UNIT3TalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendoneTolearnthepresentperfectpassivevoiceTousethepresentperfectpassivevoicetodosomeexercisesandtalkaboutsomethinghasbeendoneToreadapoemandlearntowriteyourownpoemReadthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.Completethesentencesaccordingtothetext.Much__________________(write)aboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.People’slives___________________(change)byonlinecommunitiesandsocialnetworks.Manypeople_________________(help)bytheclub.Jan’slife___________________(improve)greatlybytheInternet.havebeenchangedhavebeenhelpedhasbeenimprovedhasbeenwrittenVerbformActivePassiveHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?Fillintheblank.have/has+v.-ed______________________have/has+been+v.-edWeusethepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendone.Theverbformis“(2)__________________”.has/havebeendoneTheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.(Activevoice)Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.(Passivevoice)Observesentencesandfigureoutthestepstochangetheactivevoiceintopassivevoice.Step1Movetheobjecttothebeginningofthesentence.Step2Changetheactiveformoftheverbintopassiveform,maintainingthetenseofthesentence.Step3Addthepreposition“by”beforetheoriginalsubject,ifyouwanttomentionit.Rememberitcanbeomitted.Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.They’vebuiltakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.AkindofnewPChasbeenbuiltwithmorefunctions.1.Ihavedownloadedthesoftwaretohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.2.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.3.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?4.Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?5.Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?Hasa/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?Findoutthedifferencesinmeaningandfunctionbetweentheactiveandpassiveforms.Inanactivesentence,thesubjectisdoinganactiontoanobject;theyareusedoften,astheyaremoredirect.

Inapassivesentence,thesubjectishavingsth.donetoit,andthedoerofthatactionisnotnecessarilymentioned.Theyareoftenusedwhenthedoerofanactionisunknown,notimportant,orpreferrednotnamed.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示動作發(fā)生在過去,到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。動詞和被修飾主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。肯定式have/has+been+v.-ed否定式have/has+not+been+v.-ed一般疑問句Have/Has+主語+been+v.-ed?特殊疑問句疑問詞+have/has+been+v.-ed?1.表示一個被動的動作在說話之前已完成，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與already,yet,just,ever,never,recently等副詞連用。e.g.Thecarpetlooksnice.Ithas

already

beencleaned.Theresultoftheirexperimentshasn'tbeenpublishedyet.

Haveyouever

beenbittenbyadog?用法2)表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與“for+一段時間”,“since+從句”,sofar等狀語連用。e.g.Thehousehasbeenusedformanyyears.ThepartyhasbeenplannedsincehecametoChina.Hernovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar.【拓展】

在時間、條件狀語從句中，通常要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。

e.g.Iwillgotoplayfootballassoonasthehomeworkhasbeenfinished.

Ifaplanhasbeenmade,weshouldputitintopractice.注意事項1.borrow,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應(yīng)的意思，需要改變動詞或時態(tài)。

e.g.這本書借了一周了。Thebookhasbeenkeptforaweek.

這個工程已經(jīng)開始多久了？Howlongagowasthisprojectstarted?(V)2.帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,sell,buy,lend,offer,hand,pass,get等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般是把指人的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，間接賓語前要加to或for。e.g.Wehavebeentoldthetimeofthelecture.Thetrafficruleshavebeentaughttohimmanytimes,buthestillignoredthem.3.帶有復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓語補足語)的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓語補足語保特不動。主動語態(tài)中不帶to的不定式作賓補，在被動語態(tài)中要加上to。e.g.Theworkershavebeenmadetoworkawholedaywithoutstop.4.短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要注意保持短語動詞的完整性，不可漏掉動詞后面原有的介詞或副詞。e.g.Thesecaseshavebeenreferredtointheexpert'sreport.選用括號內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面短文。TheInternet1.__________________(hasconsidered,hasbeenconsidered)asoneofthemostimportantinventionsinthehistoryofmankind(人類)andInternetExplorer2.__________________(hasused,hasbeenused)for25yearsallowingustoaccesssuchanimportantinvention.Butafteralltheseyears,it3.________________(hasdecided,hasbeendecided)thatMicrosoft'sappsandserviceswillstopsupportingInternetExplorer11.hasbeendecidedhasbeenconsidered

used

hasbeenReadthepoemandunderlinethepresentperfectpassivevoiceinthefollowingpoem.LookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourteethhavebeenbrushedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain.LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.Readthepoemagain.Thenthinkofyourownsituationandwriteasimilarone.Lookattheway__________________________Lis