-YearPlan.人們為了實現第九個五年規劃經濟目標而努力工作。Myobjectiveforthepresentistopasstheoralexam.我目前目標是通過口試。②accompanyvt./vi.1、伴隨，陪同；2、為。。。伴奏Thesingerwasaccompaniedonthepianobyhispupil.演唱者由他學生擔任鋼琴伴奏。Thelonelyoldmanisaccompaniedbyhisdog.這位孤獨老人讓他狗作伴。Allordersmustbeaccompaniedwithcash.所有訂貨單必須隨附現金。③arguevt./vi.爭辯，爭論，辯論作不及物動詞用時，后邊可以接with,about或over，for〔贊成〕或against〔反對〕。Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues.她總喜歡為極小問題進展爭論。HeoftenarguesphilosophywithJames.他常與詹姆斯討論哲學。Hearguedforimmediateaction.他主張立即行動。Theyarguedagainstsuchapolicy.第1頁他們反對這種政策。vt.1、說服；2、用辯論說服argueinto〔outof〕doingsth..說服某人做〔不做〕某事。Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.我說服他不做這樣危險旅行。Hearguedthatmanwasdescendedfromapes.他論證人類祖先是猿。④definevt.1、解釋，給。。。下定義；2、限定，規定。Workisdefinedastheproductofaforceandthedistancethroughwhichitspointofapplicationmovesinthedirectionoftheforce.功定義是力與力著力點沿力方向移動距離乘積。Hehasdefinedhispositionontheissues.他已說明自己在這些問題上立場。2、常考句型1、決策是在現有可選做法中所做選擇。P1Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.2、管理者經常必須對未來情況下做出最正確猜想，盡量不存幸運。P2Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.3、如果沒有選擇，就無決策可言。P3Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、對于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律、慣例等待因素制約。P3Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.5、例如，管理者有時以非此即彼方式來處理問題。P4Forexample,managerssometimestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.6、決策者們必須有方法決定數個可選項中哪一個是最好---哪一個對組織目標實現起作用最大。P6Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbest—thatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.7、就更大系統來說，增加研究經費以便改良產品，對該組織更有益。P6Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increasedfundingforresearchto第2頁improvetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、有些目標比另一些目標更重要，但其排序與重要性那么因人與部門而異。P7Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.3、習題1.單詞英譯漢goal,objective,accomplish,predict,accompany,implement,tendency,achievement,argue,budget,define,entity,2.詞組英譯漢intheway,inpart,pointofview,contributeto,toapplyfor,inhand,toturndown3.句子英譯漢與常考句型一樣。4.TextA漢譯英決策者應該能夠對將來作出最好推測。Decisionmakersshouldbeabletomakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.有人認為經理們所作一切均與決策有關。Somepeoplebelievealmosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision.沒有正確選擇就沒有正確決定。Ifthereisnoproperchoice,thereisnoproperdecision.不同人對同樣問題有不同看法，所以解決方法也不同。Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutthesameproblem;theirsolutionstotheproblemare,therefore,alsodifferent.決策者往往是公司業務開展關鍵。Decisionmakersoftenplaythekeyroleinthedevelopmentofthebusinessofacompany.Decisionmakersareusuallykeypeoplewhodeterminethecompany'sbusinessdevelopment.4、歷年試題1.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_______(involve)decisions,indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(99.4)。第3頁

答案是involves.考點:involve為謂語動詞，應該用一般現在時。2.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision_______(make).(99.4)答案是tobemade。考點：tobemade是動詞不定式作定語修飾decision.3.Ifyouarenow_____yourthirties,youcanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.(99.4)A.inB.atC.betweenD.among答案是A.4.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_____decisions;indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(00.4)A.imposes答案為C.B.improviseC.involvesD.indicates5.When______(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems.答案為presented.考點：present是過去分詞作狀語。6.Anorganizationisagroupofpeople,andadecision_____(make)todaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture.答案是made.考點：make是過去分詞作定語，修飾decision.7.漢譯英：通常管理者必須對未來情況作出最正確預測。答案：Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.1.決策目是為了實現組織目標。答：Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoachieveorganizationalgoals.2.決策過程對經營管理至關重要。第4頁

答：Thedecision-makingprocessisfundamentaltobusinessmanagement.3.經理所做任何事情幾乎都與決策有關。答：Almosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision-making.4.雖然我們不能預見未來，但應當盡量減少偶然性發生。答：Althoughwecannotpredictthefuture,wemusttrytleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.5.不同管理者對同一問題解釋不同。答：Differentmanagerdefinethesameproblemindifferentterms.UNIT21、wordstudyexert,collapse,lauch,operate①exertvt.盡〔力〕；發揮〔威力等〕；施加〔壓力等〕；產生〔影響等〕；行使〔職權等〕Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.他已盡了全力以到達自己目標。Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind.他一直在施加種種壓力要我改變主意。Theseprinciplesexertedgreatinfluenceuponthecourseoftherevolution.這些原那么對革命進程產生了很大影響。②collapsen.1、倒塌，崩潰，瓦解；2、〔安康等〕垮掉，〔因精疲力竭等原因〕倒下Thestormcausedthecollapseofthewoodenshelter.暴風雨使這個避風雨木棚倒塌了。Hesufferedfromanervouscollapse.他精神崩潰了。Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion.政府倒臺使全國陷入混亂之中。vi.倒塌，崩潰Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofthesnow.屋頂被雪壓塌了。第5頁Thenegotiationscollapsedafterseveralmeetings.會談了幾次之后，談判破裂了。Inthelastweeksofthewarshecollapsedfromlongimprisonment.在戰爭最后幾個星期里她身體因長期監禁而垮掉了。③lauchvt1、發射，投射；2、使〔船〕下水Thesatellitewaslaunchedinarocket.這顆衛星是由火箭發射。Thehunterlaunchedaspearatthewolf.獵人把矛向狼擲去。Anewshiphasbeensuccessfullylaunched.一條新船已成功地下水。vt./vi.發動，發起〔運動等〕launchoutinto開場，著手進展Ourarmylaunchedanattackontheenemy.我們軍隊向敵人發起猛攻。Thepolicelaunchedaninvestigationintothecase.警察對此案開展了調查。Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiment.研究小組著手進展了一系列新實驗。④operatevi.1、運轉，起作用；2、動手術〔on,upon〕Theelevatoroperatessmoothly.電梯運行順利。Themedicinegraduallyoperated.藥物逐漸奏效了。Thedoctoroperatedontheneckofthepatient.醫生給病人頸部動手術。vt.1、操作，操縱，經營；2、對。。。動手術Thisairlineoperatesfivemainlinesanddozensofbranchlines.這家航空公經司營五條主干線與十幾條支線。Doyouknowhowtooperatethemachine你知道怎么開這臺機器嗎？Thedoctoroperatedthepatientontheneck.醫生給病人頸部動手術。Hewasoperatedonforlungcancer.第6頁他因肺癌動了手術。2、常考句型1、天文學家與科學家認為黑洞是一種空間區，物質可以掉進黑洞但任何物質不能逃脫。P1Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.2、理論上是這樣：當某些星體密度增大到某一特定點時便發生爆炸。P2Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.3、有人認為圣誕星可能是一顆超新星。P2SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.4、假定一個人掉進黑洞，他會認為很快就能到達黑洞中心。P3Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.5、只是在近幾年天文學家才開場具體研究黑洞。P3Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.6、另一方面，科學家們也在設想，由于有非常先進技術，人們也許能在將來利用黑洞為人類效勞。P5Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.3、習題Unit2練習：1.詞匯英譯漢：escape,explode,collapse,shrink,gravity,measurement,basis,launch,convincing,companion,speculation,swallow,operate,tomakeuseof,agreatmany,aboveall2.句子英譯漢：1)~6)與常考句型一樣。7)Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxyswallowingupstarsataveryrapidrate.8)Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.第7頁3句子漢譯英黑洞是什么，天文學家還沒有完全解決這個問題。Astronomershavenotyetfullysolvedtheproblemofwhatablackholeis.據說黑洞可以將其周圍一切物體，如星星吞食掉。Itissaidthatblackholesareabletoswallowupalltheobjectsaroundthem,suchasstars.對黑洞研究剛剛開場，各種各樣假說層出不窮。Theresearchofblackholesisjustbeginningandspeculationaboutthemareendless.科學家仍不能說出黑洞內發生了什么。Scientistsstillcannottellwhathappensinsideablackhole.Itisstillimpossibleforscientiststotellwhathappensinsideablackhole.如果我們認識了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。Ifweunderstoodblackholes,theywouldnotbesofearful.Blackholeswillnotbesofearfulifwegettoknowthem.單元課后練習Ⅰ.WordSpelling1.密度n.density________2.〔使〕倒塌，〔使〕崩潰v.collapse________3.邊界限，邊界n.boundary________4.永恒，經久不變a.c________5.根底，根據n.b________6.發射，發動v.l________7.雙胞胎之一a.t________8.同伴，同事n.c________9.人類n.m________10.推測，猜想n.s________11.吞v.s________12.不充分a.i________13.物質n.m________14.情況，環境a.c________15.發生，出現v.o________16.強烈a.i________17.證據n.e________第8頁

18.看不見a.i________19.宇航員n.a________20.熱帶a.t________Ⅱ.WordForm1.Supernovae____(report)byastronomersintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.2.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstill____(have)thesamemass,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.3.Ifone____(make)ajourneyovertheContinentsonewouldfindeverykindofsurfaceincludingmountainranges,plains,andemptyareascoveredpermanentlybyiceandsnow.4.Andastronomersareplanninganewobservatorytostudytheindividualexplodingstars____(believe)tobeblackholes.5.Matterfromtheonewhichwecansee____(pull)towardsthecompanionstar.6.Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecentreofourgalaxy____(swallow)upstarsataveryrapidrate.7.Themost____(convince)evidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.8.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesina____(total)differentwayfromourown.9.Thesurfaceofsomeareas____(consist)largelyofhighmountainsanddeepvalleys.10.Ourworldisthehomeofaverygreatmanydifferentpeople-peopleswithdifferent____(colour)skins.Ⅲ.VocabularyandStructure1.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace(notathing)____whichmatterhasfallenand____whichnothingcanescape-notevenlight.[A]intointo[B]intofrom[C]frominto[D]fromfrom2.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointense____ablackholeresults.[A]whether[B]what第9頁

[C]which[D]that3.Binarystars,____theirnamesuggests,aretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother.[A]as[B]that[C]what[D]if4.Insomebinarysystems,astronomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisiblecompanionstar,a'partner'to____whichwecanseeinthesky.[A]theone[B]that[C]theones[D]those5.Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldoneday____theenergyofblackholesformankind.[A]makefunof[B]makesureof[C]makeuseof[D]makesenseof6.Astronomershaveevidenceofafewotherstarstoo,whichmighthaveblackholesas____.[A]companies[B]comparisons[C]compounds[D]companions7.Theearthisoneofnineplanetswhichmovein____roundthesun.[A]track[B]orbit[C]tour[D]route8.InAugust1977,asatellitewas____togatherdataabouttheblackholesintheMilkyway.[A]posted[B]delivered[C]launched第10頁

[D]transmitted9.Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonare____here.[A]inadequate[B]invisible[C]intense[D]individual10.Weknownothingabouteventswhichhappenonceobjectspassthisboundary,But____,mattermustbehaveverydifferentlyinsidethehole.[A]inaddition[B]inperson[C]indetail[D]intheoryⅣ.C-ETranslation1.這個收縮過程如此強烈，以至于黑洞產生了。2.直到最近天文學家們才開場研究黑洞。3.但是從理論上說，物質在黑洞里行為一定非常不同。4.黑洞最強有力證據來自對雙星系研究。5.有一天也許人類也會遭此命運。單元自測答案Unit2Ⅰ.WordSense17.evidence18.invisible19.astronaut20.tropicalⅡ.WordForm1.werereported2.having3.made4.believed5.isbeingpulled6.swallowing7.convincing8.totally9.consists10.colouredⅢ.VocabularyandStructure1.B2.D3.A4.A5.C第11頁

6.D7.B8.C9.A10.DⅣ.C-ETranslation1.Thisprocessofshrinkingissointensethatablackholeresults.2.Itisonlyrecently/Itisnotuntilrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.3.Butintheory,mattermustbehaveverydifferently/inaverydifferentmannerinsidetheblackhole.4.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.5.Mankindmayonedaymeetthisfate.4、歷年試題1.星體密度增大到一定程度時就會發生爆炸。答：Thestarwillexplodewhenitsdensityincreasestosomeextent.2.你能想象黑洞引力有多大嗎？答：Canyouimaginehowstrongthegravitationalpullofablackholeis3.假設有人掉進黑洞，他會認為很快能到達黑洞中心。答：Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.4.早在17世紀天文學家便對超新星有過報道。答：Supernovaewerereportedbyastronomersasearlyasintheseventeenthcentury.5.他已盡了全力以到達自己目標。答：Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.UNIT31、wordstudyrequest,ensure,oppose,burden,openup①requestn./vt.請求，要求第12頁

request后面接for，表示要求對象；“根據要求〞為by(或on)request；“應。。。之要求〞那么為atsb’srequest。Hemadearequestforimmediatehelp.他要求立即給予幫助。Minibusesstopbyrequest.小公共汽車招手即停。Instructionswillbesentimmediatelyon(upon)request.說明將按要求立即寄出。Thesingergaveonemoresongatourrequest.歌唱家在我們要求下又唱了一首歌。Yoursilenceisrequested.請勿說話。②ensurevt.保證，擔保ensure后面接against或from，表示“保證。。。免于。。。〞；后面接to或for，那么表示“保證。。。具有。。。〞。Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway.我們可以保證把工作做好。Thepolicecanensurethewitnessagainst(或from)danger.警察能保證證人免受危險。Thismeasureensureto(或for)usavoiceinthematter.這項措施使我們在這件事上具有發言權。③opposevt.1、反對，對抗；2、使相對，使對抗〔to〕Manypeopleopposedbuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.由于代價過于高昂，許多人都反對修一條新公路。Tothedifficultiessheopposedawillofiron.她用鋼鐵般意志對待困難。Whathesaidwastotallyopposedtothefacts.他說與事實完全相反。Wearefirmlyopposedtothisdirtypoliticaldeal.我們堅反決對這場骯臟政治交易。④burdenn.1、擔子，負擔；2、責任，義務Sheborethewholeburdenofraisingtwochildren.她一個人負起撫養兩個孩子全部責任。第13頁Theburdenofrunningthefactoryistooheavyforhisfailinghealth.管理這家工廠重擔對他日益惡化安康來說是太重了。vt.使負重擔；麻煩，勞累Themotherwasburdenwithworries.媽媽憂心忡忡。Studentsareheavilyburdenedwithhomeassignments.學生家庭作業負擔過重。⑤openup1、翻開；2、開辦，開辟，開發；3、坦誠地或無拘無束地談話Theyopeneduphisstomachtogetatthesourceofthetrouble.他們給他胃開了刀，以找出病根。Theyopenedupamineintheremoteareas.他們在那個偏遠地區開了礦。Theydecidedtoopenupabusinessinthetown.他們決定在城里開一家店。Thegirldecidedtoopenupandtelluseverything.這個女孩決定坦誠地告訴我們一切。2、常考句型1、范萬德爾重病在身，再也不能說清楚話，他知道他沒有康復希望，身體狀況正在急劇惡化。P2Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.2、在讓自己醫生注射最后完畢生命那一針之前，范萬德爾生命最中后三個月被拍攝了下來，去年在荷蘭電視上首次播出。P3VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.3、從那時開場，已有20多個國家買下了這個節目，每次播放都引起了對這一話題全國性大辯論。P3Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.4、那些反對安樂死人實際在告訴我，臨終者沒有這個權利。P9Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.3、習題第14頁1.詞匯英譯漢.weaken.deteriorate.debate.legal.request.criterion.ensure.opposetraditionconsiderationdisabled.burdenvulnerableprohibitionsensitive詞組：.todebateon.tomakerequestforbeopposedto.totake…intoaccount2.句子英譯漢〔重點句〕Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.3.句子漢譯英P.59安樂死確能解除臨終病人痛苦。Euthanasiacanreallyhelpridthedyingpatientsofextremesuffering.Euthanasiadoesreleasethedyingpeoplefromtheirsuffering.你知道不知道荷蘭是歐洲唯一允許安樂死國家DoyouknowthattheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropethatpermitseuthanasia支持這一觀點醫生并不意味著他們不關心病人。Thosedoctorswhosupporttheideanevermeantheydon’tcareabout/forpatients.在第一個醫生診斷疾病之后，必須由另外一名醫生確認病情。Afterthefirstdoctorhasdiagnosedtheillness,aseconddoctormustconfirmthecase.第15頁

反對者認為病人并不一定真正希望完畢生命，可能請求之后另有他求。Opponentsthinkpatientsmaynotreallywanttoendtheirlives,andprobablythereisanotherrequestbehindtherequest.4、歷年試題1.Thefilm______〔show〕CeesVanWendel’sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.〔〕答案：showing.考點：showing是現在分詞作定語修飾thefilm.2.EachtimetheprogrammerofVanWendal’slastdaysbeforeeuthanasiawasshowedonTV,itstartsanationwidedebate______thesubject.〔〕A.forB.againstC.onD.of答案：C.考點：詞組debateon對…爭論。3.漢譯英：每次播放這個節目，都引起對此話題全國性大辯論。〔〕答案：Eachtimeitisshown,thisprogramstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.4.漢譯英：據說那個病人曾要求醫生助他一死。〔〕答案：Thepatientissaidtohaveaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.〔或者：Itissaidthatthepatienthasaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.〕UNIT41、wordstudyexploit,campaign,execute,deserve,status,bringover①exploitvt.1、開發，開采；2、利用；3、剝削Amineisexploitedforitsminertals.開發礦山是為了采礦。ThestudentexploitseverypossibilitytolearnEnglish.這個學生利用一切可能性學英語。Thecompanyexploiteditsworkerswithlonghoursandlowpay.該公司用長工時、低工資方法來剝削工人。②campaignn.1、戰役；2、運動，參選運動第16頁TheHuai-HaiCampaignwasessentialtothevictoryoftheWarofLiberation.淮海戰役對解放戰爭勝利至關重要。Ourcountryislaunchingacampaignagainstwaste.我們國家正在開展反浪費運動。Hispresidentialcampaignsucceededandhewontheelection.總統競選運動取得成功，他中選了。vi.參加運動，參加競選活動Theywerecampaigningtokeepthelocalschoolopen.他們為使當地學校不致關閉而奔波活動。Thecandidatesforpresidentcampaignedbysendingoutletterstovotersandspeakingatpublicmeeting.總統候選人通過向選民發信與群眾集會上講演來競選。vt.使。。。參加運動；對。。。進展活動Joaniscampaigningthegovernmentforequalrightsforwomen.瓊對政府進展活動，要求給予婦女同等權利。③executevt.1、實行，執行，完成，貫徹；2、將。。。處死Allorderswereimmediatelyexecuted.所有命令都立即執行了。Yourorderwillbeexecutedasearlyaspossible.你命令將盡早執行。Thepianistexecutedthepieceofmusicperfectly.這位鋼琴家把這首曲子演奏得完美極了。Thecriminalwasexecutedafterthetrial.審判后罪犯即被處死。④deservevt.得值〔賓語可用名詞，動詞或動詞不定式〕Hecertainlydeservespraise.他確表揚。Ourbanddeservesrankingwiththebestinthiscountry.我們樂隊在國內當之無愧屬于一流。Hedeservestobesenttoprison.他應該被送去坐牢。由deserve變成形容詞deserving后邊用介詞of。Therobberisdeservingofcapitalpunishment.第17頁這個強盜應處極刑。Theoldmanwasreallydeservingofpity.那個老人家實在值得可憐。⑤statusn.1、情形，狀況；2、地位，身份Weshouldbealwaysawareofthestatusofworldaffairs.我們應該時刻關注世界形勢。Nonewillquestionhisstatusasascholar.沒有人會疑心他學者身份。Weshouldraisethestatusofwomeninsociety.我們應該提高婦女社會地位。⑥bringover1、把。。。帶來；2、使轉變Nextsummerhehopestobringhisfamilyoverfromtheunitedstates.他希望明年夏天把家屬從美國帶來。Myfatherisalwaystryingtobringmeovertohiswayofthinking.我父親總想使我承受他思想方法。2、重點句型1、據估計，有20000多海外來家庭傭人在英國工作。P1Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain.Therebe表"存在"句型。2、在這20000人中，將近2000人正受著她們雇主剝削與虐待。P1Ofthese20,000,justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.3、在今年早些時候幾個廣為報道事例中，全世界女傭悲慘處境得到新聞媒體很大關注。P3Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.4、一名菲律賓女傭因被指控犯有謀殺罪而在新加坡遭處決，盡管各地都抗議說她犯罪事實不能充分確定。P3AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.5、她曾在斯里蘭卡一家茶廠掙一份十分微薄工資。P5SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.第18頁6、因為她發現很難養活自己4個孩子，所以承受了一件在倫敦當傭人工作。P5Becauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildren,sheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.7、因此如果她們提出申訴，她們就有被驅逐出境危險。Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.3、習題1.單詞英譯漢domestic，statistic，diplomat，exploit，campaign，execute，convict，despite，deserving，shelf，minimum，status，deport，2.句子英譯漢〔1〕Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain.〔2〕Ofthese20,000,justunder2,000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.〔3〕Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.〔4〕AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.〔5〕SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.〔6〕Becauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildren,sheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.〔7〕Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.〔8〕Thisincludedincreasingtheminimumageofemployeesto18,gettingemployeestoreadandunderstandanadviceleaflet,gettingemployerstoagreetoprovideadequatemaintenanceandconditions,andtoputinwritingthemaintermsandconditionsofthejob(ofwhichtheemployeesshouldseeacopy).〔9〕Forthemainproblemfacingoverseasmaidsanddomesticswhotrytocomplainaboutcruellivingandworkingconditionsisthattheydonothaveindependentimmigrantstatusandsocannotchangeemployer.〔10〕Itis,theysay,therighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.3.句子漢譯英〔1〕處理有關事務政府部門沒有做統計。第19頁

Thegovernmentdepartmentthatdealswithrelevantaffairsdoesnotkeepstatistics.〔2〕正因為她無法養家才同意做家仆。Itwasbecauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfamilythatsheacceptedajobworkingasadomestic.〔3〕她是一名沙特外交官直接從菲律賓雇到倫敦來工作。ShewashiredbyaSaudidiplomatdirectlyfromthePhilippinestoworkinLondon.〔4〕家仆工作狀況得到了新聞媒介關注。Theconditionsofworkingasdomesticshavereceivedmediaattention.〔5〕雇主們總是威脅要把我們遣送回國。Theemployersalwaysthreatenedtosendusbacktoourcountries.4、歷年試題1.Whentheygetoutofprison,they____(increase)theleveloftheircriminalbehavior.答案：willincrease.考點：時間狀語從句中主句用將來時，從句用一般現在時表示將來。從句謂語動詞是get一般現在時，所以從句用willincrease。2.Attheendof1994theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasuretohelp____domesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployers.A.protectB.suspectC.expectD.inspect答案是：A.考點是：protect…from保護…免受…3.________theirdifferences,theyfellpassionatelyinlovewitheachother.A.AsforB.OwingtoC.DespiteD.Through答案：C.考點：despite表示讓步關系。本句意思是：盡管他們之間有分歧，但他們彼此深愛對方。Translation1.許多家庭傭人受到雇主剝削與虐待。第20頁

答：Manydomesticservantsareexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.2.自去年以來，女傭們悲慘境況已受到媒體密切關注。答：Thebadconditionofthewomanservantshasreceivedmuchmediaattentionsincelastyear.3.他經常威脅我，說要將我遣送回國。答：Healwaysthreatenedthathewouldsendmebacktomycountry.4.她曾在一家茶葉廠工作，工資很低。答：Sheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactory.5.據估計有兩萬多名外國家傭在英國工作。答：Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain.UNIT51、wordstudytransformation,originate,penetrating,takeover,takeon①transformationn.1、變化，轉化；2、改造，改革Hisbrainoperationcausedagreattransformationinhischaracter.腦手術大大改變了他性格。Thetransformationofabackwardcountryintoanadvancedcountryrequiresthepainstakingeffortsofseveralgenerations.將一個落后國家改變為興旺國家需要幾代人艱辛努力。Thesocialandpoliticaltransformationofacountryisessentialtothedevelopmentofthesociety.一個國家社會與政治改革對社會開展非常重要。②originatevi./vt.發源；發生，發起Alltheoriesoriginatefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.所有理論都來源于實踐，并反過來為實踐效勞。第21頁Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanyotherreforms.蒸汽使用引起了許多其它革新。③penetratinga.1、穿透，貫穿；2、深刻，透徹Theywalkedagainstthepenetratingwind.他們迎著刺骨寒風行走。Herpenetratingvoicefrightenedthelittleboy.她刺耳嗓子把小男孩嚇壞了。Swift’sworksweremostpenetratingandpowerful.斯威夫特作品極為深刻有力。④takeover1、接收，接任；2、把。。。從一處運到另一處Theyoungdoctorhastakenoverdutiesoftheold.年輕醫生已接替了老醫生工作。WhenMr.Greenretired,hissontookoverthebusinessfromhim.格林先生退休后，由他兒子接收他生意。Mr.Browntookmeovertotheislandinhissteamboat.布朗先生用他汽艇把我送到該島。⑤takeon1、具有，擔任〔工作等〕；2、雇傭Thediseasetookonsomespecialcharacteristics.那種疾病具有一些特殊特征。Hehastakenonanewjob.他已承當了一項新工作。Theemployertakesontwentymoreworkers.那位雇主又雇傭了20名工人。2、重點句型1、新音樂是從已有音樂中產生。P1Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.2、民間音樂，既有古老又有現，代在大學生中頗為流行。P1Folkmusic,oldandmodern,waspopularamongcollegestudents.3、他們自由地吸收爵士樂、美國鄉村音樂成分。P2Theyfreelytookoverelementsfromjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic.4、在家里欣賞唱片時候，聽眾盡力模仿照明效果。P4Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbesttheycould.第22頁3、習題〔一〕單詞、詞組英譯漢musicianrhythmicdistinctconsciousnessoriginatereadilyinstrumentelectronictherebypassiveparticipanttotakeplacetotakeovertotakeoninasenseatastretchtoserveasinadvanceforthesakeof〔二〕英譯漢1.Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.2.Folkmusic,oldandmodern,waspopularamongcollegestudents.3.Theyfreelytookoverelementsformjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic.4.Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbesttheycould.5.Inasense,menofthiskindbeginnotsomuchwithamusicalthemeaswithacompletedcomposition.6.MostcomposerssinceBeethoven'sdaybelongtothissecondtype.7.MenlikePalestrinaandBachbelonginthiscategory.〔三〕漢譯英這一章是關于熱能轉化成動力。Thechapterisaboutthetransformationofheatintopower.一群人自發地聚集在事故現場。Agroupofpeople