專題04閱讀理解《2019年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試大綱》（英語）中有關閱讀的要求：要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關信息?？忌鷳埽海?）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結構；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態度?！窘庾x】【說明文】【樣題】(2018·全國新課標I，D)Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)outdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachThismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-set-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices–wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案)?Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33.WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV. B.Thetablet. C.TheLCDTV. D.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章講述了新舊電子設備的差別，舊電子設備耗能高、不環保。所以作者主張使用新電子設備。33.D【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeach 可知，Babbitt’steam研究的目的是弄清楚這些設備用了多少電。故選D。34.B【解析】細節理解題。根據文章最后一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知，平板電腦是耗能最少的電子設備，可以降低44%的耗能。 故選B。35.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章的整體內容可知，因為舊的電子設備耗能高，不環保。所以作者建議停止使用舊的電子設備。故選A?！咀h論文】【樣題】(2018·全國新課標II，D)We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤滑劑)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners. B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic. D.Makingbusinessdeals.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships. B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk. D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCounts B.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalk D.UncomfortableSilence【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。在當今社會，人們在公共場合或沉迷于智能手機，或與不舒服的沉默抗爭，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當的交談閑聊的，閑聊是人際關系社會交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。32.C【解析】主旨大意題。題干問的是：第一段描述了什么現象。在公共場合（比如在電梯里，在銀行排隊，或在飛機上）人們深深地專注于他們的智能手機，或者更糟糕的是，與不舒服的沉默抗爭。有此可知，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。A項意為：沉迷于智能手機。B項意為：在公共場所不適當的行為。C項意為：陌生人之間缺乏溝通。D項意為：對緩慢的服務不耐煩。故選C項。34.D【解析】推理判斷題。題干問的是：咖啡店的研究對閑聊有什么建議。根據第四段的調查結果可知，那些與服務員聊天的人，有顯著的積極情緒和更好的咖啡店體驗。由此可知，D項符合題意。A項意為：閑聊改善了家庭關系。B項意為：閑聊提高了人們的信心。C項意為：閑聊和正式談話一樣重要。D項意為：閑聊讓人感覺很好。故選D項。35.C【解析】主旨大意題。整篇文章剛開始介紹了社會的現象（公共場合人們沉迷于智能手機，陌生人之間缺乏溝通交流），接著分析了這一問題的原因，接下來有專家對閑聊進行了研究，最后得出結論，閑聊都有什么樣的好處。A項意為：談話很重要。B項意為：閑聊的方法。C項意為：閑聊的好處。D項意為：不舒服的沉默。故選C項。題型2七選五型閱讀理解 閱讀理解七選五側重考查考生的邏輯思維能力，要求考生在語篇層面對文章整體內容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義進行把握。其命題形式體現了新課標對考生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力的要求。文章體裁以說明文為主，語篇模式較為固定：提出問題——提供解決方案。文章題材較為固定：與學生的日常生活、學習緊密相關。近三年新課標全國卷高考七選五實況分析：年份卷別體裁詞數題材話題2018全國卷I說明文259家庭生活室內設計中顏色的選擇問題全國卷II說明文223社會生活列舉了早晨鍛煉對人身體的四條好處全國卷III說明文195社會生活介紹了跳舞的好處2017全國卷I記敘文225個人生活作者對野營活動由抵觸到喜歡的轉變過程全國卷II說明文196工作如何避免工作時被打斷全國卷III說明文244個人生活如何做計劃建立好生物鐘，保持早睡早起的好習慣2016全國卷I說明文195文化科技密碼的設置方法和破解的方法全國卷II說明文262家庭生活自己建設花園的具體建議全國卷III說明文201家庭生活買魚和燒魚的常識 2018年高考對七選五的考查將更多地涉及所填句子和所在段落主題的呼應以及空白處與上下句之間的一致性。考生要想做好此類題目，必須注意：話題的一致性，代詞指代的一致性，句式的一致性，數字列舉的一致性以及段落結構對空白處所填內容的影響?！緲宇}】(2018·全國新課標II)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign–somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou’lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffect