英語四六級段落翻譯練習四級部分徐霞客一生周游考察了十六個省，足跡幾乎遍及全國。他在考察的過程中，從來不盲目迷信書本上的結論。他發現前人研究地理的記載有許多很不可靠的地方。為了進行真實細致的考察，他很少乘車坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險的山區，人跡稀少的森林進行考察，發現了許多奇山秀景；他常常選擇不同的時間和季節，多次重游各地名山，反復觀察變換的奇景。

【譯文】XuXiaketoured

and

investigated

16

provinces

in

his

lifetime,

covering

almost

the

whole

of

China/

the

whole

country.

When

he

was

carrying

out

his

investigations,

he

never

took

blind

belief

in

the

conclusions

in

the

books.

Instead

he

found

a

lot

of

unreliable

points

in

the

geographic

records

taken

by

his

predecessors.

In

order

to

make

his

investigations

reliable

and

thorough,

he

seldom

traveled

by

carriage

or

boat.

Instead,

he

took

long,

arduous

trips

on

foot

almost

all

the

time,

climbing

mountains

and

hills.

In

order

to

learn

about

the

truth

of

nature,

he

always

chose

to

conduct

investigations

in

mountainous

areas

with

dangerous

roads

and

in

lonely

/

untraveled

woods,

where

he

discovered

a

lot

of

magnificent

peaks

and

beautiful

sights.

長沙是一個有3000多年歷史的美麗古城。城市的西邊是秀美的岳麓山，山下有千年書院“岳麓書院”等眾多古跡。市區中心的古城樓天心閣，距今有1000多年的歷史。千百年來水質清純，終年不斷的白沙古井也坐落在長沙城中。今天的長沙市民還常常在這里打水飲用。湘江中的橘子洲頭，是當年毛澤東先生經常漫步思考的地方，后來還寫了一首非常著名的詩來贊美她。

【譯文】

Changsha

is

a

beautiful

ancient

city

with

a

history

of

over

3,000

years.

West

of

the

city

is

the

beautiful

Yuelu

Hill,

at

the

foot

of

the

hill,

are

many

historic

sites

such

as

Yuelu

Academy.

In

the

center

of

the

city

is

the

ancient

city

gate

tower

--Tianxin

Tower,

which

was

first

built

1000

years

ago.

Also

located

in

the

city

is

the

ancient

Baisha

Well,

from

which

clear

and

pure

water

has

been

gushing

out

nonstop

throughout

the

year

for

thousands

of

years.

Inhabitants

in

Changsha

today

still

come

here

to

fetch

water

for

drinking.

Orange

Island

in

the

Xiang

River

was

where

Mr.

Mao

Zedong

often

rambled

and

meditated.

Later

he

wrote

a

very

famous

poem

in

its

praise.

洞庭湖是中國第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳陽樓，是中國三大名樓中唯一保持原址原貌的國家重點保護文物。岳陽樓所處的位置極好，它屹立于岳陽古城之上，背靠岳陽城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遙對君山島，北依長江，南通湘江。自古以來，就是人們觀光旅游的好地方。

【譯文】Lake

Dongting

is

China’s

second

largest

freshwater

lake.

Yueyang

Tower,

which

is

located

on

its

shores,

is

a

national

key

cultural

relic

for

protection

as

the

only

one

of

China’s

famous

towers

that

is

kept

in

its

original

condition

at

its

original

site.

The

tower

is

very

favorably

located,

standing

as

it

does

on

Yueyang’s

ancient

city

wall

with

the

city

behind

and

overlooking

Lake

Dongting

to

the

distant

Junshan

Isle;

to

its

north

is

the

Yangtze

River

and

to

the

south

the

Xiang

River.

Since

ancient

times,

the

tower

has

been

a

good

place

for

sightseeing

and

touring.

(Picture)

家庭是社會的基本單位，它的結構隨著社會的發展而變化。在中國幾千年的封建社會里，自給自足的小農經濟占主導地位，家庭不僅是日常生活的基本單位，也是生產單位。理想的、令人羨慕的家庭是五世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。近百年來，中國發生了巨大變化，中國社會經過漫長的封建時期，半封建、半殖民地時期進入了社會主義社會。這具有歷史意義的變化使中國家庭的結構也改變了。人口眾多的大家庭開始分成較小的家庭和直系家庭，總的趨勢是出現了越來越多的核心家庭。

【譯文】

The

structure

of

the

family,

which

is

a

basic

unit

of

the

society,

changes

along

with

the

development

of

the

society.

In

China's

feudal

society

which

lasted

several

thousand

years,

a

self-sufficient

small

peasant

economy

predominated.

The

familywas

not

only

the

basic

unit

in

everyday

life,

but

also

a

basic

unit

of

production.

An

ideal

family

admired

by

all

consisted

of

5

generations,

with

the

male

members

making

all

the

important

decisions.

During

the

last

hundred

years,

great

changes

have

taken

place

in

China.

The

Chinese

society,

which

had

gone

through

the

long

feudal

period,

and

later

the

semi-colonial,

semi-feudal

period,

had

turned

into

a

socialist

society.

This

historic

change

has

led

to

changes

in

the

Chinese

family

structure.

Large

families

began

to

divide

into

smaller

extended

families

and

stem

families,

with

the

trend

pointing

toward

the

emergence

of

more

and

more

nuclear

families.

朝氣蓬勃，充滿活力，豐富多彩的上海是現代中國的縮影。雖然上海的文化遺跡不能與北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市風貌，風格各異的萬國建筑為這座城市注入了無限的魅力。今日之上海，已經成為享譽中外的國際大都市。

漫步在這座日新月異的現代大都市里，你會發現許多精彩的歷史亮點，隱現在眾多摩天大樓背后的是上海發展變化的軌跡。它們記述了上海自十九世紀末開埠以來，尤其是新中國成立以后，是如何迅猛發展的?！咀g文】Shanghaiisadynamic,diverseandstimulatingcity-theveryepitomeofmodernChina.ThoughShanghaicannotrivalBeijinginculturalheritage,itsvariedarchitecturalstylesandcosmopolitanfeelgiveitacharmofitsown.Today'sShanghaihasbecomeaworld-famousinternationalmetropolis.

Awalkthroughthisboomingcityrevealsmanyglimpsesofitscolorfulpast.HiddenamongsttheskyscrapersareremainsoftheoriginalShanghai.TheykeeponshowinghowShanghaihasbeendevelopingfastandenormouslysinceitsopeningasacommercialportinthelate19thcentury,especiallyafterthefoundingofnewChina.近代以來，亞洲經歷了曲折和艱難的發展歷程。亞洲人們為改變自己的命運，始終以不屈的意志和艱辛的奮斗開辟前進道路。今天，人們所看到的亞洲發展成就，是勤勞智慧的亞洲人民不屈不撓、鍥而不舍奮斗的結果。

亞洲人民深知，世界上沒有放之四海而皆準的發展模式，也沒有一成不變的發展道路，亞洲人民勇于變革創新，不斷開拓進取，探索和開辟適應時代潮流，符合自身實際的發展道路，為經濟社會發展打開了廣闊前景。【譯文】Inmoderntimes,Asiaexperiencedtwistsandturnsinitsdevelopment.Tochangetheirdestiny,thepeopleofAsiahavebeenforgingaheadinanindomitablespiritandwithhardstruggle.Asia'sdevelopmentachievementstodayaretheresultofthepersistenteffortsoftheindustriousandtalentedAsianpeople.

ThepeopleofAsiaarefullyawarethatthereisnoreadymodelorunchangingpathofdevelopmentthatisuniversallyapplicable.Theynevershyawayfromreformandinnovation.Instead,theyarecommittedtoexploringandfindingdevelopmentpathsthatareinlinewiththemedicines,martialarts.Theyarealsointerestedinkongfufilms,fashionsandcrafts.Seeminglyoutlandishwordssuchasdimsum,ginseng,gingko,oolongchahavecreptintotheireverydaylanguage.ThelatestChineseculturaliconstomakeitsimpactthereareTaoism,andancientschoolofthought,andfengshui,anancientartofplacement.上海菜系是中國最年輕的地方菜系，通常被成為“本幫菜”，有著400多年的歷史。同中國其他菜系一樣，“本幫菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。上海菜的特點是注重調料的使用，食物的質地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色點心“南翔小籠”和特色菜“松鼠鮭魚”?！澳舷栊』\”是豬肉餡，個小味美，皮薄汁醇?！八墒篚q魚”色澤黃亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而內肉嫩，湯汁酸甜適口。在品嘗過“松鼠鮭魚”之后，我們常常驚訝于“松鼠”的形狀，覺得在三大評價標準上在添加“形”這個標準才更合適?！咀g文】Shanghaicuisine,usuallycalledBenbangcuisine,istheyoungestamongthemajorregionalcuisinesinChina,withahistoryofmorethan400years.LikeallotherChineseregionalcuisines,Benbangcuisinestakes“color,aromaandtaste”asitsessentialqualityelements.//Shanghaicuisineemphasizesinparticulartheexpertuseofseasonings,theselectionofrawmaterialswithqualitytexture,andoriginalflavors.ShanghaicuisineisfamousforaspecialsnackknownasNanxiangSteamedMeatDumplingsandaspecialdishcalled“Squirrel-ShapedMandarinFish”.//NanxiangSteamedMeatDumplingsaresmallinsize,withthinandtranslucentwrappers,filledinsidewithgroundporkandrichtastysoup.Squirrel-ShapedMandarinFishisyellow-coloredandsquirrel-shaped,withacrispyskinandtendermeat,allcoveredwithasweetandsoursource.//AftertastingSquirrel-ShapedMandarinFish,wearealwaysamazedbythesquirrelshapeandthinkthatitismoreappropriatetoplus“appearance”asthefourthelement.美國人強調效率、競爭和獨創性，而中國人則將嚴謹規劃放在首位，鼓勵團隊成員之間的密切合作和無私奉獻。在美國學校，討論享有至高無上的地位，討論是課堂教學的主旋律；而中國教師喜歡講課，喜歡考試，編寫千篇一律的標準教案，培養整齊劃一的高材生。美國人的政治觀，經濟觀以及社會觀的核心是個人道德自治觀。中國傳統的思想體系是以儒家學說為基礎的，這種思想強調整體和諧?，F在，中美聯系比以往更加緊密，中國人學英語，玩保齡球，吃肯德基，美國人學漢語，練功夫，吃北京烤鴨，《泰坦尼克》駛進中國，《牡丹亭》也在百老匯上演?！咀g文】Americanpeopleemphasizeefficiency,competitionandoriginalitywhileChinesepeoplegiveprioritytocarefulplanningandencourageclosecooperationandaltruisticdedicationamongteammembers.InAmericanschools,discussionisgiventopprioritywhileChineseteachersliketolectureinclass,andalotofthemareobsessedwithexaminations.Theywriteconsistentandstandardizedteachingplans,andarehappywithbringingupidenticalandstandardizedtalents.CentraltoAmericanpolitical,economicandsocialthoughtistheconceptofindividualmoralautonomy.TraditionalChinesephilosophicalsystemsarebasedonConfucianism,whichsingshighpraisesforcommunalharmony.Nowadays,therelationofChinaandAmericabecomecloserthanever.ChineselearnEnglish,playbowling,enjoyKFC,whileAmericanslearnChinese,exerciseKungFu,likePekingDuck.AndTitanicsailedintoChina,whileThePeonyPavilionhasbeenperformedonBroadway.武術在我國源遠流長，是中華民族傳統文化的瑰寶。我們知道，一個民族的優秀文化遺產，不僅僅屬于一個民族，它會逐漸傳播到世界而成為人類的共同財富。為了更好的推廣武術運動，使其與奧運項目接軌，中國武協和國際武聯做了大量的艱苦卓絕的工作。現在武術運動已被列為一種具有與保齡球運動和國際標準舞同等地位的奧運表演項目。//武術的蓬勃發展，除得益于其項目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武術大師功不可沒。老一代武術家在海外播種下了武術的種子，使武術這門既可以自衛又可以健身的運動很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武術大師已遍布世界各地，武術愛好者也與日俱增?！咀g文】Wushu,orChinesemartialart,canbetracedbacktoancienttimes.ItisagemofChinesetraditionalculture.Asweallknow,thefinecultureofanationdoesn’tbelongtothenationaloneanditwillbespreadtotherestoftheworldandsharedbyallhumanity.TheChineseWushuAssociationandInternationalWushuFederation(IWUF)havebeenworkingveryhardtopopularizewushuandmaketheChinesemartialartclosertotheOlympicMovement.WushuwasacceptedtojoinbowlingandinternationalstandarddanceasanOlympicdemonstrationevent.TheboomingofwushuisattributednotonlytotheattractivenessofthesportbutalsotoemigrantChinesewushumastersovertheyears.Martialartistsoftheoldergenerationshavesownwushuseedsinforeigncountries.Weshu,whichcanbeusedasselfdefenseandcankeeppractitionersfitandstrong,soombecamepopularonnewlands.Todaysperbwushumastersareactiveallovertheworld,andamateursareontheincreasewitheachpassingday.過去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生態惡化、物種滅絕、臭氧層被破壞、溫室效應、酸雨等一系列環境問題已經嚴重影響到人類的生存環境。環境惡化造成的問題之一就是缺水。目前全世界40%以上的人口，即20多億人，面臨缺水問題。據預測，未來25年全球人口將有60億增長到80億，環境保護面臨更大的壓力。中國作為一個發展中國家，面臨著發展經濟和保護環境的雙重任務。從國情出發，中國在全面推進現代化的過程中，將環境保護視為一項基本國策。眾所周知，對生態環境和生物多樣性的保護是環保工作的重點。我國野生動植物物種豐富，僅脊椎動物就有6000多種左右，高等植物3萬多種。【譯文】Sealevelroseandforestweredestroyedatanunprecedentedrateduringthelastdecade.Aseriesofenvironmentalproblemssuchsthedeteriorationofecosystem,theextinctionofbio-species,damagetotheozonelayer,thegreen-houseeffect,acidrain,haveposedaseriousthreattohumanlivingconditions.Environmentalcrisisleadstooneoftheseriousproblems,namely,watershortage.Presently,morethan40%oftheworld’spopulation,morethan2billionpeople,nowfacewatershortage.Itispredictedhatwiththeglobalpopulationexpectedtoincreasefromsixbilliontoeightbillionoverthenext25years,morepressureonenvironmentalprotectionstressisexpected.Asadevelopingcountry,chinaisconfrontedwiththedualtaskofdevelopingtheeconomyandprotectingtheenvironment.Proceedingfromitsnationalconditions,chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstatepolicies.Itisknowntoallthatprotectionoftheecologicalenvironmentandbiodiversityisthefocalpointofenvironmentalprotectionwork.Chinaisrichinwildlifespecies.Thereareabout6,000vertebratesaloneand30,000speciesofhigherplants.為了切實保護兒童權益，中國的立法、司法、政府各有關部門以及社會團體都建立了相應的機制，以監督、實施和促進保護兒童事業的健康發展。中國政府動員社會采取多種方式關心和幫助殘疾兒童的成長，大力弘揚殘疾兒童自強不息的精神，倡導團結、友愛、互助的道德風尚。中國民族素有“攜幼”，“愛幼”的傳統美德，中國古語“有無有以及人之幼”了流傳至今。我們要在全社會倡導樹立“愛護兒童、教育兒童、為兒童做表率、為兒童辦實事”的公民意識，并努力為兒童事業的發展創造良好的社會條件?！咀g文】Toeffectivelyprotectchildren’srightsandinterests,china’slegislation,judicialandgovernmentdepartmentsconcernedaswel