閔行區(qū)2019學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三年級質(zhì)量調(diào)研考試高三英語考生注意：1.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分,試卷共12頁。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。工答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫學(xué)校、姓名和考生號。1.ListeningComprehensionDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard..A.Acook. B.Adentist. C.Asurgeon. D.Atechnician..A.She’dliketohavethewindowsopen. B.Shelikestohavetheairconditioneron.C.Theairisheavilypolluted.D.Thewindowsarealwaysopen.3.A.Artattraction.Furniturequality.3.A.Artattraction.Furniturequality.B.Paintingskills.Roomdecoration.B.Shedoesenjoyspicyfood.B.Shedoesenjoyspicyfood.D.Shedoesn,tlikethefoodthemanprepared.B.Theyweresenttothewrongstress.D.Theywerefoundtobeofthewrong.A.Sheappreciatestheman,seffort.C.Sheisannoyedwiththeman..A.Theycan,tfitintothemachine.C.Theyhaven,tbeendeliveredyet.type..A.Thelongwaitingtime.Thebrokendowncomputer.Themistakesinhertelephonebill.1/16Thebadtelephoneservice..A.Itsquality. B.Itsprice C.ItsmaterialsD.Itsappearance..A.Walkinthecountryside.B.Dosomeexercise.C.Goshopping. D.Washsomedresses..A.Heisgoingtovisitaphotostudio. B.Hehasjusthadhispicturetaken.C.Heisonethewaytothetheatre. D.Hehasjustreturnedfromajobinterview..A.Hedoesn,twantJennytogetintotrouble.B.Hedoesn,tagreewiththewoman,sremark.C.HethinksJenny,sworkloadtooheavyatcollege.D.Hebelievesmostcollegestudentsarerunningwild.Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Attendexpertgrowers,lecture. B.Visitfruit-lovigfamilies.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard同園）. D.Tastemanykindsofapples.12.A.Itisanewvariety. B.Itisthebestvarietyforeatingquality.C.Itisrarelyseennow. D.Itneedsperfectsoiltogrow.A.Toshowhowtogrowapples. B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples. D.ToattractmorepeopletovisitBritainQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingnews..A.Lackofsleepcouldleadtoheathproblem.B.Lackofsleepaffectsadultsmorethanchildren.C.Sleepingproblemsareoneoftheleadingcausesofobesity.D.Theamountofsleeppeopleneedchangeswithage..A.Lesssleepisneededwhentheyenteradolescence.2/16

deally,theyneed8hoursofsleepanight.C.Theymayhavedifficultyinfallingasleepbefore11:00pm.D.Theyalwayswakeupatmidnightduetobiologicalchanges..A.Theamountofsleepandacademicperformance.B.Acomparisonofdifferenttimetostartschool.C.Students,sleepingtimeandsocialbehaviors.D.Abeneficialchangeofschoolstartingtime.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation..A.Extremesports.B.Citylife.Theypreferdangertosafety.D.TheyareboredwiththetraditionalonesPositive. D.Neutral.Theypreferdangertosafety.D.TheyareboredwiththetraditionalonesPositive. D.Neutral.B.Itisdangerousandneedsnoskills.Itonlystimulateindividualism..A.Theyliketostayisolated.C.Theywanttoknowtheirpotential..A.Objective. B.Negative..A.Itisinterestingandchallenging.C.Itenablespeopletofacefears.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ABriefHistoryofChopsticks.We,vediscussedthestoryofknifeandfork,butthere,sanothersetofutensils(器血)usedbybillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld-andithasatrulyancientpast.TheChinesehavebeenwieldingchopstickssinceatleast1200B.C.,andbyA.D.500chopsticks21(sweep)theAsiancontinentfromVietnamtoJapan.Fromtheirhumblebeginnings22cookingutensilstopaper-wrappedbamboosetsatthesushicounter,there'smoretochopsticksthanmeetstheeye.Chopsticks25(develop)about5000yearsagoinChina.The24(early)versionswereprobablytwigsusedtogetfoodfromcookingpots.Whenresourcesbecamescare,3/16around400B.C.,craftychefsfiguredout25toconservefuelbychoppingfoodintosmallerpiecesthatrequiredlesscookingfuel,andbesides,itcouldbecookedmorequickly.Thisnewmethodofcookingmadeitunnecessarytohaveknivesatthedinnertable—apracticethatalsomatchedthenon-violentteachingsofConfucius（孑1子），26expressedinoneofhisnumerousquotations:"thehonorableanduprightmankeepswellawayfromboththeslaughterhouse（屠宰房）andthekitchen.Andheallowsnoknivesonhistable.”Asavegetarian,hebelievedthatknives,sharppointsevoked（誘發(fā)）violence27（kill）thehappy,contentedmoodthatshouldreignduringmeals.Thanksinparttohisteachings,chopstickusequicklybecamewidespreadthroughoutAsia.Differentculturesadopteddifferentchopstickstyles.PerhapsinanodtoConfucius,Chinesechopsticksfeaturedabluntratherthanpointedend.InJapan,chopstickswere8incheslongformenand7incheslongforwomen.In1878theJapanesebecamethefirst28（create）thenow-ubiquitousdisposableset,typicallymadeofbambooorwood.Wealthydinerscouldeatwithivory,jade,coral,brassoragateversions,whilethemostprivilegedusedsilversets.Itwasbelievedthatthesilverwouldcorrodeandturnblack29itcameintocontactwithpoisonedfood.Throughouthistory,chopstickshaveenjoyedasymbioticrelationshipwithanotherstapleofAsiancuisine:rice.Atfirstglance,you'dthinkthatricewouldn'tmakethecut,butinAsiamostriceisoftheshort-ormedium-grainvariety.Thestarches（淀粉質(zhì)食品）inthesericescreateacookedproductthatisgummyandclumpy,unlikethefluffyanddistinctgrainsofWesternlong-grainrice.30chopstickscometogethertoliftsteamingbundlesofstickyrice,it'samatchmadeinheaven.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.labelB.bearsC.burdenedD.illustratesE.implementsF.guaranteedG.presentedH.hitI.entryJ.nationalizedK.groundThe“PennyBlack”,thefirstpostagestampissuedinBritainand,moreimportantly,thefirst4/16postagestampissuedanywhere,31theimageofQueenVictoria,butthefirstBritishpostalservicedidn,toriginateinVictoriaEngland.In1860,WilliamDockwrastartedapublicservicethat32thequickdeliveryofaletteranywhereinLondon.Hissystemwasquickly33withDockwraincharge.Itwasfarfromaperfectsystem,34withseeminglyimproperchargesthatmadeitunreasonablyexpensivetosendaletter.Worsestill,recipientswereexpectedtopay.Asyoumightimagine,this35someproblems-eitherpeopleweren,thomeorflat-outrefusedtopay.Thesystemjustdidn,twork,butitremainedinplaceforfartoolong.About50yearslater,todobetter,RollandHillarguedforputtinganendtothepostalchargesandreplacingthemwithasinglenationalrateofonepenny,whichwouldbepaidbythesender.WhenthepostofficeignoredHill,sideas,heself-publishedhisessayanditquicklygained36amongthepublic.HillwasthenorderedbyPostmasterGeneralLordLichfieldtodiscusspostalreformand,duringtheirsubsequentmeetings,thetwomenconceivedofagluythatcouldbeappliedtotheenvelopstoindicatepayment.Thoughithadgainedsupportwiththepublicwholongedforaaffordablywaytoconnectwithdistantfriendsandfamily,officialswerestillnotconvinced.Thankfully,Hillwasfarfromaloneinhispassionforreform.Heeventuallyearnedenoughsupportfromotherlike-mindedindividualstoconvinceParliamenttohissystem.In1839,Hillheldacompetitiontodesignallthepostalfacility.Thewinningstamp39describingtheyoungqueen,sprofilecamefromoneWilliamWyon,whobasedthedesignonamedalhecreatedtocelebratehisfirstvisittoLondon.The“PennyBlack“stampwentonsaleonMay1,1840.Itwasanimmediate40.Suddenly,thecountryseemedalotsmaller.Thepennyblack'sdesignwassowellreceivedthatitremainedinuseforfortyyear.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theterm“staycation”meansvacationsthatyoutakeathomeornearyourhomeratherthan5/16

travelingtoanotherplace.Itiscloselyconnectedwithlesspollution,savingmoneyandnotcontributingtotheoverwhelmingdisorderthattakesplaceinsomeoftheworld'smosttouristicareas.Theconceptofstaycationwasbornatthetimeofthe2008market41intheUnitedStates.Becauseofit,manyhouseholdswereforcedto42theirexpensesandconsequentlylimittheirvacationbudget.Theshortageofmoneytotravelabroadisattheoriginofwhymanypeoplestartedto(re)discovertheirmost43surroundingsAtthesametime,awarenessofthe44impactsoftourism,especiallyonwhatconcernstheimpactsoftransportation,startedtoincreasetoo.Andsodidtheperceptionthatsomeofthemaincities(abroad)areincreasinglyoverloadedwithpeople--withplacessuchasBarcelona,Venice,ortheSeychellesplanningon45atouristcap.Staycationappearslikeagreatsolutionforthe46abovementioned.Itisagreatwayofspendingjoyfulvacationswhilehelpingone's47andtheenvironment.48,stayingclosetohomeeliminatesthebudgetforaccommodationandtransport.Apartfromthefinancial49gainedbyleavingbehindexpensiveplaneticketsorbynotbookinghotelroomsthataren'tcheap,staycationalsohasthebenefitofkeepingharmful50intheground.Cars,boats,andplanesarenot(orareless)used;51,othermeansoftransportsuchaspublictransport,bicycles,electricscootersorjustwalkingarefavored.Thisallowspeople'scarbonfootprintsnotto52asmuchastheywouldiflongdistanceshadbeentraveled.Astaycationisaformofalternativetourismthatisfullyinlinewiththeslowtourismtrend.Slowtourisminvitesyoutoliveinthe53moment.Itencouragesyoutotakeyourtime,discovernearbylandscapes,reconnectandspendmoretimeoutdoorsinnaturewiththepeopleyouenjoy,Therearenofully-bookeddays,andthereisno54togofromoneactivitytoanotherjusttostaybusyallthetime.Giventhemultiple55oflocaltourism,younolongerhaveareasontobeembarrassedatthecoffeemachineatworkwhenyouareaskedwhereyouaregoingonvacationthisyear.41.A.valueB.sectorC.crisisD.shares41.A.valueB.sectorC.crisisD.shares6/1642.A.restrictB.bearC.avoidD.meet43.A.cheerfulB.immediateC.pollutedD.attractive44.A.limitedB.financialC.culturalD.environmental45.A.introducingB.stoppingC.postponingD.raising46.A.challengesB.assessmentC.tasksD.applications47.A.voyageB.mindC.pocketD.hometown48.A.InadditionB.ForexampleC.InfactD.Onthecontrary49.A.servicesB.adviceC.resourcesD.savings50.A.emissionsB.exposureC.vehiclesD.strategies51.A.thereforeB.insteadC.howeverD.moreover52.A.lastB.fallC.increaseD.change53.A.historicB.presentC.criticalD.climatic54.A.goodB.harmC.blameD.rush55.A.advantagesB.challengesC.platformsD.themesSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)BrookeMartin,sgoldenretriever(金毛獵犬)Kaylahatedbeingleftaloneorseparated.Shewouldhowl,pace,andchewonthings.Brookelearnedthatotherpeoplehadthesameproblemwiththeirpets.Shewondered:“Whatifyoucouldtalktoyourdogifyouweregone?'Workingwithherfatherintheirgarage,the16-year-oldcameupwithseveralideas.Finally,sheinventedadevicethatallowedpetownerstovideochatwiththeirpets!ShecallsthedeviceiCPooch.“Thedogdoesn,thavetoanswerthecall,“explainsBrooke.“Itcomesupimmediatelyonthescreenontheirend.It,satwo-wayaudioandvideo-youcanseeandheareachother.”Withaclickofabuttonyoucanevensendthedogatreat!Herinventionhasearnedheraspotcompetingagainstnineotherfinalistsinayoungscientistcompetitionformiddle-schoolstudents.Thesefinalists,selectedbasedontheirshortvideopresentations,areworkingwithmentorsoverthesummerbeforeheadingtothefinalcompetition7/16inSt.Paul,Minn.AfterMartin,svideoputheramongthe10finalistsintheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge,shewaspairedwithDelonyLanger-Anderson,aproductdevelopmentscientistin3M,sconsumerhealthcaredivision.—Ijustleadherdowntheproductdevelopmentpath,Langer-AndersontoldLiveScience.Thispathincludesguidanceonhowtotestthepotentialproduct,whichcombinesavideochatdevicethatanswersimmediatelyonthedog,sendwithadogtreatdevicetheownercanremotelyactivate.‘OnethingIhavethoughtaboutalotis,whathappensifwhilethedeviceisonthefloor,whatifyourdogknocksitover,orscratchesthescreen?,Martinsaid.SheandLanger-Andersondiscussedthis,andMartinisnowtestingmaterialsatalocaldogshelterbytapingthemtothedoghousefloorstoseehowwelltheywithstandsharpteethandclaws.Thefinalistscreatemodelstheycantest,withtheguidancefromamentor.Theirprojectsincludeafuelcellthattransformscutgrassintoelectricityandanappthatrewardsdriversfornottextingorcalling.Langer-Andersontriestohelpthestudentsworkthroughthescientificmethod,testingtheirhypothesis,inadeterminedway,—sothekidsdon,tgetburiedindata.shesaid.56.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.“iCPooch“winsinayoungscientistcompetition.B.A16-year-oldgirlinventsadevicefordoghunger.C.Aman-madedeviceletspeoplechatwiththeirpets.D.Akid-inventeddevicecalmdogs,separationanxiety..“iCPooch”calmspetdogsby.A.allowingvideochatB.makingdogssleepC.answeringthecallD.givingthemfood.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“mentor”?A.competitorsB.assistantsC.instructorsD.companions.Whatdotheinventionsofthefinalistshaveincommon?A.Theyareallnewinventionsdealingwithpets.B.Theyarepossiblesolutionstoeverydayproblems.C.Theycopewiththeproblemsrelatedtocomputers.8/16

D.Theyareallaccomplishedthroughindividualwork.(B)ThisIsWhataRealSilverDollarLooksLikeIfyoutrustintheye,theeuro,andthedollar...stopreading.BecausethisisastoryaboutthesilvercoinEVERYBODYwants.Youreadtheheadlines.Youknowthattroubledeconomictimeshaveputglobalcurrencyonarollercoaster(ride.Butmillionshavefoundasmarterwaytobuildlong-termvaluewithhigh-gradecollectablesilver.Andrightnow,thosepeoplearelininguptosecuresomeofthelast2012U.S.MintSilverEagles,America'sNewestSilverEagleDollars.Today,youcangraduatetothefrontofthatline.BuynowandyoucanownthesebrilliantuncirculatedSilverDollarsforonly$38.95!YouCan'tAffordtoLoseWhyarewereleasing(發(fā)行)thissilverdollarforsucharemarkableprice?Becausewewanttointroduceyoutowhathundredsofthousandsofsmartcollectorsandsatisfiedcustomershaveknownsince1984—NewYorkMintistheplacetofindtheworld'sfinesthigh-gradecoins.That'swhywe'reofferingyouthisBrilliantUncirculated2012U.S.SilverEagleforaslittleas$37.45(pluss/h).TimingisEverythingOuradvice?Keepthistoyourself.Becausethemorepeoplewhoknowaboutthisoffer,theworseitisforyou.DemandforSilverEaglesin2011brokerecords.Expertspredictthat2012SilverEaglesmaybreakthemalloveragain.Duetorapidchangesinthepriceofsilver,pricesmaybehigherorlowerandaresubjectto(受...影響)changewithoutnotice.Suppliesarelimited.CallimmediatelytoaddtheseSilverEaglestoyourholdingsbeforeit'stoolate.OfferLimitedto40perhousehold2012AmericanSilverEagleCoinYourcost1-4Coins $38.95each+s/h5-9Coins $38.45each+s/h10-19Coins $37.95each+s/h20-40Coins $37.45each+s/h9/16Note:$10s/h（shippingandhandling）foreachpurchaseForfastestservice,calltoll-free24hoursaday1-888-201-7143OfferCode（代碼）ASE177-04Pleasementionthiscodewhenyoucall.NewYorkMint14101SouthcrossDriveW.,Dept.ASE177-04Burnsville,Minnesota55337www.NewYorkMint.Com.TopromotetheSliverEaglescoin,whatisstressedinthead?A.Thecoinisofhighqualityandworthcollecting.B.Thecoincanbecirculatedasacurrency.C.Limitedsuppliesguaranteeastablepriceofthecoin.D.Demandforthecoinisboundtobreakrecords.Ifyoubuysix2012U.S.MintSilverEaglesbypost,youshouldpayatleast.A.230.7 B.233.7 C.240.7 D.243.7.Theadstronglyencouragespeopletopurchasethesilvercoinsby.A.shoppingonline B.makingaphonecallC.liningupinfrontofthestoresD.writingtothecompany（C）Thedreamoftheflyingcarcouldcomedowntoearthsoonasseveralstart-upslikeChineseEHANGandUberaredevelopingso-called“passengerdrones（無人機(jī)）”一self-flyingdronesbigenoughtoferryindividualcommutersaroundtown—whichcouldshrinkcommute（上下班往返）timesfromhourstominutes.Atfirstglance,human-carryingdronessoundnomorerealisticthanflyingcars.Untilrecentlyinventorshadneverbeenabletomarryautomobilesandaircraftinapracticalway.Yetafewcompanieshavekeptatit:Woburn,forexample,hassince2006beendevelopingTransition,a“roadableaircraft”thatresemblesasmallairplanethatcanfolditswingsanddriveonroads.A10/16personalflyingcarineverygaragehasprovedtobeatoughsell,however,asthereareserioussafetyconcernsaboutaskingtheaveragecommutertotrainforapilot,slicenseandtaketotheskies.Passengerdrones,bycontrast,wouldoperateautonomouslyandleavethe“roadable”partbehindinfavoroflargerversionsofaircraftthatalreadyexist.Passengerdronedesignsfavor“distributedelectricpropulsion（推進(jìn)）」meaninginsteadofonelargerotorpoweredbyalargeenginetheyhavemultiplepropellerseachpoweredbyitsown,smallermotor.Thissacrificesliftingpowerandflightperformanceinexchangeformechanicalsimplicityandlighterweight-factorsthatcouldmakethemcheapertooperate.Quieterelectricpowerwouldmakethenoisetolerabletocityresidents,althoughitremainstobeseenhowmuchweightsuchavehiclecouldlift,andforhowlong.Withanyofthesevehicles,safetyisthebiggestconcernandextendstoboththeaircraftandtheautomatedsystemsflyingthem.Advancedartificialintelligenceisneededtoflylargenumbersofautonomousaircraftwithoutcrashingthemintooneanotheror,say,thelocalnewschannel'straffichelicopter.CarryingpeoplefrompointsAtoBseemssimpleenough,buteventhebestAIstruggleswithsurprises:What,forexample,wouldadronedoifalandingareasuddenlybecameunavailable?asksSanjivSingh,aCarnegieMellonUniversityroboticsresearcher.Insteadofleapingtofullyautomatedpassengerdrones,hesuggestsfirsttestingthenecessaryAIinunmannedcargo（貨物）runs,andadoptinga“mixedmode”approachinearlypassengerserviceswherepilotsareassistedbyAIco-pilots.Technicalchallengesaside,start-upspromotingthetechnologywillhavetofindawaytoconvincethepublictogivetheirdronesawhirl,somethingthatrequiresamuchbiggerleapoffaiththangettingintothebackseatofaself-drivingcar.Passengerdronemakersare“obviouslystillintheincubation（孵化）stagesoftechnologydevelopmentandimprovingthebasics,”saysMikeHirschberg,executivedirectoroftheAmericanHelicopterSocietyInternational.“But20or30yearsfromnowlifemaybealittlelikeTheJetsonswhereyoutakeadvantageofthethirddimensionandhavemuchmoremobility,especiallyinurbanclosequarterswheregroundtransportationisgridlocked.”Thepassengerdroneprogressmayfollowaslopingtakeoffratherthanverticalleap.CarnegieMellon,sSinghseesalongroadaheadfilledwithlotsoftesting,analysis,regulationand11/16effortstowinthepublic,strustbeforethetechnologybecomesaviabletransportationoption.“Thereisthedangerofsomeonemovingtoofastandthenhavingaproblemthatsetstheindustrybackforsometime,”hesays..Personalflyingcarshavefailedtogainpopularityamonghouseholdsmainlybecause.A.peopledon,thavethecouragetotakethecarstotheair.B.peopleareunwillingtotrainforapilot,slicense.C.peopleworrythattheymaynotbequalifiedtoflythecarssafely.D.itispracticallyimpossibletocombinecarsandaircrafttogether..WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofpassengerdrones?A.Itcanliftmoreweight.B.Itislighterinweight.C.Itmakeslessnoise.D.Itissimplerinmechanicaldesign..WhatisHirschberg,sattitudetowardspassengerdrones?A.disapprovingB.neutralC.skepticalD.cautiouslyoptimistic.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.artificialintelligencecaneasilytackletheproblemsoccurringinairtraffic.B.humanpilotsinautonomousaircraftwillendangerthesafetyofpassengers.C.thepassengerdroneindustrywillmakemajorbreakthroughsinthenearfuture.D.thepublic,sdistrustmayhinderthedevelopmentofpassengerdrones.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Watchingaboxingmatchgivesthemanoutletforthisaggression.Iampersonallynotatallinfavorofaggressivesportslikeboxing.Inmypersonalopinion,boxingcanbesothrillingthatmanypeopledarenottohaveatry.Professionalboxersaremuchmoreatriskthantheiramateurcounterparts.Furthermore,studieshaveshownthatthereareoftenlong-termeffectsofboxingItislikelytothreatenpersonalsafetyofpeople.Boxingisapopularsportthatmanypeopleseemtobefascinatedby.Newspaper,magazines12/16andsportsprogrammesonTVfrequentlycoverboxingmatches.Professionalboxersearnalotofmoney,andsuccessfulboxersaretreatedasbigheroes.Itseemstomethatpeople,especiallymen,finditappealingbecauseitisanaggressivesport.Whentheywatchaboxingmatch,theycanidentifywiththewinningboxer,andthisgivesthemthefeelingofbeingawinnerthemselves.Itisafactthatmanypeoplehavefeelingofaggressionfromtimetotime,buttheycannotshowtheiraggressionintheireverydaylives.67However,thereisanegativesidetoboxing.68Althoughboxerswearglovesduringthefights,andamateurboxersevenhavetowearhelmets,therehavefrequentlybeenaccidentinbothprofessionalandamateurboxing,sometimeswithdramaticconsequences.Boxershavesufferedfromheadinjuries,andoccasionally,fightershaveevenbeenkilledasaresultofbeingknockedoutinthering.69Sometimesevenifaboxerhasneverbeenknockedout,hemighthavesufferedseverebraindamagewithoutknowingit.70IthinkitwouldbebetteriflesstimewasgiventoaggressivesportsonTV,andwewelcomedmoremenandwomenfromnon-aggressivesportsasourheroesandheroinesinoursociety.Ibelievethattheworldisaggressiveenoughalready!Ofcourse,peoplelikecompetitivesports,andsodoI,butIthinkthathittingotherpeopleinanaggressivewayisnotsomethingthatshouldberegardedasasport.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Studentswhohaveusedelectroniccigarettesbythetimetheystartninthgradearemorelikelythanotherstostartsmokingtraditionalcigarettesandothertobaccoproductswithinthenextyear,accordingtoanewstudyfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Electroniccigarettes,ore-cigarettes,delivernicotinetothelungsbyheatingaliquidsolutionthatcontainsnicotineandotherchemicalstoproduceaspraythattheusertakesin.AspartofasurveyofsubstanceuseandmentalhealthamonghighschoolstudentsinLosAngeles,thestudycomparedthestartoftobaccouseamong222studentswhohadusedecigarettes,butnotanyothertobaccoproducts,and2,308whohadneitherusede-cigarettesorany13/16othertobaccoproductswheninitiallysurveyedatthestartofninthgrade.The2,530studentswhoinitiallyreportedneverusingtobaccounderwentfollow-upassessmentsaftersixand12months.Studentswereaskedaboutlifetimeandpastsix-monthuseofe-cigarettesoranyotherformsoftobaccoproducts.Duringthefirstsixmonthsafterbeingsurveyed,30.7percentofthosewhohadusedecigarettesstartedusingtobaccoproducts,suchascigarettes,andcigars,comparedtoonly8.1percentofthosewhohadneverusede-cigarettes.Overthefollowingsixmonthsleadingintothestartof10thgrade,25.2percentofe-cigaretteusershadusedtobaccoproducts,comparedtojust9.3percentofnonusers.“Whileteentobaccousehasfalleninrecentyears,thisstudyconfirmsthatweshouldcontinuetocloselywatchte