中國地質大學長城學院本科畢業設計外文資料翻譯系別：工程技術系專業：機械設計制造及其自動化姓 名： 王寧寧 學 號： 052116072015年4月1日外文翻譯原文ScissorlifeIntoday'ssocietyrapiddevelopment,somecompaniesintheprocessofworktohelp,youneedtouseliftingmachine.LiftersbeganusingtheinventionoftheUnitedStatesin1925,developmenthasbeenthroughalotofchangesandimprovements,typesanddevelopmenttoalotofkinds,generallyhasthepillartypeandscissors,thedrivemodewithmechanicaldrive,hydraulictransmission,pneumatictransmission,etc.Thisdesignisfromthegenerationanddevelopmentofliftingmachine,andintroducesthemanufacturingprocessimprovement,etc.ThedirectionoftheliftingmachinedesignchoiceNowwecanseemostoftheliftingmachinemostfixedinstallation.Portableliftingmachinebutwealsohaveseveralsuccessfuldesign,suchastractiontypeliftingmachine,shearforkliftmachine,etc.Theprominentnatureofthistypeofliftingmachineadvantageisgoodflexibility,canopenatanytimetorepairthefieldservice,easytouse,whichmakefulluseofitsadvantages.Becausenowliftingmachinemorefixed,soweconsiderthedevelopmentanduseofportableliftingmachine,thisscissorliftmachineisdesigned.Untilnowwehavethepotentialoftheliftingmachineforthedevelopmentandutilizationofthemanyways,butthereisstilladevelopingwidelyanduseefficiencyisnothighenough.Liftingmachine,however,iswhenisnowoneoftheessentialequipmentofmanyindustries,isalsooneoftheindispensableaccessoriesonmanylargemachineryinthefuture,thuspromoteourbettertostudyaboutthestructureofit,toimprove,soastoextendtheservicelifeoftheequipmentandimprovetheperformanceofequipment.Sofar,ourcountry'sliftingmachinemanufacturingtechnologyover,therehavebeensomequalitytechnologyismoremature,yushutoliftingdevicehasalsobeenwidelyusedinvariousfields,forourcountry'seconomicandsocialdevelopmenthasmadeirreplaceablecontributions.ThehistoryofliftingmachineLiftingmachineintheworldalreadyhad70yearsofhistory.ProductionintheUnitedStatesin1925thefirstcarliftingmachine,itisakindofcontrolledbypneumaticliftingmachine,singlecolumnduetotheuseofairpressureislow,andblock;Usingleathertosealatthesametime,thuswhencompressedairdrivenbounceandseriousinstability.Untiltenyearslater,in1935thesingle-columnliftingmachineisadoptedinotherpartsoftheoutsideoftheUnitedStates.In1966,aGermancompanyproducedthefirstdoublecolumnliftingmachine,thisisanotherbreakthroughinthedesignoftheliftingmachine,butitwasnotuntil1977theliftingmachineinothercountriesoutsideGermany.Nowdoublecolumnliftingmachineinthemarkettooccupyastrongposition,itssalesstillcontinuestogrow.Itcomparedwiththefourpillarsofelevator,hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantagesaswellas,thefollowingwillmakeabriefdescription.Weseethevastmajorityoftheliftingmachineadoptfixedinstallation.Beforeliftingthecarmustbeontheliftingmachine.Intermsofportableliftingmachinealsohasseveralsuccessfuldesign,suchasscissorsliftingmachine,diamondframeliftingmachine,etc.Butthiskindofliftingmachinetherearestilltwomajorissues,closetothecarbottomisdifficult;Intheworkshopmobileliftingmachinedifficulttoovercometheobstaclesontheground.Mobilityis,ofcourse,thiskindoftheprominentadvantagesofliftingmachine.Nowfixedinstallationofsinglecolumnanddoublecolumn,four-columnliftingmachinehasalreadybeenwidelyadoptedinservicefield,andtheportableliftingmachineisrelativelyfarless.LiftingmachinedesignrequirementsDesignbeforeyoudeterminethebasicsituationofproductdesign,todevelopbasicschemeaccordingtothedesignrequirement.Thefollowingisalistofthedesign-thescissorshydraulicliftingplatformofsomebasicrequirements:overviewofthehost:itismainlyusedfortherepairandmaintenanceofthecraneisofworkshopmaintenancepersonnel;mainliftingandfallingofliftingmovement,speedisslow,smallhydraulicimpact;themaximumloadof0.3tons,withdoublehydrauliccylindercontrolconnectioncombinationforklevermechanism.Maximumliftingheight15meters;movementstabilityandsecurityneedsbetter;artificialcontroloperation,buttonstartcontrollift;workingenvironmentrequirement:shouldnotbeinthesandonthegroundfloor,plankbrickplateandsoonmorethanasolidground,notinthegroundoftheslopeorpotholes,shouldnotbeoperatedinexcessivecoldoutside;reliableperformance,lowcost,easytomove,withoutotherauxiliaryfunctionandspecialfunction;LiftingmachinesafeguardsUsethemaintenanceofsafetyassurancemeasuresinvolvingrangeisverywide,includingliftingmachinehavethepreparingworkbeforeuse,forexample,thebracket,theclosingofthedoor,andseatbeltislie.Despitetheliftingmachinehasahistoryof70yearsofdevelopment,butitsdesignprincipleandlittlechange;Ifneglectingsafetyrequirements,theoverloaduse,stillcancauseseriousaccident,evencasualtiesaccident.Sosecurityproblemmusthasdrawngreatattentionofusingunitandoperators.Hereisonlyuseliftingmachinemaintenanceitemsthatshouldbepaidattention.theliftingmachineliftplatformliftingoperations,workingmesashouldguaranteethehorizontalandverticalstrutforkgroupkeepverticalstate.whenworkingoutside,windmorethan5isstrictlyprohibited.Platformintheprocessoflifting,allpersonnelarestrictlyprohibitedtoclimb.legbrace,ascendinganddescendinghomework;Platformafterrising,beforebacktotheoriginalheight,mobileisprohibited.useisstrictlyprohibitedintheprocessofsuperhighplatform,overloadoperation;Platformintheprocessofthecargolift,goodscannotbemoved;Platformmannedintheprocessoftheriseandfall,notmovingandshaking.thehydraulicoilshouldbekeptclean,shallnotbemixedwithwaterandotherimpurities.whentheplatformmalfunctioncannotworknormally,shouldbepromptlycutoffthepowersupply.equipmentareinneedofrepair,theplatformshouldberisingprisonrearcanrun.Withthecharacteristicsofthehydraulicsysteminordertopreventthebedplateloadweightdown,thesystemadoptssealinggoodhydrauliccontrolledcheckvalveself-locking;inordertomakeweightdownsmoothly,USEStheone-wayspeedregulatingvalvecontrolofmotorspeed,lessnoise;thesystemdoesn'tgesture,unloadingdirectly,savingenergyconsumption;tomaketheliftingplatformstructureismorecompact,theeaseofinstallationandmaintenanceofsuperimposedcomponents,hydraulicsystem,aunifiedarrangementwithinhydraulicstation;inordertopreventaccidentinworksafetyaccidents,thesystemUSESapipelineruptureprotectionvalveinstalledonthecylinderinferiorvenainletconnection,oncealineorotherpartofthepipelinesuddenlyburst,looseconnection,pressureortheabnormalout-of-controlspeedingdowncounter,itcanaccordingtothedifferentialpressureautomaticallycutoffoil,preventfallingaccidents,protecttheequipmentandpersonalsafety;inaddition,ontheelectricalcontrol,attheedgeofliftplatformsettinglimitswitch,bedplaterise,oncerosetothelimitofmaximumheight,limitswitchsignal,unloadingtoensurethatthecompulsorysystembedplaterisetotherightheight.HydraulicpressuresourceselectionTheworkingmediumofhydraulicsystemcompletelyprovidedbythehydraulicsource,hydraulicsourceisthecoreofhydraulicpump.Withoutotherauxiliaryoilsource,undertheconditionofthehydraulicpumpoilshouldbegreaterthantheneedofsystemofoil,excessoilthroughtheoverflowvalvebacktotank,developandstableoilsourcepressurereliefvalveatthesametime.Volumetricspeedcontrolsystemmostlywithvariablepump,oilpressurereliefvalvecapsonsystem.Tosaveenergyandimproveefficiency,hydraulicpumpoiltotrytomatchtherequiredflowsystem.Inthestageoftheworkcycleofeachsystemundertheconditionoftheoilquantityislarge,havemoreoilsupplyorvariablepumpoil.Forthisdesign,duetotheshortworkcycle,cycletimes,lessoilcanbereducedtosaveenergy,usingsinglepumpoilcan,neednotbestoredenergyaccumulator.Forthepurificationofoil:oilpurificationdeviceinthehydraulicsourceisindispensable.Aregenerallyequippedwithcrudeoilfilter,theentranceofthepumpintooilaccordingtotherequirementoftheprotectedcomponentsinthesystem,throughthecorrespondingfineoilfilterfilteragain.Topreventimpuritiesinthesystemflowbacktothefueltank,canbesetuponthebacktooilmagneticfilterorotherformsofoilfilter.Accordingtothehydraulicequipmentenvironmentandtherequirementoftemperaturerise,butalsoheating,coolingandothermeasures.LiftingmachinebedplateCounterlocatedintheupperliftingplatform,ispartofthesupportmember.However,inordertosecureourinstalledinthebedplatesecurityfence,ensurestaffisinarelativelysafeenvironment.Thecounterhereisnotasimplesteelplate,butinthefollowingways,becausetheliftingplatformforkleverarmonthepulley,thetrack'sroleistomakethepulleyslidingbackandforthwithintheramp,theliftingplatformliftingandfallingmovement.Underthefloor.Theseparametersaccordingtotheheightofliftingweightandlift,todeterminethelengthofthebedplateis2800mm,width1500mm,materialadoptthreethickcheckeredplate.Forkleverisoneofthemainliftingplatformliftingparts,arethemainforce.Forthesuccessofitsdesignrelatestothesuccessorfailureofthewholedesignwork,materialselectionof45#steel,160*80seamlesssteeltube.ThethreekindsofstructureofliftingmachinesVerticalfixedshearforkstructure,hydrauliccylinderstrokeisequaltotheliftingplatformstroke,theoverallstructureoflargesize,andthesphericalhingeprocessingload,lessinactualapplication.Levelfixedforkscissorsmechanism,throughtheanalysisandcalculation,theplatformliftingstrokeisgreaterthanthehydrauliccylinderstroke,canachieverapidcontrolintheprocessofapplicationthepurposeoftheelevator,buttheshortcomingistheroleofthepistonrodundertransverseforce,affecttheservicelifeofseals.Andthepistonrodontheloadforceplatformofloadforceislargerthanitactuallyis.Sopracticalandrarelyused.Twohingedshearforkstructuretoavoidtheaboveshortcomings.Structureisreasonable,theplatformofmovementsitinerarycanachievehydrauliccylinderstrokemorethantwotimes.Therefore,graduallyhasbeenwidelyusedinengineeringpractice.Thisdesignisthekeyofdoublehingedshearforkstructureanalysis,inthispaper.外文翻譯譯文剪式小型舉升機當今社會高速發展，一些企業在工作過程中都需要使用舉升機來幫助，。舉升機自從1925年美國發明開始使用，發展至今已經經歷了很多的變化和改進，種類也發展到了很多種，一般有柱式和剪式，其驅動方式有機械傳動，液壓傳動，氣壓傳動等。本次設計就是從舉升機的產生、發展以及制造工藝改進等方面進行介紹。舉升機設計的方向選擇目前我們所見到的絕大多數的舉升機大多數采用固定式安裝。殊不知在移動式舉升機方面我們也有幾項成功的設計，如牽引式舉升機、剪叉式舉升機等。這類舉升機的突出性優點是靈活性好，可以隨時開到維修現場進行服務，用起來很方便，這充分利用了它的優點。由于現在舉升機多采用固定式，因此我們考慮到對移動式舉升機的開發和利用，設計了這臺剪式舉升機。直到現在我們對舉升機的潛能進行了很多方面的開發利用，但是依然存在開發不夠廣泛和利用效率不高的缺陷。然而，舉升機是當現很多行業的必要設備之一，也是將來很多大型機械上必不可少的配件之一，因此促進我們對它的結構更好地去研究，去改進，從而延長了設備的使用壽命和提高設備的性能。目前為止，我國的舉升機制造技術已經發生了些質的飛越，技術也是越俞來俞成熟，舉升設備亦被廣泛的應用在各個領域，為我國的經濟和社會發展做出了不可替代的貢獻。舉升機的發展史舉升機在世界上已經有了70年歷史。1925年在美國生產的第一臺汽車舉升機，它是一種由氣動控制的單柱舉升機，由于當時采用的氣壓較低，因而缸體較大；同時采用皮革進行密封，因而壓縮空氣驅動時的彈跳嚴重且又不穩定。直到10年以后，即1935年這種單柱舉升機才在美國以外的其它地方開始采用。1966年，一家德國公司生產出第一臺雙柱舉升機，這是舉升機設計上的又一突破性進展，但是直到1977這種舉升機才在德國以外的其它國家出現。現在雙柱舉升機在市場上以占據牢固的地位，其銷量還在持續增長。它和四柱舉升機相比，既有優點，也有缺點，以下將作一簡要說明。我們所見到的絕大多數舉升機均采用固定安裝方式。在舉升前汽車必須駛上舉升機。在移動式舉升機方面也有幾項成功設計，如剪式舉升機、菱架式舉升機等。但這類舉升機仍存在兩個主要問題，接近汽車下部較難；在車間移動舉升機時難逾越地面上的障礙物。當然，可移動性是這類舉升機的突出優點。現在固定安裝的單柱、雙柱、四柱舉升機已在維修現場廣泛采用，而移動式舉升機卻相對要少得多。舉升機設計要求設計之前先確定設計產品的基本情況，再根據設計要求制定基本方案。以下列出了本設計一一剪式液壓升降臺的一些基本要求：1）主機的概況：主要用于維修人員對車間的吊車的維修和保養；2）主要完成起升與下降重物的動作，速度較緩，液壓沖擊小；3）最大載荷量定為0.3噸，采用雙液壓缸控制聯接組合叉桿機構進行升降。最大起升高度15米；4）運動平穩性和安全性需要較好；5）人工控制操作，按鈕啟動控制升降；6）工作環境要求：不宜在多沙石地面、木板磚板地面等非牢固地面進行操作，不宜在有坡度或有坑洼的地面進行操作，不宜在過度寒冷的室外進行操作；7）性能可靠，成本低廉，便于移動，無其他附屬功能及特殊功能；舉升機安全保障措施使用維護方面的安全保證措施涉及的范圍很廣，其中舉升機有使用前的準備工作，例如支撐臂的展開，安全門的關閉，還有安全帶的配系。盡管舉升機的發展已有70年的歷史，但其設計原理并無多大改變;如果忽視安全要求，超載使用，仍然會造成嚴重的事故，甚至發生傷亡事故。因此安全問題一定要引起使用單位和操作人員的高度重視。這里僅就使用維護舉升機時應當注意的事項進行說明。（1）舉升機升降平臺升降作業時，工作臺面應保證水平及支桿叉架組縱向保持垂直狀態。（2）室外作業時，風力超過5級時嚴禁使用；平臺在升降過程中，嚴禁一切人員攀爬。（3）支腿未撐牢，禁止升、降作業；平臺在升起后，回落到原始高度之前