\t"/Article/200807/_blank"高中英語謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)精講及練習(xí)1.

非謂語動詞的時態(tài)不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞的動作若發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，用完成式(過去分詞沒有完成式)，否則，就用一般式。若與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的情景或持續(xù)性，可用不定式的進(jìn)行式(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞均沒有進(jìn)行式)。如：Havingfailedtwice,hedidn’twanttotryagain.

他已經(jīng)失敗了兩次，不想再試了。Hecamein,followedbyhissecretary.

他走了進(jìn)來，后面跟著他的秘書。Heseemstohavecaughtacold.

他似乎感冒了。Heseemstobesayingsomething.

他似乎在說什么。2.

非謂語動詞的語態(tài)不定式或-ing

形式與其邏輯主語若是主動關(guān)系，用主動式；若是被動關(guān)系，用被動式。如：Whoisthewomanbeingoperatedon?

正在動手術(shù)的女人是誰?Diditneedtobedonesosoon?

這事需要這么快就做嗎?注：(1)

過去分詞沒有被動式。(2)

有些非謂語動詞要主動式表示被動意義。非謂語動詞語態(tài)用法詳解不定式的被動語態(tài)不定式的被動語態(tài)由“tobet過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其用法與不定式的主動形式相似，只是表示被動意義。如:Iobeattackedbytheenemyisnotabadthing,butagoodthing.被敵人反對是好事，不是壞事。(作主語)Heaskedtobekeptinformedaboutdevelopments.他要求隨時向他報告發(fā)展情況。(作賓語)Thepointstobediscussedcanbebroughtunderthreemainheadings.所論各點可以歸為二個主要方面。(作定語Heknockedatthewindowtobeletin.他敲窗戶要進(jìn)來。(作狀語)Thecasewastooheavytobecarriedbyachild.箱子太重了，孩子搬不動。(作狀語)Themedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday,preferablybeforemeals.這藥一天吃=次，最好飯前吃。(作表語)Hesaidthathewishedittobepublishedinitspresentform.他說他希望以其現(xiàn)有的形式出版。(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)[幾點說明]1.有時不定式用完成被動式。如:Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似平?jīng)]有造成損失2.begoingto后接被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Themeetingisgoingtobeputoff.會議將要延期3.oughtto后接被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Suchactivitiesoughttobeprohibited.這種活動應(yīng)當(dāng)禁。4.hasto.haveto.hadto后接被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Hebrokehislegduringthematchandhadtobecarriedoff.他在比賽中撞新了腿而被拍走。5.beabout(due)to后接被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Theworkisabouttobefinished.這工作即將完成二、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語杰現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)由“being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其用法與現(xiàn)在分詞的主動形式相似，只是表示被動意義。如:Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.我看到他正被警察帶走。(作賓補(bǔ))Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary正在維修的那座樓是我們的圖書館。(作定語)Beingwritteninhaste,thecompositionisfullofmistakes.這篇文章倉卒寫就，故錯誤百出。(作狀語)[用法說明]有時現(xiàn)在分詞用完成被動式。如:Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,I1startmakingpreparationstomorrow.因為邀請我去進(jìn)話，我明天就得做準(zhǔn)備。三、動名詞的被動語態(tài)動名詞的被動語態(tài)由“being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其用法與動名詞的主動形式相似，只是表示被動意義。如:Beinglostcanbeaterrifyingexperience.迷路可能是一種很可怕的經(jīng)歷。(作主語)Hedyedhisbeardtoavoidbeingrecognized.他染了胡子，以免我們認(rèn)出他。(作賓語)[用法說明]有時動名詞用完成被動式。如:Thesafeshowednosignsofhavingbeentouched.保險箱沒有被人動過的痕跡。四、過去分詞沒有被動式過去分詞沒有被動形式，因為它本身就可以表示被動意義。如:Carsparkedillegallywillberemoved.非法停的車要被拉走。(作定語)Herjobwastotakecareofthewoundedsoldier.她的工作就是照料這個傷員。(作定語)Nevertouchanelectricwirewhenitisbroken.絕不要動斷了的電線。(作表語)Incamethefirstrunner,closeyfollowedbythesecond.第一位賽跑者進(jìn)來了，緊跟著第二位也進(jìn)來了。(作狀語)Icouldn’tmakemyselfheardabovethenoise.我的聲音被鬧聲淹沒了。(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)Idon'tspeakgoodFrench,butIcanmakemyselfunderstood.我說不好法語，但我能使別人聽懂我的話。(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)[用法說明]與不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞均有完成被動式不同，過去分詞不僅沒有被動式《因為過去分詞本身可表示被動》，而且也沒有完成式(因為過去分詞本身可表示完成)。[相關(guān)訓(xùn)練]0l.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhereA.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound02.Itremainswhethertheoperationwassuccessful.A,seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee03.I'llhavetochangemyclothesbeforeIgooutIdon'twantlikethisAtoseeB.tobeseeingC.tobeseenD.beingseen04.ArailwaystationisnoplaceforachildaloneatnightA.leaveB.leavingC.tobeleavingD.tobeleft05.-DoyouhaveanythingProfessorSmith?-NothanksA.totypeB.typingC.tobetypedD.beingtyped06.ThecaseagainstMr.Whiteissaidtomorrow.A.tohearB.beingheardC.tobeheardD.beingheard07.ShegottherethattheyhadgoneonholidayA.onlytobetoldB.onlytellingC.onlytoldD.onlyhavingtold08.whereveryougoisthepriceyoupayforbeingfamous.A.BeingrecognizedC.RecognizingB.TohaverecognizedD.Havingrecognized09.Aftertheflightwouldbedelayed,wemadeotherarrangementsA.informingB.beinginformedC.toinformD.tobeinformed10.Hewastakentohospitalafterbyacar.A.beinghitB.tobehitC.havinghitD.tobehitting1l.-They'llgettheirmoneyback.Ishouldhopesotoo,afterlikethat.A.beingtreatedB.tobetreatedC.treatingD.treated12.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpintobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneedA.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded13.ThewhiskyisbottledherebeforeabroadA.sentB.SendingC.beingsentD.havingsent14.IfoundIcouldeasilymakemyselfbyusingsignlanguage.A.UnderstoodB.understandC.tounderstandD.beingunderstood15.Themeeting.overfivethousandpeople,welcomedtheChinesedelegationA.attendingB.tobeattendingC.beingattendedD.attendedby16.Thewindowinthestormhasnowbeenrepaired.A.brokenB.tobreakC.beingbrokenD.havingbroken17.Ithinkthepartywasgreat,allthings-Imeanwedidnthavemuchtimetoprepareandnohelp,butitstillwentwel.A.consideringB.consideredC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered18.inhiscar,thepopsingerwavedtothecrowd.A.SeatingB.SeatedC.ToseatD.Beingseated19.Alltheafternoo